Kusukela ngo-1991 (ngemuva kokuwa kwe-USSR), i-China ithathe indawo yokuqala emhlabeni mayelana nendawo ehlwanyelwe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamazambane. Ngo-2012, irekhodi lamahektha ayizigidi ezi-5,14 abelwe ukulinywa, kusukela lapho le ndawo iye yehla kancane kancane. Kusukela ngo-2020, amazambane athatha cishe amahektha ayizigidi ezi-4,6 (27% yendawo etshalwa emhlabeni wonke ngaphansi kwezitshalo), isitshalo sidlula amathani ayizigidi ezingama-90 (24% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke).
Kunezindawo ezine eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza amazambane ezweni.
I-Northern Monoculture Zone (ithatha u-50% wendawo yonke yokulima amazambane). Kuhlanganisa izifundazwe ze-Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning kanye ne-Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia. Yilapho iningi lembewu yamazambane likhiqizwa khona. Ukufika kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ukuvuna kuqhubeka kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba.
Indawo eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezitshalo ezixubile (35% yendawo yonke yamazambane). Kufaka phakathi izifundazwe zaseSichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, ingxenye yezifundazwe zeHunan, Hubei, Chongqing municipality, Tibet region. Amazambane akhiqizwa kule ndawo asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okusha. Ukutshala kwenziwa kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba, ukuvuna - kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli.
Indawo emaphakathi yokufika kabili (10% yendawo yonke yokulima amazambane). Kuhlanganisa izifundazwe zeJiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong kanye neHenan. Isivuno esitholakalayo sisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusha futhi sithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi, ukuvuna - kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni. Amazambane asekwindla atshalwa ngoJulayi-Agasti futhi avunwe ngo-Okthoba-Novemba.
Indawo yezitshalo zasebusika (5% yendawo yonke). Kubandakanya izifundazwe zaseGuangdong, Fujian, Guangxi naseHainan. Amazambane akhiqizwa kulesi sifunda enzelwe ukusetshenziswa okusha futhi athunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Ukutshala kwenziwa ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, ukuvuna - ngoFebhuwari-Mashi.
Izifundazwe zaseSichuan, Gansu, Guizhou, Yunnan kanye nomasipala wase-Inner Mongolia zihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni amazambane eChina, okubalelwa ku-60% womkhiqizo.
Imiphumela yesizini ka-2022/23
Umthamo wesivuno samazambane amasha wesizini ka-2022/23 (Septhemba kuya ku-Agasti) cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-93, okungaphansi kancane kunomphumela wangonyaka odlule (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-95). Isizathu sokwehla kweqoqo kwaba wukuncipha kwezindawo ezitshaliwe endaweni esenyakatho, abanye abalimi baqakathekisa amasoya, njengoba umbuso wethula izindlela ezimbalwa zokukhuthaza ukukhula komkhiqizo walesi silimo.
Ngokusho kwemithombo yezimboni, ikhwalithi yamazambane amasha kule sizini ibiphansi kunokujwayelekile. Izinkinga zidalwa ubunzima besimo sezulu: ngoJuni 2022, imvula enamandla yana ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho, futhi eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina futhi ikakhulukazi i-Inner Mongolia, kwaba nokuguquguquka kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Ngokombiko weFrozen French Fry Exports Exceed Imports, 2022 (USDA, GAIN)
Amathemba
Ososayensi babikezela ukuthi isidingo sokudla saseShayina sizokwenyuka ngamathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 ngonyaka (CIP, 2020), kodwa ukuncipha komhlaba wokulima okubangelwa ukukhula ngokushesha kwamadolobha akusizi ukukhuphula ukukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu kwaseChina (Burney et al., 2010; Gu et. al., 2019), kanti amazambane kulindeleke ukuthi enze u-50% wokwanda kokukhiqizwa kokudla kule minyaka engama-20 ezayo (https://cipotato.org/crops/potato/). Ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane ngeke kube lula, nokho, njengoba iChina ibeka phambili okusanhlamvu nezimbewu zikawoyela. Ososayensi bahlongoza ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokusebenzisa umhlaba olimekayo ebusika, osala ungalindi ngemva kokuvuna ilayisi eliphuzile eningizimu yeChina (cishe amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-16). Okungenani ingxenye yesine yalo mhlaba ingasetshenziselwa amazambane (Qu et al., 2005).
Emibikweni esemthethweni mayelana namathemba okuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwamazambane eChina, kuyaphawulwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ezayo kuzokhula kancane kancane: izindawo kanye nesivuno kuzokhula ngesilinganiso sika-0,5 no-1,3% ngonyaka, ngokulandelana.
Amazwana
UDkt. Hu Bai Geng, Umphathi Jikelele we-Xisen Potato Indastrial Group Company Limited
- Isifundazwe esisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Heilongjiang kanye nengxenye esempumalanga yezifunda ze-Inner Mongolia zibonwa njengezifaneleka kakhulu ukutshala amazambane. Lezi zindawo zihlukaniswa ngenhlabathi evundile kanye nezimo zezulu ezifanele.
Amazambane atshalwa ngokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo nezinye izitshalo. Uhlu lwabo ngokuvamile luhlanganisa ummbila, ukolweni, iklabishi yaseShayina, u-anyanisi oluhlaza, njll.
Ukubola okuphuzile, umlenze omnyama, i-verticillium wilt, i-bacterial wilt, njll.kubhekwa njengezifo zamazambane eziyingozi kakhulu eShayina.Uhlu lwezinambuzane ezidinga ukulawulwa luhlanganisa izinambuzane zomhlabathi, izintwala, njll.
Abalimi basebenzisa imishini emincane eyenziwe ngamaShayina emsebenzini wabo. Abakhiqizi bezolimo abangaphezu kuka-30% banabatshali, ama-25% amazambane avuna kusetshenziswa imishini yokuvuna; izinkampani ezinkulu zamazambane zisebenzisa le nqubo phakathi nenkathi yokukhula, ukutshala, ukunakekela nokuvuna.
Abalimi abaningi bathengisa imikhiqizo yabo ngezinkampani zabaxhumanisi, kanti abanye abalimi babuye bathengise amazambane ezimakethe zendawo. Abalimi abawanikezi amazambane ngqo ezitolo ezinkulu, futhi ingxenye encane yamazambane elungiselelwa ukudayiswa ngokukhethekile.
Ingxenye yomkhiqizo ngemva kokuvuna ibekwa ukuze igcinwe. E-China, kunezindawo zokugcina ezanele zesimanje ezinemishini yokufaka umoya kanye neziqandisi.
Inkampani engu-Xisen Potato Industry Co. Ltd. yibhizinisi lezolimo elisezingeni eliphezulu elisebenza ngokuzalanisa amazambane, ukukhiqizwa kwembewu (okubandakanya nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane), ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yokudla evela kumazambane. Ikomkhulu lale nkampani liseLaoling City, esifundazweni saseShandong.
Le nkampani itshala amazambane embewu e-Inner Mongolia naseNyakatho Hebei endaweni engaba amahektha angama-26. Ngonyaka ikhiqiza amahektha ayi-667 embewu engenamagciwane.
Inani elikhulu lamazambane litshalwa ekuniseleni; ibhizinisi linamasethi angama-800 wezinhlelo zokunisela eziyindilinga ezitholakalayo. Ukugcina imikhiqizo, izindawo zokugcina amazambane zesimanje ezinomthamo wamathani angama-450 zisetshenziswa. Le nkampani minyaka yonke ikhiqiza amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-000 ama-flakes amazambane.