Umquba
Umanyolo awukwazi nje ukusheshisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, kodwa futhi ngezinga elikhulu ukwandisa isimo se-phytosanitary sokutshala amazambane ngokuphathelene ne-R. solani futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yezilimo eziyizigaxa eziwumphumela. Ukwethulwa komanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali ngaphansi kwesitshalo kunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa nokusabalala kwe-rhizoctoniosis ezithweni ezingaphansi komhlaba izikhathi eziyi-1,2-1,6, futhi kukhulisa isivuno sezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo ngo-3-5 t/ha futhi kunciphisa inani labantu abane-sclerotia ngo-1,3-1,5 izikhathi.
Ukufutheka okulula
Ukukhanya, okuthinta isitshalo esibambayo, kunomphumela wako ongaqondile ku-pathogen. Ukuqina kokukhanya kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kunciphisa ukulimala kwamahlumela nge-rhizoctonia ngokwandisa umsebenzi wawo obalulekile. Ukuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ekukhanyeni kuholela ekwakhekeni kwamahlumela anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwento eyomile kanye ne-sucrose, umsebenzi ophakeme wama-enzyme oxidative, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingafinyeleleki, okubenza bamelane nalesi sifo.
Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene
Ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo zamazambane amelana ne-rhizoctoniosis ekukhiqizeni kungaba enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu, eziphephile zemvelo futhi ezingabizi kakhulu zokuvikela izitshalo kulesi sifo. Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, kwatholakala ukuthi azikho izinhlobo ezimelana ngokuphelele nalesi sifo, kodwa ngesethi efanele yezinqubo zezolimo, izinhlobo ezinjengeZhukovsky zakuqala, iLvovyanka, Tomich, Oredezhsky, Escort kanye neFresco zinezakhiwo ze ukumelana okukhulu nokukhuthazela kubantu baseSiberia be-fungus R. solani.
Ukwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zokutshala
Noma ngabe zonke izinyathelo ze-agrotechnical zibonwa, ukugqoka kwembewu yamazambane kusalokhu kuyindlela eyisibopho, ngoba njengamanje awekho amaqoqo okutshala ama-tubers anempilo, angathinteki ku-fungus R. solani. Izinga elincane lokuhlala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zembewu yamazambane njengamanje lingama-20%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukucabangela amandla aqoqiwe we-pathogen emhlabathini, okuyinto ngokwesilinganiso ifinyelela ama-propagules angu-20 nge-100 g yenhlabathi. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-phytosanitary yezinto zembewu nomhlabathi, kwenziwa isinqumo ngesidingo sokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokutshala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Uhlu lwamalungiselelo okugqoka impahla yokutshala amazambane njengamanje luhlanganisa amalungiselelo ebhayoloji kanye nama-fungicides emvelaphi yamakhemikhali.
Idatha yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komvikeli we-Maxim 0,25 KS kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo kusuka ku-rhizoctoniosis, kanye nesigameko sezitho ezingaphansi komhlaba ezinalesi sifo izikhathi ezingu-1,5. Ngokwesilinganiso, isibulala-sikhunta sinikeza ukwanda kwesivuno sezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo ngenani elingu-2,5 t/ha, kodwa leli nani lingahluka kuye ngesitshalo esandulela amazambane.
Ukunakekelwa Kokwehla
Uqweqwe lomhlabathi, oluphazamisa ukushisa kwenhlabathi, lunomthelela ekunqotshweni kwesitshalo nge-rhizoctoniosis. Ngenxa yokuthi i-agent causative yalesi sifo ayithinti izitshalo ezitshaliwe kuphela, kodwa futhi zasendle, ukhula oluningi (i-thistle thistle, i-gauze emhlophe, izintaba, njll.) lungumthombo wokutheleleka ku-agrocenosis. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko ekunakekeleni ukutshala amazambane unzima. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ama-harrowings angu-2 futhi okwesithathu - izithombo. Futhi, ekulweni nokhula, ama-herbicides angasetshenziswa, angavumeli kuphela ukuqeda izinqolobane ze-pathogen, kodwa futhi nokwandisa isivuno sezitshalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula
Ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhula, ukwandisa ukumelana kwamazambane ku-rhizoctoniosis kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo etholiwe, kunconywa ukuphatha izilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokutshala, izitshalo ezisesigabeni sokuhluma - ukuqala kokuqhakaza ngezilawuli zokukhula ezisekelwe ku-potassium noma usawoti we-sodium we-humic. ama-acids (i-Potassium noma i-sodium humates, i-Beres-4, i-Gumostim), i-triterpene acids (usilika, i-Novosil, i-Verva), njll.
Isevisi yokuhlanza
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale ukuvuna kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 ngemuva kokufa noma ukucekelwa phansi kweziqongo, ngoba ukuvela okuqhubekayo kwezilimo eziyizigaxa enhlabathini kuholela ekwandeni kwekoloni yabo nge-sclerotia yesikhunta.
Uhlu lwezincwadi ezisetshenzisiwe:
- Shaldyaeva E.M. Ukuqapha i-rhizoctoniosis ku-agroecosystems yamazambane eNtshonalanga yeSiberia / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu. V. Pilipova, N.M. Konyaev. - Novosibirsk, 2006. - 196 p.
- Shaldyaeva E.M. Ukwenza ngcono isimo se-phytosanitary sokutshala amazambane kusetshenziswa i-spring rapeseed njengesitshalo somquba oluhlaza / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu. V. Pilipova, M.P. Shatunova // Ukuvikelwa Kwezitshalo eSiberia: Sat. ezesayensi tr. othisha nabafundi abaneziqu ze-Faculty of Plant Protection. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 77-83.
- I-Cubeta MA I-Population biology ye-Rhizoctonia solani complex / MA Cubeta, R. Vilgalys // Phytopathology. - 1997. - V. 87. - P. 480-484.
- I-Kronland WC Inqubo yesilayidi ehlanzekile yokubukwa kwe-anastomosis nesimo senuzi se-Rhizoctonia solani / WC Kronland, ME Stanghelllini // Phytopathology. - 1988. - V. 78. - Р.820-822.
- I-Ogoshi A. I-Ecology kanye ne-pathogenicity ye-anastomosis kanye namaqembu e-intraspecific we-Rhizoctonia solani Kűhn / A. Ogoshi // Ann. Umfundisi. I-Phytopathol. - 1987. - V. 25. - P. 125-143.
- Izinhlobo ze-Ogoshi A. Rhizoctonia kanye namaqembu e-anastomosis abangela ukubola kwezimpande zikakolweni nebhali ePacific Nowest / A. Ogoshi, RJ Cook, EH Bassett // Phytopathology. - 1990. - V. 80. - P. 784-788.
- I-Shaldiyeva EM Ucwaningo lwesakhiwo senhlabathi yaseSiberia yabantu baseRhizoctonia spp. / EM Shaldiyeva, YV Pilipova // Izifinyezo ze-4 International EFPP Symposium Diagnosis and Identification of Plant Pathogens. - Germany, Bonn, 1996. - P. 80.