Kusuka kumagazini No. 3 2014
Isigaba: Isifunda
Isifunda sePenza etholakala e-East European Plain, ngaphakathi kweVolga Upland. Indawo 43 ayizinkulungwane square metres. km. Insimu yesifunda ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga ingamakhilomitha angama-3, ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu - 330 km.
Lesi sifunda sitholakala lapho kuhlangana khona izindawo ezintathu zemvelo: i-chernozem emaphakathi, i-non-chernozem kanye nesifunda esomile saseVolga.
Isibalo sabantu bakulesi sifunda, ngokusho kweRosstat, singabantu abayi-1, abangama-360% kubo bangabahlali basemakhaya.
Isimo sezulu sisezwekazini elimaphakathi, sinehlobo elishisayo (isilinganiso sokushisa sikaJulayi 19-21°C) nobusika obubandayo (kusuka ku -11° ukuya ku -13°C). Isici sezulu esingazinzile kakhulu yimvula: inani lonyaka esifundeni lishintshashintsha phakathi kuka-450-500 mm, eminyakeni eyomile lehla liye ku-350 mm, futhi eminyakeni emanzi likhuphukela ku-775 mm. Isomiso sasentwasahlobo sijwayelekile, futhi izikhathi ezomile zivame ukuvela ehlobo.
Izimo zemvelo nezimo zezulu namandla ezolimo esifundeni sasePenza kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola isivuno esihle samazambane.
Izikolo eziphakeme
Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, indawo engaphansi kokulinywa kwamazambane ezinhlanganweni zezolimo kanye namapulazi abalimi ikhule kakhulu: isuka kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezi-2,7 ngo-2009 yaya kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezi-5,0 ngo-2013. Ngo-2014, amazambane ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5,8 athathwe emkhakheni ohleliwe; sebebonke, abakhiqizi bezolimo bazo zonke izinhlobo zobunikazi kuzodingeka bavune amazambane endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-39,7.
Isivuno esikhulu samazambane ngo-2014 ezinhlanganweni zezolimo nasemapulazini abalimi esifundeni sasePenza sihlelelwe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80. Lezi izinhlelo ezibucayi zabalimi besifunda. Ngakho-ke ngo-2009, isivuno esikhulu samazambane emkhakheni wezohwebo saba amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-37,3, ngo-2013 - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-45,8.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwezinto (ngo-Agasti 27), amabhizinisi ezolimo azo zonke izinhlobo zobunikazi ayesevune amazambane endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-24,62, agubha amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-325,67, isivuno esijwayelekile sasiyi-132 c/ha.
Emapulazini ahleliwe, amazambane avunwa endaweni engamahektha angama-367, ambiwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4,92, isivuno esijwayelekile singama-131 c/ha. Ukuvuna amazambane kuqhubeka ngesivinini esihle ezifundeni zaseShemysheysky, Lopatinsky, Vadinsky nasePenza esifundeni sasePenza.
Izinhlelo Zokuxhasa Izifunda
Ukuqalisa izinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu futhi kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle ekukhiqizeni amazambane - yilokhu kanye okuhloswe ngakho izindlela zokweseka umbuso ngoMnyango Wezolimo wesifunda.
Kulo nyaka, njengengxenye yokuxhasa ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane nemifino kubakhiqizi bezolimo esifundeni sasePenza, ukusekelwa okungahlobene emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izitshalo kunikezwe inani lama-ruble angama-6 ngehektha elilodwa lendawo ehlwanyelwe, i-200% yenani lokubuyisela imali. ibuyiselwa isikhathi esifushane (kuze kufike onyakeni ongu-1) kanye neyesikhathi eside (kusuka eminyakeni emi-100 kuye kweyisi-1 futhi kusukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kweyi-8) imalimboleko kanye nokuboleka.
Ngokuncintisana, kunikezwa izibonelelo ezifika ezigidini eziyi-1,5 zama-ruble ukuze kwakhiwe amabhizinisi abalimi (amapulazi) asebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni, ekugcinweni, ekupakishweni nasekusetshenzweni kwamazambane nemifino ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo oluhlosiwe lomnyango “Ukusekelwa kwabalimi abaqalayo. ngesikhathi sika-2012-2014”. Kulo nyaka, abahlanganyeli abayisishiyagalolunye emicimbini yohlelo bazothola isibonelelo semali engama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1,5 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwamazambane nemifino. Njengamanje, uMnyango Wezolimo wesifunda umemezele isigaba sesibili somncintiswano wokwamukela izicelo zokubamba iqhaza kulolu hlelo oluhlosiwe lomnyango.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulo nyaka abakhiqizi bezolimo baxhaswe ingxenye yezindleko zokuthenga imbewu yamazambane asezingeni eliphakeme ngenani lama-ruble angama-500 ngethani elilodwa lembewu. Ingxenye yezindleko zokwakhiwa kwezikhungo ze-logistics iphinde ixhaswe ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lwesifunda olubalulekile kwezomnotho "Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zezokuthutha okuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisekisa intuthuko esimeme yokutshala amazambane, ukutshala imifino, ukutshala izithelo neminye imikhiqizo yezolimo esifundeni sasePenza. ngo-1-2014.” Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngembuyiselo ka-2016% wezindleko zokwakha (ukwakha kabusha, ukwenziwa kwesimanje), ukuthengwa kwemishini kanye nemishini yokuhlunga nokugcina, amathuluzi obuchwepheshe kanye nemigqa yokucutshungulwa kwesikhashana, ukucutshungulwa, ukupakishwa nokugcinwa, okokufaka esiqandisini, ukungena komoya kanye nokulawula isimo sezulu. izinhlelo.
