Isigaba: Abantu bokuqala
Elinye lamapulazi ahamba phambili amazambane nemifino esifundeni saseSaratov ipulazi labalimi beP.Yu. Shcherenko. Ngaphezu "kwesinkwa sesibili", konke okufakwe ku-"borscht set" yendabuko kutshalwa lapha: ama-beet, u-anyanisi, izaqathe, iklabishi, kanye namakhukhamba notamatisi. Futhi bakwenza ngempumelelo kakhulu: ngo-2013, amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha emifino kanye namathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1,8 amazambane akhiqizwa.
Umlando omncane
Ipulazi (ekuqaleni lalibizwa ngokuthi "Sofia") selihlinzeke izakhamuzi zesifunda sase-Engels, Engels naseSaratov ngemifino iminyaka engu-16. Ngo-1998, yahlelwa futhi iholwa nguPavel Yurevich Shcherenko - ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola idiploma evela eSaratov Institute of Mechanisation eqanjwe ngemuva. M.I. Kalinina. Ekuqaleni, indawo etshaliwe yepulazi yayingamahektha angama-24 kuphela. Ipulazi labalimi lithuthukiswe ngesivinini esisheshayo: ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo, kwakudingeka ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ngamanani amakhulu.
Ushintsho ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kwaba ukutholwa kwesisekelo salo sokukhiqiza endaweni yedolobhana laseNovopushkinsky.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli pulazi elincane lakhula laba elinye lamakhulu endaweni. Indawo etshaliwe ngo-2014 ingamahektha angama-282. Isibalo sabasebenzi abaqashwe ngokugcwele ngabantu abangama-23; abasebenzi bezikhathi ezithile baqashwa ngesikhathi somsebenzi wasendle. Futhi imikhiqizo ayithengiswa kuphela esifundeni saseSaratov, kodwa nasezifundeni eziseduze zasePenza naseSamara, futhi zinikezwa eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg naseTatarstan.
Izimfihlo Zempumelelo
Akunakwenzeka ukutshala imifino namazambane ezindaweni ezomile zesifunda saseVolga ngaphandle kokunisela, ngakho-ke ipulazi linaka ngokukhethekile imishini yezobuchwepheshe yezindawo eziniselwe. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, ukwakhiwa kabusha okukhulu kuye kwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile epulazini: ipayipi liyafakwa, umsebenzi uyenziwa ukufaka esikhundleni semishini yokufafaza yeFregat ngeyesimanje kanye neyonga kakhulu, amasethi emishini yokudonsa ayasetshenziswa. , okuvumela ukwehlisa izindleko zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nokwandisa isivuno samazambane nemifino kanye nokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu. Kulo nyaka, ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle indawo eniselwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela enengqondo, kwathengwa indawo yokuchelela yokuchelela futhi yafakwa endaweni engamahektha ayi-13. Sekukonke, amahektha angama-245 omhlaba angaphansi kokunisela.
Ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe ekuniseleni, uxhaxha lwemishini yezolimo lwabuyekezwa ngokuphelele: umshini wokuhlwanyela imbewu osebenza kahle kakhulu, imishini yokutshala kabusha neyokuhlunga, ogandaganda abacebile emhlabeni wonke kanye nemishini elandelwayo edingekayo yathengwa.
Ipulazi lisebenzisa izinqubo zezolimo ezithuthukisiwe ekulimeni nasekulungiseni inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela, lihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamaminerali, lisebenzisa imikhiqizo ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela izitshalo, lethula izici zobuchwepheshe bokulondoloza izinsiza ekukhiqizeni, futhi libheke ngokuqinile ukushintshwa kwezitshalo. Kusukela kulo nyaka, ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa iklabishi bushintshe ngokuphelele endleleni yekhasethi. Manje ukutshala kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Okokuqala, imbewu yeklabishi ifakwa ngesandla kumakhasethi akhethekile agcwele inhlabathi ye-peat. Khona-ke umshini wokutshala nokutshala wenza imigodi ebangeni elithile (ngokuqondile ngemva kwamasentimitha angu-33, ngaphandle kwezikhala), wehlisela izithombo emhlabathini bese umba esitshalweni. Ukukhiqiza kwemishini enjalo ngamahektha amabili kuya kwamathathu ngosuku lokusebenza, ngakho ukutshala kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifushane. Le ndlela eqhubekayo iqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu (amathani ayi-100 ihektha ngalinye uma kuqhathaniswa namathani angama-70 ngehektha ngalinye ngokuhlwanyela okuqondile). Futhi iklabishi ikhula ibe usayizi ofanele wokudayiswa (isisindo esimaphakathi - 3,5 kg).
Minyaka yonke, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokushintsha izinhlobonhlobo kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zembewu, futhi kuthengwa imbewu yeqophelo eliphezulu evela kubakhiqizi bezitshalo emhlabeni wonke. Ipulazi lithatha amahektha angama-60 amazambane, isivuno ngobuchwepheshe obukhona kwezinye izindawo sifinyelela ku-400 c/ha.
Ngokwesisekelo sebhizinisi, amasemina kanye nemihlangano ibanjwa njalo ngokubamba iqhaza kwabaphathi kanye nochwepheshe bamabhizinisi ezolimo, izinhloko zamapulazi abalimi ekudlulisweni kwezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu embonini kanye nokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo.
Isinyathelo esibalulekile: isitoreji
Ipulazi linezindawo ezimbili zokugcina imifino ezinomthamo ophelele wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4,8. Imifino igcinwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngobuningi kanye nesitsha.
