Kusuka kumagazini: No. 4 2016
Isigaba: Umlando
Wake wacabanga ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bushintsha ngokushesha kangakanani? Konke esikwethula emakhasini omagazini njengemikhiqizo emisha kushintshwa ngokoqobo amamodeli athuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa, bese inyamalala ngokuphelele emlandweni.
Namuhla sinethuba lokubona ukuthi izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini yezolimo zazibukeka kanjani cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu nengxenye edlule, ngokuphenya amakhasi encwadi kasosayensi odumile waseRussia kanye nesazi sezolimo namahlathi uValerian Vasilyevich Chernyaev “Imishini Nemishini Yezolimo. Dizayina, ukukhetha nokubanakekela." Incwadi yanyatheliswa ngo-1875.
Le ncwadi isitshela ngendlela efinyelelekayo mayelana nesakhiwo semishini nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, imithetho yokuyinakekela, kanye nemibandela yokukhethwa. Futhi uma imishini ngokwayo, eyenziwe ngokhuni nensimbi, ihluke ngokuphawulekayo kweyesimanje, khona-ke iseluleko esithile sibhalwa njengokungathi silotshiwe namuhla (izincwadi zasendulo kuphela ezisikhumbuza ukuthi akunjalo).
Mayelana nengunaphakade
“Ngibonise igeja lakho noma imoto yakho, ngizokutshela ukuthi uyingcweti enjani,” kusho isaga sesiJalimane. Kukangaki umshini ungasebenzi ngenxa nje yokuthi umnikazi akazi ukuthi uwufaka kanjani ngendlela efanele! Kukangaki imishini iphuka noma iguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuhlangana nokufakwa okungafanele.
Akufanele neze uthenge umshini ngoba nje usebenza ngempumelelo kwamanye amapulazi noma kumakhelwane. Lapho uthenga umshini, kufanele uqale ucabangele izimo zendawo, njengokuthi: izakhiwo zenhlabathi, izinga lesinkwa, inani lomsebenzi okufanele umshini ukhiqize, izindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, kanye nenzuzo. wezindleko zepulazi.
Lapho uthenga izimoto, umnikazi akufanele ashaye indiva ekuthengeni izingxenye eziyisipele. Awekho futhi awakwazi ukuba nemishini engakwazi ukuphuka. Njengoba kunezingxenye esitokweni, umnikazi uhlala evikelekile ekumisweni komsebenzi.
Sivame ukuzwa izikhalo zokuthi umshini o-odiwe wephuzile, isibonelo, kwatholwa inhlanyelo ukuze ivunwe, noma umshini wokuvuna wamukelwe wokubhula. Lokhu kuyenzeka kwesinye isikhathi ngoba umnikazi we-oda lakhe wayephuzile, nesitolo sezimoto, engafuni ukuphuthelwa yi-oda, walamukela ngethemba lokuthi imoto izofika ngesikhathi isuka phesheya.
I-Technique
Ukubhola imbewu
Ukuze ulawule umhlwanyeli, udinga: umfana noma intombazane ehola amahhashi, isisebenzi esilawula ingaphambili, kanye nesisebenzi sesibili esiqapha ukusebenza komshini, okungukuthi, ukuqhubeka kommbewu, ukugeleza kokusanhlamvu, kanye ama-coulters.
Umlimi wamazambane nguJames Cultas
Iqukethe ibhokisi emasondweni amabili agijimayo, elinomshini ngemuva wokuphonsa amazambane emiseleni.
Kohlman futhi Morton amazambane digger
Yakhiwe ngohlaka lwensimbi oluqinile olunamasondo amabili ngaphambili nezibambo ezimbili ngemuva. I-hiller ixhunywe kuhlaka ngemuva kwamasondo. Ngemuva kwe-hiller kunesondo elilodwa elinobubanzi obukhulu, onqenqemeni lwalo iminwe yensimbi ixhunywe ngendlela enyakazayo, yakhe i-engeli ebukhali emaphethelweni werimu.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, amasondo angaphambili akhuphuka, khona-ke umshini, usujule ekujuleni okudingekayo, uphakamisa futhi uphendule inhlabathi nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ezinhlangothini zombili nge-hiller, bese kuthi ukulahla okulandelayo kubonakale kuzithatha; Ama-tubers aphendulelwa ngaphandle kusetshenziswa isondo elijikelezayo.
Umshini wokusabalalisa umanyolo we-Chambers system
Iqukethe ibhokisi okuthelwa kulo umanyolo wamaminerali. Phansi kwebhokisi kukhona igridi enyakazayo enyakazisa umanyolo. Kule ngxenye, umanyolo uthathwa idivayisi yokukhipha. Umanyolo ungena ebhodini lokusabalalisa bese usakazwa ensimini.
