Kusuka kumagazini: No. 4 2016
Isigaba: Ukuxhumana kochwepheshe
Vadim Kuvshinov, umqondisi we-Agrosave LLC
Ngokwezibalo, ukukhiqizwa kwezaqathe eRussia kuye kwanda kakhulu eminyakeni emibili edlule. Izizathu zokunakwa okwengeziwe komkhiqizo ovela kubakhiqizi bezolimo zicacile: izaqathe ziyisitshalo sezimpande ezibiza kakhulu (uma siqhathaniswa namazambane) hhayi njengoba zisabalele. Uma kunemakethe yokuthengisa eqinisekisiwe, "iphrojekthi yesanqante" ingaba nenzuzo kakhulu, futhi zonke izimali ezitshaliwe zizokhokha ngesizini eyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela. Yiqiniso, uma nje ukuqaliswa kwayo kuzokwenziwa ochwepheshe futhi akukho amaphutha amakhulu azokwenziwa ekuqaleni, kufaka phakathi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kanye nemishini yendawo yokugcina izinto.
Isitoreji ngokwemithetho
Akunangqondo ukucabangela zonke izinhlobo zezindawo zokugcina ezisetshenziswa eRussia ukugcina izaqathi. Ungathola izimo lapho izaqathe zibekwe ekamelweni elifanayo namazambane embewu (izinga lokushisa lokugcina lihluka ngamadigri ambalwa nje), futhi ngezinye izikhathi agcinwa ngobuningi kanye namazambane nama-beet. Kungase kube nezinketho eziningi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi zonke izindlela zobuciko zamukelekile kuphela esigabeni sokuqala futhi isikhathi esilinganiselwe kakhulu: izinyanga ezingu-2-3. Ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aseduze okugcina, ukhiye yizinga lokupholisa; kumazambane angama-0,5 degrees ngosuku, kanti izaqathi zingadlula ama-degree angama-20 ngosuku.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi izaqathe zigcinwa kangcono ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla eziqandisiwe (ukushisa okufanelekile: 0 ° - 0,5 °), ezitsheni, ezingeni elinomswakama oqhubekayo (cishe ama-95%), ngokufaka umoya omncane womoya kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga le-CO2. Eqinisweni, akuwona wonke umuntu okwaziyo ukuhlela umbuso onjalo wemikhiqizo - ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene.
Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi ukusebenzisa iphrojekthi yokwakha kanye nokuhlomisa indawo yokugcina izaqathi ye-turnkey kuwumsebenzi obiza kakhulu.
Ukubala imali
Kusho ukuthini ukubiza kulo mongo? Ukuklama nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sohlaka (njengoba sikhuluma ngokugcinwa kwesitsha kanye negumbi lesiqandisi), okuzodingeka lihlangabezane nezidingo ezidingekayo zokushisa okushisayo. Ukunikezwa kukagesi (okungenani 400 kW endaweni isilinganiso), ukuthenga iziqukathi ngokhuni umoya omncane (izitsha eziyizinkulungwane 4, ngokwesilinganiso, izobiza ruble ayizigidi ezingu-10). Ukuhlomisa ngemishini yesimanje - 0,5 million euros. Izindleko zesikhungo sonke (ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-3 wemikhiqizo) zingama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-100.
Kungenzeka yini ukunciphisa izindleko? Yebo, yebo, indlela enengqondo iyisisekelo sempumelelo, kodwa kukhona amaphuzu lapho akufanele neze weqe.
I-Avaricious ikhokha kabili
Imvamisa, lapho kucutshungulwa izipesheli zezentengiselwano ezivela ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene, ikhasimende elingase lizame ukukhetha inketho enenzuzo kakhulu (njengoba kubonakala ekuqaleni) kuye, ngaphandle kokufunda imininingwane futhi ngaphandle kokuhlolisisa ukuthi ukugcinwa kwafinyelelwa kanjani. Futhi uwela ogibeni, noma ngisho nabaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ake sibheke ezijwayelekile kakhulu.
Amandla wemishini yesiqandisi. Ngokusho kobuchwepheshe, lonke iqoqo lezaqathi ezimbiwe kufanele zipholiswe ku-0 ° phakathi namahora angu-XNUMX.
Kwa-Israyeli, ngenxa yoshintsho olubukhali kangaka lokushisa, indlela yokugeza ebandayo isetshenziswa, lapho imikhiqizo icwiliswa ezitsheni ezinamanzi e-ice-cold artesian. Ezweni lakithi, ngenxa yezici zesimo sezulu, le ndlela ayizange ithathe izimpande, futhi inkinga ixazululwa ngokusebenzisa iyunithi yesiqandisi, kodwa impumelelo itholakala kuphela uma amandla emishini ehambisana nomthamo wemikhiqizo efrijini. Ngibone izibonelo lapho amafriji athengwa khona “kancane kancane” ngenxa yokuthi ayeshibhile futhi asize ukunciphisa izindleko zamandla nezindleko zokusebenza. Ngenxa yalokho, izakhiwo ezinkulu ezinhle kakhulu azizange zifeze umsebenzi wazo: imishini ayikwazanga ukugcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo, izaqathe azizange zigcinwe.
