U-Roman Viklenko, isazi sezolimo esiyinhloko epulazini laseKirby, eRiphabhulikhi yaseKyrgyzstan
Insimu yaseKyrgyzstan ingamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-20, lapho amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-10,6 angumhlaba wokulima, kufaka phakathi amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-1,2 omhlaba olimekayo onendawo yonke eniselwayo engamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-0,8.
Iningi labantu (ngaphezu kwama-60%) lihlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, futhi izinga lokuphila ezweni lincike kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo.
Isimo sezulu sengxenye eyinhloko yezwe yizwekazi elibukhali, ehlobo elishisayo kakhulu nobusika obubandayo. Ezindaweni zokulima ezigodini, ehlobo izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphukela ku-45-48 °C, ebusika ngezinye izikhathi lehla ngaphansi kuka-30 °C ngekhava elincane leqhwa, kanti izinga lokushisa ebusuku livamise ukuba ngu-12-15 °C ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lasemini.
Isamba semvula esiyisilinganiso sonyaka asidluli ku-500 mm, siyahluka phakathi neminyaka nezifunda ezinobuningi bemvula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Okuhlukile kuleveli yemvula kusezindaweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi indawo yezolimo yesigodi sase-Issyk-Kul - ngenxa yethonya lechibi lentaba eliphakeme i-Issyk-Kul.
Izimo zemvelo nezimo zezulu ze-republic zivuna ukutshalwa kwezitshalo eziningi zezolimo, kuhlanganise cishe yonke imifino. Amazambane atshalwa cishe yonke indawo e-republic.
Umlando wokukhula kwamazambane ezweni ubuyela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu.
Cishe, amazambane afika eKyrgyzstan engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, kodwa awazange asakazeke ngokushesha: ukudla kwezakhamuzi zezwe ngaleso sikhathi kwakubuswa imikhiqizo yezilwane (okuyinto evamile kubantu abayimizulane). Ukuthandwa kwamazambane kwaqala ukukhula ezikhathini zaseSoviet, futhi ukunakwa okuphezulu kwesitshalo kwaqala ukukhokhwa ngawo-90s, lapho i-republic izimele. Kusukela ngo-1992, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane kucishe kwaphindeka kane, kusukela kumathani angama-360 kuya kurekhodi lamathani ayizigidi eziyi-000 ngo-1,36 (FAO 2007).
Namuhla, ukuthuthukiswa kokulima amazambane eKyrgyzstan kuthikamezwa ukuntuleka kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zembewu, izinhlobo ezikhiqizayo, izinto zokusebenza kanye nobuchwepheshe. Cishe awekho amafekthri okucubungula amazambane, ngakho-ke amanani emakethe omkhiqizo azinzile kakhulu.
Ngokombono wenhlangano, ezolimo eRiphabhulikhi yaseKyrgyz okwamanje zibonakala ngokudlanga kwamapulazi amancane azimele avela ngenxa yokwenziwa kwangasese komhlaba kanye nempahla yamapulazi ahlangene nawombuso. Abalimi abaningi abanazo izinsiza zezimali ezidingekayo ukuze benze imisebenzi ephumelelayo. Umphumela oqondile walokhu wukukhiqiza kancane kwabasebenzi, isabelo esikhulu sezindleko ezingaguquki, ubungozi obukhulu bokukhiqiza, imali engenayo engazinzile kanye nencane ekukhiqizeni izitshalo.
Kodwa kukhona namapulazi anesipiliyoni seminyaka eminingi emsebenzini oyimpumelelo. Njengoba kuphawulwe u-Uralbek Nogoibaev, uMqondisi Jikelele we-Eurasia Group Kyrgyzstan (inkampani inikeza imishini yezolimo evela kuJohn Deere, JCB, GRIMME, Väderstad, njll. kuya eKyrgyzstan), ukuthuthukiswa kwabo okusebenzayo kubangelwa kakhulu ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe besimanje.
Ipulazi labalimi "Kirby"
I-Chui (isifunda sase-Alamedinsky) kanye nezifunda ze-Issyk-Kul (isifunda saseTyupsky)
Ibhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke elikhulayo lamazambane kanye nokucubungula amazambane eRiphabhulikhi
Le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-1997 e-Bishkek. Igama elithi "Kirby" livele ngenxa yokwengeza amagama athi "Kyrgyzstan" kanye "Bishkek".
Indawo yokuqala yomsebenzi kwakuwukucubungula amazambane: inkampani yethula umugqa wokukhiqiza ama-chips. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, inkampani nayo yaqala ukukhiqiza izinto ezingavuthiwe, yase yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zayo.
