U-Irina BERG
Abalimi bendawo minyaka yonke abahlinzeki ngamazambane esifundeni saseTver kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izifunda eziningi zaseRussia. Naphezu kwazo zonke izimo ezibucayi, azinciphisi indawo engaphansi kwezitshalo futhi zilungele ukunqoba ubunzima obuvelayo. Abalimi bamazambane, abaye bayeka imboni iminyaka eminingi, bakholelwa ukuthi kunoma yikuphi kufanele baqhubeke nomsebenzi wabo: ukondla izwe elikhulu futhi banikeze imindeni yabo ngokwanele.
ABAHLANGANISI ABAQINILE
Inhloko ye-KFH, uVasily Volkov, wesifunda sikamasipala waseSandovsky, ubelokhu esebenza namazambane kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje ugcine le ndawo ngaphansi kwezitshalo phakathi kwamahektha ayi-100-120.
Esigodini saseSandovo nasezindaweni ezizungezile, namuhla kunamapulazi angaba yishumi nambili angahlukaniswa njenganamandla futhi azinzile. Umkhuba ojwayelekile wokuthi abalimi batshale uhlu lwezitshalo ezihambisana nabo ngokushintshanisa izitshalo namazambane awuthandwa lapha. UVasily Volkov uhlakulela umquba oluhlaza kuphela, ngoba akukho ndawo yokuthengisa isivuno sokusanhlamvu noma okusanhlamvu. Akukho nelilodwa ibhizinisi elikhulu lezolimo, alikho nelilodwa ipulazi lemfuyo elahlala endaweni yesifunda, futhi amasimu amaningi ayegcwele amahlathi.
Inhloko ye-KFH ibiza isidingo esiphansi kanye nenani elincane lokuthengisa lezilimo eziyizigaxa uphawu oluyinhloko lwesizini edlule. Abalimi abasafufusa, abeza embonini ngethemba lenzuzo ephezulu eyatholwa abalimi bamazambane ngo-2022, abakwazanga ukukhokha imali mboleko yabo futhi bazithola sebesonqenqemeni lokuqothuka.
UVasily Volkov wayethembele ekuthengisweni kwamaqoqo amakhulu amazambane ngamanani ancishisiwe. Ingxenye enkulu yesivuno yathengiswa ngokusebenzisa abaxhumanisi, ngenxa yomsebenzi umnotho ugweme ubunzima obukhulu.
Abalimi bamazambane baseTver babelindele ukunyuka kwamanani entengo yemikhiqizo yabo ekuqaleni kuka-2023, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, kwashibhile. Emuva ngoJanuwari, umlimi wathola ama-ruble angu-17-18 ngekhilogremu ngayinye yezilimo eziyizigaxa, kodwa ngoFebhuwari izinombolo ezikumathegi amanani zehla kakhulu. Engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi, akakwazanga ukuthola abathengi bamazambane angama-5+, ikhwalithi enhle, ngentengo yama-ruble ayi-10 ngekhilogremu ngayinye.
Phakathi kwabakhiqizi bamazambane esifundeni saseTver, ngokusho kukaVasily Volkov, akukho mncintiswano onzima. Awekho amavolumu amakhulu emikhiqizo engenisiwe lapha futhi. Kunalokho, yi-tveryaks eqhudelana nozakwabo abavela kwezinye izifunda. Abathengisi beza lapha ukuze bathole izimpahla ezivela ezifundeni zaseRostov naseMurmansk, kusukela eKuban nasenkabeni yeRussia. Amazambane amakhulu e-Tver atshalwe enhlabathini enesihlabathi esiloam afunwa kakhulu ngabathengi, ngoba ngemva kokumiswa abukeka ehlanzekile. Isibonelo, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezimbiwe eBryansk chernozem azikho ngaphansi kwekhwalithi yeTver, kodwa zilahlekelwa yizo ngokubukeka.
INKINGA EPHAMBILI YIZISEBENZI ZABANTU
I-LLC "Potates-69" yaba umlandeli wepulazi, owaqala umsebenzi wawo endaweni engamahektha ayisithupha. Ngo-2023, amahektha angama-200 agcwele amazambane emasimini ebhizinisi esifundeni sikamasipala waseMolokovskiy, angama-50 ngaphezu kwesizini edlule.
