Izakhamizi zaseKrasnodar ziphakathi kwabokuqala eRussia ukuqala ukutshala amazambane futhi bangabokuqala ukuvuna. Kubukeka sengathi lokhu kufanele kubanikeze izinzuzo ezinkulu zokuncintisana emakethe.
Kodwa-ke, abalimi besifunda abayibeki indima yesitshalo esikhulu kumazambane emapulazini abo, abaniki izindawo ezinkulu futhi abalindele inzuzo ephezulu ngokuthengiswa kwesitshalo. Abalimi baseKuban batshele isibukeli sethu mayelana nezici ezihlukile. yokukhula kwamazambane esifundeni.
UKUKHETHA NGOKWAZI
I-Kuban ibizwa ngokufanelekile ngokuthi i-granary yaseRussia, futhi phakathi kwabalimi lapha awuvamile ukuhlangana nabantu abangahleliwe. Abalimi abajwayelekile baseKrasnodar basebenza emhlabeni impilo yabo yonke, beqhubeka nomsebenzi woyise noyisemkhulu. Njengomthetho, imindeni yonke isebenza emapulazini amancane, futhi abalimi bafundisa amadodana abo ukulima esikoleni.
Inhloko ye-KFH u-Alexander Onoprienko isineminyaka engama-30 itshala amazambane, futhi njalo ngesizini cishe amahektha angama-30-40 abelwe lesi sitshalo epulazini. Ngokusho komlimi ukulima kwemifino yikho okuletha inzuzo enkulu ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokuchelela emasimini. Futhi amazambane anezinzuzo ezengeziwe: angavunwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene (kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sokuvuthwa), futhi ukuvuna akudingi ukudayiswa ngokushesha.
Epulazini Yuri Litvyakov, lapho besebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni imifino, amazambane atshalwa iminyaka engu-12 endaweni engamahektha angu-70 kuya kwangu-100. Isikhulu Inhloko ye-KFH Vyacheslav Litvyakov uthe intshisekelo yabalimi kummeleli weSolanaceae ngokuyinhloko ingenxa yesidingo esizinzile sabathengi. Isiko lenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola kokubili umkhiqizo wakuqala othandwa ngabathengi kanye nomkhiqizo ofanele ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Kulinywa amahektha angamashumi amahlanu anamazambane Vladimir Kulikowanikela iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30 ekulinyweni kwayo. Inhloko ye-KFH iqinisekile ukuthi isiko belilokhu liheha abalimi ithuba lokuthola inzuzo ezinzile. Futhi nakuba eminyakeni yamuva nje inzuzo ingekho phezulu njengakuqala, umlimi ngeke awuyeke umsebenzi okunikelwe kuwo isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Phela, lokhu akuyona nje imali etholwayo, kodwa umsebenzi, ibhizinisi anikela ukuphila kwakhe kulo.
Ku-KFH uVasily Onishchenko iqale ngezindawo ezincane ezingaphansi kwamazambane, okuthe kule minyaka eyi-15 eyedlule yanda yafinyelela cishe kumahektha angama-200. Ngokusho komsunguli womnotho Vitaly Kabalin, ukutshala imifino kudinga indlela ekhethekile kanye nezindleko ezinkulu. Ukuze kube nenhlangano enekhono yebhizinisi, imishini yezolimo ebizayo namayunithi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nemishini yathengwa, kwakhiwa izindawo zokugcina ezineziqandisi. Izimali ezinkulu zaziqondiswe enhlanganweni yokunisela amasimu. Ngemva kokutshala izimali ezinjalo, i-agrarian ngeke isakwazi ukwenqaba ukusebenza ngendlela ekhethiwe.
UKUQINISEKISA KWESIKHATHI
Ngenxa yezimo zezulu, abalimi baseKrasnodar banethuba lokutshala amazambane kabili ngonyaka. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, akuwona wonke umuntu oyisebenzisayo.
umnotho Vasily Onishchenko unyaka ngamunye iqoqa izitshalo ezimbili ezigcwele. Futhi uma entwasahlobo yalo nyaka isivuno emasimini sithatha amahektha angu-114, khona-ke maphakathi no-Okthoba umlimi waqala ukuvuna amazambane aphuzile endaweni engamahektha angu-170. Alexander Onoprienko iphinda ilime amahektha ayi-15-20 kuphela amazambane. Amazambane asemancane aphuzile adayisa kahle. Izinga eliphezulu lezimpahla liheha abathengi, futhi ukuncintisana phakathi kwabathengisi kuncane ekwindla. Kodwa ngenxa yokwehla kwenzuzo, umlimi akasiboni isizathu sokwandisa indawo ngaphansi kwamazambane.