Njengamanje, endaweni yesifunda sasePenza esifundeni saseBelinsky, kwenziwa iphrojekthi enkulu yokwakha isikhungo sezinto zokukhiqiza, ukugcinwa nokudayiswa kwamazambane yi-JSC Bashmakovsky Bread. Isigaba ngasinye sesikhungo se-Logistics siyinkimbinkimbi yokugcina nokulungiswa kwangaphambili kokuthengiswa kwamazambane nemifino enamandla amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15, ehlanganisa izindawo zokugcina eziyisithupha ezinomthamo wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5 lilinye kanye nesakhiwo sobuchwepheshe esixhumayo. kubo - igalari, lapho imigqa yezobuchwepheshe izotholakala khona ukuhlunga nokupakisha.
Isikhwama sembewu
I-Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, etholakala edolobhaneni elisebenzayo laseLunino, isiza ukuhlinzeka ngamapulazi amazambane esifundeni ngezinto zembewu. Lesi sikhungo sisebenze ngempumelelo iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100.
Abasebenzi bakwaPenzNIISH banikeza abathengi imbewu enempilo yezinhlobo ezingama-21 zamazambane. Lolu hlu luhlanganisa izinhlobo zakuqala (Zhukovsky zakuqala, Zhigulevsky, Darenka, Vineta, Penza skorospelka, Utenok, Udacha, Bullfinch); phakathi nesikhathi sokuqala (Svitanok Kyiv, Ramsay, Russian Souvenir, Skazka); maphakathi nesizini (Roko); phakathi nokwephuzile (Lorch).
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo ezifakwe ohlwini, iSante, Valiza, Golubizna, Malinovka, Master, Petersburgsky, Nikulinsky, Tescha, Batya, ubumnandi beBryansk nayo iyatholakala. Zonke izinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukumelana nezifo, kanye nokwethulwa okuhle kakhulu.
Ukuthengisa kokuvuna
Uma sikhuluma ngokudayiswa kwamazambane, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lolu daba olubalulekile luxazululwa nguMnyango Wezolimo wendawo. Imihlangano yokusebenza ibanjwa njalo nabakhiqizi bezolimo kanye nabamele amaketanga okuthengisa. Namuhla kunomphumela: amazambane endawo afikile ezitolo zamaketanga. Lesi yisinyathelo esikhulu kubakhiqizi bendawo kanye nomphumela omuhle wokuhleleka, umsebenzi ophelele kaHulumeni Wesifunda SasePenza.
Esifundeni, kukhona ukwanda kwaminyaka yonke ekusebenzelaneni phakathi kwamabhizinisi okuhweba awo wonke amafomethi kanye nabakhiqizi bezimpahla zePenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango Wezolimo ucwaninga ngodaba lokudala “amakhona womlimi” emaketangeni okuthengisa, azokwethula imikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo evela kubakhiqizi bendawo ngamanani angabizi, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, “kusuka engadini kuya ekhawulweni.”
Ukuthengiswa kwamazambane ePenza kwesitshalo esisha, akhule esifundeni sasePenza, kwaqala ezitolo ze-Trade Union "Isitolo sesifunda sami". Banelisekile ngezinga lamazambane futhi babheke phambili ekuqhubekiseni ukubambisana okunezithelo. Ezitolo, amazambane athengiswa ngentengo yama-ruble ayi-12. 90 ama-kopecks kwe 1kg.
Singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi isifunda sasePenza siyakwazi ukuhlinzeka abantu besifunda ngamazambane asezingeni eliphakeme; ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamathuba angempela okuhlinzeka ngezitshalo ezisele kulo lonke elaseRussia.
Namuhla, ngokucabangela izimo zemakethe yezombangazwe nezomnotho zamanje, singasho ukuthi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zezomnotho ezethulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikeleka kombuso zihloselwe ukuvikela izithakazelo zezwe, kuhlanganise nezithakazelo zokudla. Izijeziso ezibekiwe zizoba nomthelela omuhle kubakhiqizi bezolimo. Kule minyaka edlule, inxanxathela yethu yezimboni zezolimo ibikhombisa ukukhula okunamandla ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yokudla yezolimo; amathuba amasha, okokuqala, azovulelwa abakhiqizi bezolimo basekhaya, okuhlanganisa nePenza; imakethe yokudla izogcwaliswa ngokusha kwethu. , imikhiqizo yokudla ephezulu, okuyinto, njengoba iphethini yokusetshenziswa ibonisa, izakhamuzi zethu zingcono kakhulu kunezangaphandle.
Lokhu kulungiselelwe ngokusebenza kwabezindaba eMnyangweni Wezolimo wesiFunda sasePenza