Abakhiqizi bamazambane e-Tver ware bakhetha izinhlobo zokukhethwa kwamanye amazwe. Umqondisi Jikelele we-Potates-69 LLC U-Andrey Fedotov uthe namuhla okuhamba phambili esifundeni yiNdlovukazi u-Anna noColomba, okuhlala kunesidingo esikhulu sabathengi, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeRussia. Kodwa i-Red Scarlett, nakuba izinzile, kodwa ikhiqiza kancane, ingabangelwa izinhlobo eziphumayo. Ngokusho kokubonwa kwe-tveryaks, amazambane abomvu awazange abe mkhuba muva nje, ngoba umthengi wokugcina uvame ukukhetha amhlophe.
Ipulazi lithenga izinto zembewu kubameleli abasemthethweni bezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe eRussia. Ngokusho kuka-Andrei Fedotov, lokhu kuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lembewu futhi libavumela ukuthi baqhubeke nokuzalanisa emasimini abo. Cishe amathani angama-40 amazambane embewu adingeka minyaka yonke ngezidingo zebhizinisi, kepha kulo nyaka asikho isidingo sokuwathenga.
Usomabhizinisi usekela isifiso seziphathimandla sokuthuthukisa ukukhethwa kwasekhaya nokwazisa izinhlobo zezitshalo zaseRussia. Uma eRussia wonke umuntu enza umsebenzi wakhe ngobuqotho futhi ekhiqiza umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu kuphela, khona-ke amapulazi azobe ezimisele kakhulu ukuthenga imishini yezolimo, imbewu yezitshalo nemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ebizwa ngokuthi “Made in Russia”.
U-Andrey Fedotov ubheka unyaka odlule ngempumelelo ebhizinisini lakhe. I-Potates-69 LLC ayizange ibone ukwehla kwamanani entengo noma isidingo esiphansi samazambane, futhi ubudlelwano bebhizinisi okudala busungulwe bubambe iqhaza eliwujuqu. Ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ngaphandle kwesifunda saseTver kwadlula kubaxhumanisi, ikakhulukazi eKrasnodar Territory, eSt. Petersburg, eMoscow.
Ekhuluma ngobunzima, isazi sezolimo sibeka ukuntuleka kwabasebenzi kwezolimo kuqala, lapho iningi labasebenzi bemishini abangochwepheshe bentula khona. Idolobhana laseMolokovo lincane, futhi inani labantu liyancipha njalo. Intsha engafuni ukusebenza emhlabeni ijwayele ukuhamba iye emadolobheni amakhulu. Akukhona ukuthi bakhokha kancane lapha, ngoba umshini ofanayo womshini uthola cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100 ngenyanga phakathi nenkathi. Abantu baseRussia bavame ukugwema ukusebenza kanzima, futhi izinkulumo ezithi "indoda yomsebenzi" nethi "isisebenzi sasemaphandleni", ngeshwa, ayisazwakali iqhosha.
NGAPHANSI KWAMANDLA EZIMO
Izambane lakho lokuqala Sergey Ershov itshalwe ngo-1998, kodwa isikhathi eside yasebenza njengengxenye yesiza somuntu siqu, futhi kuphela ekupheleni kuka-2007 waba umlimi. Esikhathini esisha, wandisa indawo ngaphansi kwezitshalo esifundeni sikamasipala waseSandovsky kusukela ngonyaka odlule wamahektha angu-130 kuya ku-150. Lapho ekhetha izinhlobo zamazambane, u-agrarian wayehlale ethembele ekuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kanye nezidingo zemakethe. Kodwa kwaba nezinqumo ebezingalindelekile ezaba yinhlanhla. Ngandlela-thile, esikhundleni sembewu ye-Labella e-odwe, ipulazi lanikezwa i-Red Lady. Wathatha ithuba, wavuma futhi useneminyaka eyisikhombisa ehlakulela lolu hlobo ngempumelelo. Inhloko yepulazi labalimi yayivame ukuthenga imbewu ngokuqondile kubakhiqizi bangaphandle. Ekuqaleni, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona izinkampani ezivela eJalimane naseFinland, kodwa abaseFinns bayeka ukudiliva ezweni lakithi.