Isistimu ye-Humidification. Ezimweni zomswakama ophansi (okujwayelekile kwamakamelo angenawo umoya ovela emgwaqweni), izitshalo zezimpande ziqala ukulahlekelwa umswakama ngokushesha, ngakho-ke isethulo nesisindo sazo. Amasistimu omswakama asiza ukugwema lokhu. Kodwa imishini "yesigaba somnotho" ine-drawback ephawulekayo, ebonakala ngokushesha lapho isetshenziswa esiqandisini: amanzi aqala ukuqhwa emapayipini nasezimbotsheni, kanye namafomu eqhwa. Kunzima ukubhekana nalokhu; uma amapayipi angafakwa ngokwethiyori, akucaci ukuthi afakwa kanjani imibhobho emincane.
isiphetho CO2. Lolu wudaba oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi oluyimpikiswano. Njengoba wazi, ngesikhathi sokugcina, imifino yezimpande ikhipha i-carbon dioxide. Lapho kune-carbon dioxide eningi emoyeni kunomoya-mpilo, izaqathi ziqala ukonakala. Kusobala ukuthi ukugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide kufanele kuqashelwe futhi kuncishiswe njalo. Kodwa indawo yokugcina impahla efrijini iyigumbi elivaliwe lapho kungenakwenzeka khona "ukusika" izimbobo zokungenisa umoya ngaphandle: ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kwenzeke ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifunayo ekamelweni. Kunezinketho ezimbalwa zezixazululo zochwepheshe zenkinga yegesi emakethe, kodwa zonke zibiza kakhulu. Abanikazi besitoreji, abafuni ukufaka izindleko ezengeziwe, bavame ukuxazulula inkinga ngokusebenzisa izindlela zesabelomali: isibonelo, ngokudala ama-valve okukhipha amandla ngokufinyelela emaphasishi noma ezindaweni zamahhovisi. Eqinisweni, lokhu akuphumelelanga kakhulu, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi akekho ofuna ukwanda kwezinga le-carbon dioxide ezakhiweni zamahhovisi.
Isikhathi
Lapho uhlela iphrojekthi engathi sína yokwakha nokuhlomisa indawo yokugcina imifino, ikhasimende akumele libe nemali kuphela, kodwa futhi nesikhathi. Yonke imisebenzi ehlobene nokuklama nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, ukufakwa kwezokuxhumana, izibalo, ukulethwa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemishini kuthatha izinyanga. Lesi sikhathi singanwetshwa ngenxa yezinhlekelele zemvelo (kunzima kakhulu ukwakha ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwentwasahlobo noma izimvula ezinde), izinkinga kumasiko nezinye izinkinga.
Uma umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo empeleni waqala ekupheleni kukaMeyi, kunethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokuthi ekuqaleni kokuvuna indawo yokugcina ngeke ilungele ukuthola imikhiqizo, ngisho nokucabangela iqiniso lokuthi izaqathe ziqala ukuba. eqoqwe phakathi no-September.
Ukukhetha usonkontileka
Kuneziphakamiso eziningi emakethe zokwakhiwa kanye nemishini yezindawo zokugcina imifino. Kodwa ikhasimende kufanele, kusukela ekuqaleni, lizinqumele ukuthi yini elifuna ukuyithola: iphrojekthi eshibhile noma indawo yokugcina ephumelelayo, yonge imali manje noma yonge imali eningi, izinzwa kanye nemikhiqizo kamuva. Kunzima kakhulu futhi isikhathi esiningi akwenzeki ukulungisa lokho okwenziwe yizimfundamakhwela.
Ukuzikhethela kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvuna labo asebevele benolwazi ekusebenziseni amaphrojekthi aphumelelayo, abakulungele ukusiza ekulungiseni amaphutha kanye nemishini yokusebenza futhi abesabi ukuthatha ingxenye yomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphepha kwemikhiqizo.
Izindleko ezijwayelekile zezaqathi emakethe ye-wholesale kusukela ekwindla kuya entwasahlobo zisukela kuma-ruble ayi-15 kuye kwangama-50. Ngisho neminyaka emihle, igcina inani eliphezulu futhi inikeza inzuzo kulabo abakwaziyo ukukhula futhi ikakhulukazi kulabo abakwazi ukugcina isivuno kahle. Ngisho kucatshangelwa izindleko ezishiwo kakhulu ngenhla.