KFH Yuri Litvyakov izivuno ezimbili aziqoqwa minyaka yonke. Isinqumo sokutshala kabusha amazambane senziwa ngokuya ngezidingo zokushintshwa kwezitshalo kanye nemikhuba yemakethe. Kule sizini, isivuno sesibili esivela endaweni engamahektha angama-20 sihlelelwe ukuphela kuka-Okthoba-ekuqaleni kukaNovemba.
Vladimir Kulik kuze kube manje inesitshalo samazambane esisodwa kuphela. Kulula ukukhulisa umkhiqizo walabo balimi abanomndeni omkhulu kanye nezingane ezindala, noma abanezisebenzi. Futhi lapha ingxenye eyinhloko yomsebenzi epulazini yenziwa umlimi ngokwakhe nomkakhe. Inhloko yepulazi labalimi yazinqumela indawo ethile emakethe, yabeka ukubheja ekulinyweni kwamazambane okuqala. Isivuno sonke ngamaqoqo angamathani angama-60-100 sithengiswa ngokuqondile ensimini ngoJulayi, lapho inani lokuthengisa lisephezulu.
Okwamanje, eKuban, okuthandwayo kunikezwa izinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe ezizibonakalise kahle endaweni yesifunda.
Epulazini Vyacheslav Litvyakov iminyaka eminingana ilandelana, iColomba neRed Scarlett ehlolwe isikhathi yakhuliswa. Kule nkathi, ngokokuqala ngqa, bazame ukutshala amazambane ase-Arizona, nawo abonisa imiphumela ehloniphekile.
Vitaly Kabalin uthe inkampani yakhe ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwayo ikwazile ukuhlonza inqwaba yezinhlobo ezikhombisa izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu esikhathini esithile. Isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Colomba ne-Riviera zikhethwa ekutshalweni kokuqala, futhi i-Vega, i-Gala ne-Red Fantasy ikhethwa okwesibili.
Ngokuvumelana ne Vladimir Kulik, i-Colomba isibe yizinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezolimo eningizimu yeRussia namuhla. I-Red Scarlett iphakathi kwabaholi, kodwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu njalo noma ngenxa yekhwalithi embi yembewu engena esifundeni, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zilahlekelwa isikhundla sazo kancane kancane.
Alexander Onoprienko waphawula ukuthi izinhlobo eziphuzile zamazambane azidumile eKuban. Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu, okujwayelekile esifundeni, kunomphumela ocindezelayo kubo, kubavimbela ekutholeni isivuno esigcwele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni kokuvuna, amanani ale mikhiqizo ehla, okwenza ukukhiqiza kungabi nanzuzo. Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo ezimhlophe, umlimi utshala i-Colomba ne-Riviera. Amazambane abomvu, amnyama ezindaweni ezishisayo, ashiywe lapha.
UKUHLANGABEZANA KWENTENGO
Ngokusho U-Alexandra Onoprienko, lapho uvuna endaweni engamahektha angama-50, kusuka kwangama-20 kuphela, amazambane athengiswa ngentengo eqinisekisa okungenani inzuzo ethile. Khona-ke imikhiqizo iba eshibhile, futhi inzuzo iba cishe zero. Izindleko zesiko zikhula njalo, kufaka phakathi ngenxa yezinto ezibizayo zembewu. Wonke amathemba omlimi awenani elifanelekile lemikhiqizo yabo, kodwa ngo-2022 ayengahloselwe ukugcwaliseka. Ingxenye eyinhloko yesivuno sepulazi yahamba ngama-ruble angu-13 ngekhilogremu, futhi ezimakethe zaseMoscow zathengiswa izikhathi ezingu-4-5 ezibiza kakhulu. Kuvela ukuthi yonke inzuzo isala emaphaketheni abathengisi, futhi abakhiqizi basebenza onqenqemeni lokusinda.
Izinkinga ezingeziwe kanye nezintengo eziphakeme kakhulu zomanyolo kanye namafutha kanye nezinto zokugcoba. Vladimir Kulik wakhumbula ukuthi ngonyaka odlule, intengo kaphethiloli kanye nezinto zokugcoba kubakhiqizi bezolimo yayiphansi ngamaphesenti ayi-15-20 kunaseziteshini zikaphethiloli. Kodwa namuhla kunenzuzo eyengeziwe kumlimi ukushayela ugandaganda egalaji elivamile legesi futhi agcwalise ithangi likaphethiloli lapho, hhayi ukuthenga ngobuningi bamafutha.