Kulo nyaka u-Sergey Ershov wanquma ukutshala amazambane asekhaya okokuqala. Ngathenga amathani angama-20 embewu yohlobo lwePrime ukuze ngizihlolele ukuthi abalimi basekhaya basebenze kahle kangakanani. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo qhathanisa imiphumela ezikhulayo amazambane Russian kanye angaphandle.
Ephawula ngesimo sokudayiswa ekupheleni kwesizini ka-2022, umlimi waphawula ukuthi abakhiqizi abancane abakwazi ukuba nomthelela kuso. Abadlali ababuthaka emakethe yamazambane bancike ezimweni, kubathengisi, ezintengoni abazimisile. Wonke umuntu wayenethemba lokungcono kakhulu, kodwa abalimi, abamisa ukuthengisa ekwindla, bathinteka kakhulu. Entwasahlobo, izindleko zezilimo eziyizigaxa zaziphansi nakakhulu. Inhloko ye-KFH ayizange ilinde, yathengisa ngaphandle kokuma, futhi ekuqaleni kukaMeyi yayisithululele ngokuphelele ama-vaults akhe.
Ukudayiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kuphazamiseke ngenxa yokuba kude komnotho emadolobheni amakhulu. Kungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-500 kuzo zombili izinhloko-dolobha zaseRussia, amakhilomitha angu-255 ukuya eTver, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthengisa isivuno esifundeni. Ingxenye eyinhloko, engaba ngu-70%, yaya eKrasnodar Territory, abanye baya eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, eMurmansk, ePetrozavodsk.
Kuze kube wunyaka odlule, umlimi ubehlinzeka izinkulisa zendawo nezikole zamabanga aphezulu ngamazambane. Kodwa ngokwemithetho emisha, ukudiliva ezikhungweni zemfundo kungenzeka kuphela ezimotweni ezikhethekile ezinepasipoti yokuthutha imikhiqizo yezolimo. Umlimi wayene-GAZelle evamile kanye ne-UAZ endala eguqulelwe lezi zinhloso, ngakho lesi siteshi sokusabalalisa sibonakala silahlekile.
U-Sergey Yershov uveze umbono ovamile wabaningi ozakwabo mayelana nokusekelwa kombuso okuhloselwe imboni. Kunezinhlelo ezinenzuzo, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezinikeza isinxephezelo ngezindleko zokuthenga impahla yembewu. Inkinga ukuthi uxhaso olunikezwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko eziphelele zabalimi bamazambane ishibhile. Minyaka yonke kufanele siqoqe imibhalo eminingi ukuze siyithole. Uhambo oluqhubekayo oluya e-Tver, oluya eMnyangweni Wezolimo wesifunda, luthatha isikhathi esiningi. Uma ipulazi lithenga izimbewu ezincane ze-elite, yonke le mizamo ayinangqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane okusekelwe kuzo azihlali zifanelekile ukulinywa esifundeni.
AMANDLA EKUZINDENI
E-Duet LLC, isivuno sokuqala samazambane savunwa ngo-2000 endaweni engamahektha angama-60, futhi namuhla izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe lapha kakade kumahektha angamakhulu amabili. Abafowethu u-Artem noDmitry Gusev baphatha ibhizinisi esifundeni saseKesovogorsky esifundeni.
Emasimini epulazi kunezinhlobo ze-Koroleva Anna, i-Red Lady, i-Aluet, kanye nembewu yesigaba "esiphezulu" ihanjiswa minyaka yonke epulazini ivela eYurophu. UDmitry Gusev, uMqondisi Omkhulu weDuet LLC, uphawula ukuthi abalimi bamazambane baseTver bajwayele ukutshala amazambane afuywa phesheya. Mhlawumbe abalimi baseRussia banezinketho zokubuyisela ezithakazelisayo, kodwa akekho obanikayo, akazikhuthazi ngenkuthalo emakethe.
Ngokusho kwe-agrarian, kuyadingeka ukuzama ukutshala izinhlobo zasekhaya ukuze uhlole izinzuzo zazo. Kodwa ukuhlola okunjalo kuthengwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu zezolimo. Amapulazi aphakathi nendawo adinga ukugxila ekutholeni inzuzo ezinzile. Ngakho-ke, amazambane akhethwa ukukhiqizwa, asevele ethandwa ngabathengi futhi athengwa kahle yibo.