Isikuta sikaHoward
Izinzuzo zalesi simiso zimele ikakhulukazi enanini elincane lezinceku kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-scooter, okusebenza ukuthutha izesekeli ze-steam plough kusuka ensimini kuya endaweni.
Amagama ambalwa mayelana nokukhiqiza kwezabasebenzi
Le ncwadi iqukethe imininingwane eminingi esebenzayo, futhi phakathi kwemigqa kulula ukufunda ngezimo lapho inqwaba yabantu baseRussia abampofu babehlala khona nokuthi yiziphi izindleko ezifinyelelwe isivuno.
Ukukhulisa insimu
Ngegeja lehhashi elilodwa, nesisebenzi esisodwa, ngokujula kwemisele engu-2 ½ - 3 nobubanzi obuyi-4-5 vershok (imisele engu-10-12 ngefathom ngayinye), ungakwazi ukuphakamisa kusuka ku-1/3 kuya ku-2/5 i-dessiatine.
Igeja lamahhashi amabili, elinesisebenzi esisodwa, elinemisele engamasentimitha angu-6-7 ukujula (imisele engu-7-8 ngefathom ngayinye) enhlabathini: esindayo - kusuka ku-2/5 kuya ku-½ i-dessiatine; okuphakathi nokulula - kusuka ku-½ kuye ku-2/5.
Ukukhiqiza kwegeja noma inyamazane yenyamazane kungaphezudlwana kwegeja lehhashi elilodwa.
Umuntu olima isitimu angalima ngokuphindwe kabili kunegeja. Kodwa uzodinga: abashayeli ababili nezitokofela ezimbili, umlimi nabasizi ababili, izisebenzi ezimbili zokuthutha amanzi kanye ezimbili zokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli, ezimbili zokuhlela kabusha amabhulokhi asekelayo; kusuka nje Izinceku eziyi-10 kuye kweziyi-14. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli cishe amakhilogremu angama-20 wamalahle ngokweshumi.
Ukusabalala kukamanyolo
Isisebenzi esisodwa singahlakaza ubulongwe obubolile ngokuphelele obusuka ku-15 kuya kwezingu-20 ezinqoleni zamafasitela e-steam, hhayi ukubola ngokuphelele (utshani) ubulongwe - kusuka ezinqoleni eziyi-12 kuye kweziyi-14, kanye nobulongwe obusha - kufika ezinqoleni eziyi-10. Isisebenzi esisodwa singasakaza umanyolo wamaminerali ukusuka ku-7 ½ kuya ku-8 quarter. Ngomshini wefasitela elinomusi, onobubanzi obungamakhilogremu angu-6, isisebenzi esisodwa nomfana oyedwa, ama-dessiatines angu-3 ½ kuya kwangu-4 ahlakazekile.
Ukufika
Owesifazane oyedwa angatshala cishe u-¼ we-dessiatine namazambane (ngaphansi kwegeja), cishe i-1/8 ye-dessiatine (ama-square fathom angama-300) enembewu yebhithi, kanye namamitha-skwele angaba ngu-230 nezithombo zeklabishi. amafathomu.
Ukumba
Ukumba amazambane ku-dessiatine eyodwa kudinga abantu abangama-40 kuye kwangama-45; ukuvuna ama-beet (ukumba, ukuthena nokudiliza) - kusuka kubantu abangama-30 kuye kwangama-35.
Owesifazane oyedwa, ngemuva kokumba amazambane ngegeja noma enye into, angakhetha amazambane aphakathi nendawo, enesivuno esihle - kusuka kumakota ama-3 kuye kwamane, ngesivuno esijwayelekile - kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-2, ngesivuno esibi - kusuka ku-3 ½. ku-1 amakota.
Nge-digger yamazambane, enamahhashi ambalwa, isisebenzi esisodwa, abesifazane abangu-12-15, ungakwazi ukumba ama-tubers ku-2/3-1 dessiatine; i-potato digger yedivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi, nesisebenzi esisodwa, umfana, inani elifanayo labesifazane namahhashi angu-4, ku-1-1 ½ dessiatinas.
Ngiyazibuza ukuthi inzalo yethu izoyihlola kanjani impumelelo yobunjiniyela bezolimo besimanje ngemva kwekhulu nesigamu?
Abahleli bangathanda ukubonga unjiniyela omkhulu we-Agrotrade Company, u-Sergei Ariskin, ngethuba lokuthinta umlando nokusiza ekulungiseleleni indaba.