Buyela ekutshalweni kwezimali, ngokusho kokubonwayo Vyacheslav Litvyakov, ayikwazi ukubikezelwa ngokunembile. Kwenzeka ukuthi ipulazi lamazambane lasebenza laze lafika ku-zero, futhi kweminye iminyaka inzuzo yafinyelela ku-20-30 ngisho namaphesenti ayi-100. Kule nkathi, lapho yonke into ikhuphukile ngentengo, ngaphandle kwamazambane, abalimi abaningi baseKuban benze umkhawulo. Umndeni wakwaLitvyakov wakwazi ukugwema izinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yesikhwama somoya sezimali. Kodwa eminye iminyaka embalwa efanayo, futhi ama-capsules ngisho nabalimi abacebile kakhulu azobe engenalutho.
Kwezolimo, impela Vitaly Kabalin, akusikho konke kuncike kumlimi. Umsebenzi nemizamo yakhe iqinisekisa amaphesenti angu-50 kuphela empumelelo, okunye kunqunywa izimo zangaphandle. Isibonelo, isimo sezulu sihlulekile, ukushisa kwaqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane azizange zakheke noma zikhule zibe ubukhulu obufunayo. Kepha into ecasula kakhulu yilapho kufanele kunikezwe isivuno esihle kakhulu ngesenti, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-2021. Nakuba amazambane wonyaka ofanayo, kodwa wokutshala kamuva, wavumela ipulazi ukwenza imali enhle.
I-Krasnodar idonsele ukunaka kumkhuba oshaqisayo obonwe unyaka wesithathu ulandelana. Maphakathi nekwindla, lapho amazambane evunwa emzileni ophakathi, enyakatho nasempumalanga, kuze kufike eSiberia, intengo yawo iyakhuphuka.
Kwezinye izifunda, abalimi bangena ezindlekweni eziphansi kakhulu kunaseningizimu. Abanaso isidingo esinzima sezinhlelo zokunisela, izitshalo zabo azikhathazwa ukushisa, bangatshala izinhlobo ezinezikhathi ezinde ezikhulayo ukuze bathole isivuno esikhulu, futhi banezinketho eziningi zokuzigcina. Kuvele ukuthi abalimi abaphakela amazambane okuqala emakethe bazithola besezimeni ezingalingani nozakwabo abavela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
UKUBEKEZELA KANYE NOMSEBENZI...
Namuhla, amazambane e-Kuban angatholakala ezimakethe nasezitolo zamaketanga ezweni lonke: kusukela ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nesentshonalanga kuya enyakatho, e-Urals naseSiberia. Futhi ngenxa yokuvuna kwesibili, ingxenye enkulu yemakethe eningizimu yeRussia inikezwa. Abalimi baseKrasnodar bathengisa amazambane ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa abaxhumanisi, nakuba abathengisi bendawo bengathatha imikhiqizo kubakhiqizi ukuze bayithengise. Kodwa emapulazini amancane, izidingo zamanethiwekhi ngokuvamile azinakwenzeka.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe Vitaly Kabalin, kuhlongozwa ukuhlinzeka izitolo ngamazambane ahlanjululwe futhi apakishwe, kodwa ukuze aqedele lo msebenzi, umlimi udinga ukuthenga imishini ekhethekile, ukuheha izinsiza ezengeziwe zabantu, okungukuthi, ukungena ezindlekweni eziphezulu. Ingabe lezi zimali ezitshaliwe zizokhokha? Abalimi bayavuma ukuthi njalo ngonyaka amazambane akhula eKuban ayancipha futhi inzuzo. Kodwa, naphezu kwabo bonke ubunzima, abalimi banethemba ngekusasa futhi benza izinhlelo zesizini entsha. Ngokwesibonelo, Alexander Onoprienko uzotshala izinhlobo endaweni engamahektha angama-30, lapho ejwayele ukulindela khona isivuno esiphezulu nekhwalithi enhle kakhulu. Okubalulekile kwembewu sekuvele ku-odwe esifundeni saseSamara futhi cishe kukhokhwe ngokugcwele. Yebo, izindleko ziyakhuphuka futhi, futhi cishe ama-ruble angu-170 azosetshenziswa ezimbewu kuphela ehektheleni. Kepha kunethemba lokuthi u-2023 uzophumelela, futhi imakethe isazonikeza inani elihle lamazambane aseKrasnodar.
U-Irina Berg