UDmitry Gusev uchaze isizini edlule njengejwayelekile, vele, ehlelelwe amanani aphansi kunangonyaka odlule. Ibhizinisi likwazile ukuthengisa sonke isitshalo, lisebenzisana nabathengisi, kuhlanganise nalabo abathumela izilimo eziyizigaxa ukuze ziwashwe. Intengo yokuthengisa yamazambane amhlophe ayizange yehle ngaphansi kwama-ruble angama-20 ngekhilogremu ngayinye. Kodwa okubomvu, okuvame ukunikezwa izakhiwo ezengeziwe eziwusizo, kwathengiswa ngama-ruble angu-25.
Njengoba usomabhizinisi echaza, eminyakeni edlule kube nendingilizi yamakhasimende ajwayelekile ajwayele ukuthi amazambane aseTver makhulu futhi anekhwalithi enhle. Umkhiqizo usufunwa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezwe, futhi kukhona ikakhulukazi abantu abaningi abawuthandayo emadolobheni amakhulu aseRussia. Lokhu kuvumela umenzi ukuthi aphile ngisho neminyaka enzima embonini.
Usizo oluvela kuhulumeni luyacelwa ukuthi lwengeze ukuzethemba kubalimi esikhathini esizayo. Enye yezinto ezinkulu ezisetshenziswayo impahla yezolimo, futhi amapulazi azithengayo ngokuvamile anethemba lokubuyisela ingxenye yezindleko ezimalini zezifunda. Kodwa uDmitry Gusev wafunda kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ukuthi akumnandi kanjani ukuthola ukuthi inkampani yakho yayingenayo imali eyanele kusabelomali. Inqubomgomo enjalo emkhakheni wokusekelwa kombuso ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi iyasebenza.
UBUCHWEPHESHE NGUKHIYE WEMPUMELELO
Njengoba kuyisiko kubalimi, i-tveryakov ayinikezi noma yiziphi izibikezelo ekuqaleni kwenkathi. Kodwa babheka ikusasa ngomoya ophansi, omunye angase athi, ngethemba elilinganiselwe.
Sergey Ershov ikholelwa ukuthi okuningi kuzoncika emvelweni, cishe njalo eyenza izinguquko zayo. Amahlobo amabili okugcina esifundeni asomile, kodwa inhlabathi yalapha ivame ukugcwala amanzi, futhi akuzange kube nokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Ekwindla, ngokuphambene nalokho, kwakungekho ukushoda kwemvula, okwaphazamisa inqubo yokuvuna. Ngokusho komlimi, uma ngo-2023 okungenani abakhiqizi abakhulu abambalwa "bomile" noma bagcwele izikhukhula, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zamazambane kuqinisekiswa.
UDmitry Gusev uthemba ukuthi inani elinjalo labadlali abasha emakethe ngonyaka odlule ngeke livele. Futhi labo abakhulisa amazambane ngokuphishekela inzuzo elula bazobuyela ebhizinisini labo langaphambili. Laba bantu abazange babale imiphumela yezinqumo zabo, abazange bacabange ukuthi yini engabangela ukwehla kwamanani esivuno esisha ezweni lonke.
Noma ngabe unyaka olandelayo, uVasily Volkov uqinisekile ukuthi abalimi bamazambane abanolwazi ngeke baphulwe yinoma yibuphi ubunzima. Ake u-2022 abe nzima, futhi ezinye izinhlelo kudingeke ziyekwe. UTveryaki akazange ahlale ebomvu futhi wakwazi ukulungiselela ngokugcwele isizini entsha. Sathenga konke esasikudinga: imbewu, umanyolo, imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, uphethiloli wedizili.
U-Andrey Fedotov uphakamise ukuthi unyaka wamanje ungase ube "nzima" kunowangaphambili. Umnotho womhlaba uyaqhubeka nokudlondlobala, izinkinga zivame ukunqwabelana, kanti nezinsiza zabalimi bamazambane ziyancipha. Kodwa usomabhizinisi unaka okunye. Esifundeni saseTver, bafunde ukutshala amazambane ahloniphekile, ukusebenzisa imbewu yekhwalithi ephezulu, nokwandisa isivuno njalo. Izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza lenza abalimi bendawo bangabemukeli ubunzima. Futhi ubungcweti babo buyoba isiqinisekiso esingcono kakhulu senkathi yezolimo ephumelelayo.