Manje u-KH "Kirby" uyinkampani ehamba phambili e-Kyrgyz Republic ekukhiqizeni ama-chips. Imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngaphansi kophawu lwentengiso lwe-PIR.
Ngaphezu kwamazambane, ipulazi litshala ukolweni wasebusika nowentwasahlobo, ibhali lasebusika nelasentwasahlobo, i-rapeseed yasebusika, ubhekilanga, ubhontshisi wesoya, unyaluthi, futhi lethula i-alfalfa ekujikelezweni kwezitshalo ukuze kukhiqizwe i-haylage nembewu, ne-sainfoin.
Indawo ephelele yokulinywa kwezitshalo zezolimo esifundeni saseChui ingamahektha angama-450; kusuka kumahektha angama-70 kuye kwayi-100 omhlaba olimekayo abelwe amazambane ngonyaka. Esifundeni sase-Issyk-Kul, indawo ephelele ingamahektha angama-310, amahektha angama-35-40 abelwe amazambane.
Emasimini epulazi, ama-chip amazambane ezinhlobo eziphuzile atshalwa kakhulu; izinhlobo zakuqala nazo zikhiqizwa ukuze zicutshungulwe ensimini.
Isivuno esimaphakathi samazambane eminyakeni yamuva nje esifundeni saseChui sisezingeni lika-450 c/ha, isamba sokuvuna singamathani angu-3700. Isivuno esimaphakathi sembewu yamazambane esifundeni sase-Issyk-Kul singama-400-450 c/ha, isamba sesivuno singamathani ayi-1000-1500.
Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu. Ipulazi lithenga imbewu yezigaba ze-"elite" kanye "ne-super-elite" eJalimane futhi lisabalalisa esifundeni saseTyup esifundeni sase-Issyk-Kul. Kusukela ngo-2020, ipulazi belihlola imbewu yamazambane avela eRussia.
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ipulazi lihlela ukuthola isimo sokukhula kwembewu kanye nokutshala imbewu enempilo esezingeni eliphezulu kubalimi bendawo. Inkampani isivele ithatha izinyathelo zokufeza lo mgomo: isibonelo, ngonyaka odlule amazambane amatafula okukhethwa kukaSolana athengwa ukuze asakaze.
I-Technique. Imishini yamasondo kaJohn Deere 6195 M kanye ne-6135 B isetshenziselwa ukutshala amazambane.
Isitoreji. Endaweni yepulazi laseKirby kunezindawo zokugcina amazambane zembewu nokudla amazambane. Amazambane embewu afakwa emabhokisini okugcina ayisithupha esikhathi eside anokupholiswa okusebenzayo, izinga lokushisa eligcinwa kuwo ligcinwa ngaphakathi kuka-3,2-3,8 °C. Isamba sendawo yokugcina imbewu singamathani angama-610. Amabhokisi amane okugcina isikhathi eside abelwe amazambane athengwayo, amabili awo anezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezisebenzayo kanti amabili anezinhlelo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo. Izinga lokushisa lesitoreji ligcinwa phakathi kuka-6-7 °C. Umthamo ophelele wendawo yokugcina amazambane ungamathani angama-2800.
Ngo-2020, endaweni yepulazi laseKirby esifundeni saseTyupsky, kwakhiwa indawo entsha yokugcina amazambane ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zesimanje, futhi kwathengwa imishini yokugcina i-GRIMME kanye ne-SKALS. Indawo yokugcina inamakamelo amabili anamandla angamathani angama-600 lilinye.
Ukunisela. Izifafaza zohlobo lwe-Drum ezivela kumkhiqizo we-Nettuno zifakwe ezindaweni ezitshaliwe epulazini laseKirby. Njengoba kunemvula encane ezweni futhi amazinga okushisa ehlobo awatholakali emashadini, kuyadingeka ukugcina inhlabathi imanzi njalo. Esikhathini esizayo, inkampani ilindele ukushintsha imishini ekhona (edinga umsebenzi omningi ngesikhathi sokusebenza) ngezinhlelo zokuchelela eziyindilinga, ngaleyo ndlela ilindele ukwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokunisela.
Umhlabathi. Ipulazi lisebenza ngendlela ehlelekile ukuthuthukisa umhlabathi. Njalo ngonyaka, izitshalo zomquba oluhlaza zihlwanyelwa emasimini, imbewu yazo etshalwa yibhizinisi ngokwalo. Ubuchwepheshe be-No-till buyavivinywa, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa izinqubo zokuguguleka nokunciphisa izindleko zomsebenzi wezolimo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Kulo nyaka, ipulazi linyusile indawo etshalwe amazambane, ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo sale mikhiqizo.
Siyethemba ukuthi isizini ezayo izoba yimpumelelo kubo bonke abalimi bamazambane base-republic.
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