Inani labantu: abantu abangama-618703, okungabalelwa ku-30% abahlala emaphandleni.
Isikhundla sendawo: lesi sifunda sisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yengxenye yezwe laseYurophu, siyingxenye yesifunda saseNorth-West Federal.
Isimo sezulu: Izwekazi elinomoya opholile, eliseduze nemanzini. I-hydration ngokweqile, intwasahlobo ebandayo ebandayo, ihlobo elingashisi, ikwindla efudumele ende, ubusika obumnene bukhona. Ebusika, isimo sezulu esinamafu esinama-thaws avamile siyasungulwa esifundeni. Ehlobo, kuvame ukuna, ikakhulukazi isikhashana (ngenyanga izinsuku eziyi-12 kuya kwezine ezinetha). Ekwindla, isimo sezulu esinamafu siba nenkungu ende (izinsuku eziyi-17-12 ngenyanga), imvula ikakhulukazi ngesimo semvula ende eshisayo, ngoNovemba kaningi ngesimo seqhwa esimanzi.
Isilinganiso sokushisa somoya sonyaka ngu- + 4,9 ° С. Umswakama ophakeme kakhulu ugcinwa ngesikhathi ekwindla nasebusika, ngoNovemba-Disemba ufinyelela kuma-88%. Isikhathi esilinganiselwe seqhwa lokugcina entwasahlobo nguMeyi 18, iqhwa lokuqala ekwindla nguSepthemba 18. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sesikhathi esingenamakhaza izinsuku eziyi-143.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula (izinsuku eziyi-175), ukuwa kwezulu okungama-400-430 mm (ama-60% ejwayelekile yonyaka). Ihlobo (isikhathi esisuka ku-t ngenhla + 10 ° С) sihlala izinsuku eziyi-140. Isembozo seqhwa esizinzile sisungulwa maphakathi noDisemba (usuku lokuqala nguNovemba 11) futhi sihlala izinsuku eziyi-110-120.
Impumuzo. Ngasentshonalanga yesifunda kukhona indawo eyindilinga ephakeme ye-Priilmen low, ukuphakama kwawo kungadluli kuma-60-70 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Empumalanga kuneValdai Upland enezimpiko ngazinye ezinokuphakama okuphelele okufika kumamitha angama-300. Zombili lezi zingxenye zihlukaniswe izigaba ezihlukile ezinefomu lokusiza elincane. Lokhu kuvezwa ikakhulu ngaphakathi kweValdai Upland.
Inhlabathi. Inhlabathi yeSodom-podzolic inamandla esifundeni, esivame ukufakwa amanzi ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Izici zabo ezihlukanisayo zingamandla aphansi we-arable Horon, i-acidity eyandayo, okuqukethwe okuphansi kwezakhi zomzimba nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-humus.
Indawo yomhlaba wezolimo: 703,3 izinkulungwane zamahektha.
Isifunda saseNovgorod ngomunye wabaholi esifundeni saseNorthwestern Federal ekukhiqizeni amazambane. Ukuthuthukiswa kwale ndawo kwenziwa lula inhlabathi ekahle kanye nezimo zezulu kanye nokuba seduze kwezimakethe zokuthengisa ezinamandla. Ukukhula kwamazambane kubhekwa njengesiqondiso esinenzuzo enkulu embonini ekhulayo yezitshalo. Inzuzo isukela ku-25 kuye ku-45%. Ngokwemvelo, ivolumu yokukhiqizwa kwamazambane athengiswayo ikhula njalo ngonyaka. Ake sikukhumbuze ukuthi ngonyaka we-2000 kwakutshalwa kuphela amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-160-180 "wesinkwa sesibili" esifundeni saseNovgorod. Ngo-2015, abakhiqizi bezolimo bakhiqize ngaphezu kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-368 amazambane, okungamaphesenti angama-20 ngaphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphumela yonyaka odlule (kufaka phakathi isivuno esikhulu sezinhlangano zezolimo sikhuphuke ngama-87%, emapulazini abalimi - ngo-85%). Ngakho-ke, kumuntu ngamunye ohlala esifundeni saseNovgorod kulo nyaka kukhona ama-595 kg amazambane ngesilinganiso sama-95 kg.
Ngokuvamile, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane eminyakeni emihlanu edlule kukhule amahlandla ayi-1,7.
Ekuthuthukisweni okusebenzayo kwezolimo kanye nokukhulisa ukuzinza kwezezimali kwabakhiqizi bezolimo, ukuxhaswa kombuso kuyadingeka. Izinyathelo zokusekelwa okunjalo zinikezwe ohlakeni lohlelo lwesifunda lwezwe "Ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yezimboni yezolimo yezolimo yaseNovgorod yangonyaka we-2014 ukuya ku-2020 kanye nohlelo lomnyango oluhlosiwe" Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwamazambane kanye nokwakhiwa kwezikhungo zamandla (zokuthengisa nokuthengisa) izikhungo zokulondolozwa, ukulungiswa kwangaphambili nokuthengiswa kwamazambane, imifino nezithelo Isifunda saseNovgorod sowezi-2014 kuya ku-2016. " Ngaphansi kwalezi zinhlelo, abakhiqizi bezolimo bakulesi sifunda bathola uxhaso lokuthenga nokukhiqiza imbewu yamazambane, ukuthengwa kwemishini yokugcina izinto, ukulungiswa kwangaphambili nokuthengiswa kwamazambane, imifino nezithelo.