Izinkinga zemishini yezobuchwepheshe nezobuchwepheshe zezindawo zokugcina zixazululwa ngenkuthalo: kufakwe izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya, eziye zanciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa futhi zathuthukisa izinga lemikhiqizo ethengiswa ebusika; izindawo zokugcina izimpahla zifakwe insulated; iphansi, amasango, nophahla kuyashintshwa; isiza sihlonyiselwe ukulungiselela kusengaphambili ukudayiswa kanye nokugcinwa kwesikhashana kwemikhiqizo eqediwe.
I-TSKP: ikhomishini ekhona
Ngo-2014, endaweni yepulazi, emagcekeni kwesinye sezakhiwo zokugcina impahla, kwavulwa ibhizinisi eliyingqayizivele le-agro-industrial complex - isikhungo sokusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwemishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi izikhungo zokusebenzisa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuvamile zibhekisela kumalabhorethri noma izikhungo zocwaningo ezihlome ngezimali ezivela kwisabelomali sombuso, futhi ososayensi abahlukahlukene namaqembu ocwaningo bathola ilungelo lokusebenzisa imishini ebizayo.
Kodwa-ke, kwezolimo, ubuchwepheshe budinga imali enkulu, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi ezolimo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwayo. Ngokuqonda lokhu, inhloko yepulazi labalimi uScherenko P.Yu. uhambise isiphakamiso sokudala isikhungo sokuqeqesha esifundeni sase-Engels ku-Ministry of Economics yesifunda. Wachaza isidingo sokuqalisa umsebenzi ngale ndlela elandelayo: “Manje cishe wonke amaketanga okuthengisa adinga ukupakishwa kwesimanje futhi afuna imifino ihlungwe. Futhi abalimi abanayo imali eyengeziwe yokuthenga izintambo zokupakisha nemishini yokuhlanza nokuwasha; yonke imali itshalwa ekukhiqizeni imifino.”
Lo msebenzi waziswa yibo bobabili abamele umnyango kanye nabakhiqizi bezolimo bendawo. Ukuze uthole usizo lukahulumeni, amapulazi ayisithupha amakhulu esifundeni ahlangana “amadlelandawonye”. Ilungu lesikhombisa leqembu kwakuyi-Pokrovsky cannery, ehlinzekwa ngezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "ezisezingeni eliphansi" (isibonelo, izaqathe eziphukile, ama-beet aphukile, njll.) kusukela esikhungweni esiphakathi sokucubungula ukuze kusetshenziswe imifino ekheniwe.
Indawo yokugcina impahla eyanikezwa uPavel Shcherenko yayinemigqa yesimanje ezenzakalelayo yokugeza, ukuhlanza nokupakisha imikhiqizo esekhulile.
Igumbi elilodwa le-warehouse labelwe igumbi lesiqandisi, amabili ngaphezulu amagumbi okwamukela isikhashana, amabili okufaka imigqa yokuhlanza (eyodwa isebenzisa indlela yokuhlanza emanzi - ukugeza amazambane, izaqathe, njll., eyesibili yenza ukucubungula okomile - u-anyanisi, umugqa wesithathu - ukucubungula iklabishi.
Umthamo wokuphuma kwale migqa uzoba amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-21 wemikhiqizo ngonyaka.
Izindleko zokudala i-CCP zaba cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-114 (ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-56,4 - izimali ezivela kwisabelomali sombuso, ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-14,1 - isabelo somgcinimafa wesifunda kanye nezigidi ezingu-43 - ezivela emithonjeni eyengeziwe yesabelomali (izimali ezivela kubalimi)).
Manje ukuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo esikhungweni sokusebenzisa ngokuhlanganyela kungenziwa yiwo womabili amalungu e-co-op kanye nabanye abakhiqizi bezolimo (abangewona amalungu omfelandawonye) ngesisekelo sezivumelwano zokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zokulungiswa kwangaphambili kokudayiswa kwemikhiqizo. .
Ikhwalithi eyinhloko!
Imikhiqizo etshalwe emasimini epulazi idingeka kakhulu kubahlali besifunda sase-Engels nangale kwayo. Njalo ngonyaka, inkampani iklonyeliswa ngediploma yokubamba iqhaza embukisweni we-All-Russian Agro-Industrial Exhibition “Golden Autumn” Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yemisebenzi ye-agro-industrial complex, i-IP Head of Peasant Farming Enterprise P.Yu. uhlonishwe kaningi njengowinile emqhudelwaneni wesifunda wabasebenzi enkampanini yezimboni zezolimo futhi wathola imiklomelo phakathi kwamabhizinisi amancane, amapulazi abalimi (amapulazi) kanye nosomabhizinisi ngabanye abathole umthamo omkhulu wemali ekhiqizwe futhi bathola isivuno esiphezulu sezolimo.
Ibhizinisi lidale zonke izimo zenhlalo nezokuhlala zabasebenzi: indawo yokudlela, ishawa, nendlu yokuphumula kuyatholakala. Izisebenzi zithuthwa ngezimoto zasemapulazini ziyiswe lapho zisebenza khona.
Ochwepheshe basemapulazini bahlala besebenzela ukuthuthukisa izinga labo lomsebenzi, babamba iqhaza njalo kumasemina akhethekile, futhi bafunde ulwazi lwamazwe ngamazwe nolwasekhaya ekuqhubeni umkhiqizo emnothweni wemakethe.
Ukugxila kanye nokubekezela ekufezeni imigomo ebekiwe, isiyalo kanye nezinga eliphezulu lomthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nekhono lokwenza izinqumo ezifanele ngokushesha kuvumela abaphathi ukuthi bagcine ipulazi lisezingeni eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe futhi bathole imiphumela ephezulu yokukhiqiza.