Amapulazi amazambane
Kulesi sifunda, kudingeka izimfanelo ezidingekayo zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane asezingeni eliphakeme .. Amapulazi abampofu ase-Ivan Geletey, uSergey Yakovlev ovela esifundeni saseBorovichi akhombisa imiphumela emihle; U-Anatoly Lipatov, uDenis Pavlyuk, u-Ivan Piraev ovela esifundeni saseNovgorod. Ukukhiqiza kuzo kufinyelela ku-500 kg / ha.
Amanani aphezulu okutshala amazambane nawo ayatholakala minyaka yonke emapulazini aseVladimir Kondranin, e-Arbi Kadyrov avela eSifundeni saseShimsky, Nikolai Kolesnikov waseSoletsky District. Ukukhiqiza kulamabhizinisi kumiselwe ezingeni lama-250-280 kg / ha.
Amaphrojekthi amasha wokukhiqizwa kwamazambane emazweni asanda kwethulwa nawo ayenziwa esifundeni. Esifundeni iVolotovsky, iNovgorod Potato System LLC ithele amahektha ayi-100 amazambane kulo nyaka, ngesivuno esingu-300 c / ha. Ngonyaka olandelayo, inkampani ihlose ukukhuphula indawo ebanjelwa kuyo ukuze ibe ngamahektha angama-300. Esifundeni saseSoletsky, iBristol LLC itshale ama-460 ha wamazambane, kanti isivuno singama-350 c / ha. Amacebo okukhulisa le ndawo abe ngamahektha ayi-1200. Lapho sifinyelela umthamo wokuqamba, umthamo wokukhiqiza amazambane uzoba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-163.
Ingqalasizinda
Ukulondolozwa, ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kokuthengiswa nokuthengiswa kwamazambane esifundeni, sekwakhiwe izikhungo ezintathu (ezintathu eNovgorod neyodwa ezifundeni zaseBorovichi), ezingadlula kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-45 amazambane. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sinikeze abantu besifunda ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme unyaka nonyaka, sinikeze amazambane amasha kwizitolo ezitolo futhi siwathengise ngaphandle kwesifunda, okunomphumela omuhle ekungeneni komkhiqizi. Ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, kuzobe sekubhakiwe izimbiza ezintsha zamazambane ezinendawo yokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5,1 esifundeni. Ngo-2016, kuhlelwe ukuthi kwakhiwe ezinye izimbiza zamazambane ezimbili ezifundeni zaseSolets naseShim ezinendawo yokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30.
Ukukhiqiza imbewu
Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwamazambane akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwempahla esezingeni eliphezulu yembewu. Esifundeni saseNovgorod, sekusungulwe amapulazi amazambane ezinhlanu.
Manje amabhizinisi athuthukisa ngenkuthalo. Kulonyaka, indawo engaphansi kokutshala amazambane abolile yanda ngo-8% (ngokuqhathaniswa nezinga le-2014).
Kuhlelwa ukuthi la mapulazi akhiqize amathani angaphezu kwamawaka ayisishiyagalombili embewu yamazambane ebunjiwe yokuzala ephezulu. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukwakhiwa kwelabhoratri yembewu yamazambane engenagciwane.
Ozimele
Izikhungo ezintathu zemfundo ephakeme yesibili yephrofayili yezolimo kanye ne-Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources yeNovSU zisebenza ngempumelelo esifundeni saseNovgorod. Banikeza isifunda ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Minyaka yonke lezi zikhungo zemfundo ziklomelisa amadiploma kochwepheshe abangaba ngu-400 bezemfundo yamabanga aphezulu kanye nochwepheshe abangama-50 bemfundo ephakeme yezandla, iningi labaphothule iziqu zabo baqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo yobungcweti emabhizinisini ahamba phambili ezolimo esifundeni.
Amathemba
Inhloso enkulu yesifunda emkhakheni wezolimo ukufinyelela ukunikezwa okugcwele kwabahlali ngemikhiqizo yokudla ekhiqizwa ezweni laseNovgorod. Mayelana nalokhu, umkhombandlela okhula amazambane ungasebenza njengesibonelo sabo bonke abanye. Isifunda sesivele sanele ngokuphelele kumazambane namuhla. Ngonyaka ozayo kuhlelwe ukuthi kukhiqizwe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-400 amazambane, futhi kunokuqiniseka ukuthi lo msebenzi ungokoqobo futhi ungaxazululeka impela.
Kulesi sifunda kuneziphakamiso ezindaweni zokutshala imali zokuthuthukisa izindawo ezahlukahlukene, ezinye zazo sezivele zifuneka ngenxa yesimo sezulu esihle sokutshala imali esakhiwe esifundeni.
Abahleli babonga uMnyango wezoLimo nokudla wesiFunda seNovgorod ngokulungiselela lokhu.