Ngo-2021, uhlelo lomshwalense wezolimo eRussia luzothola uhlaka lomthetho olwandisiwe oluzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo njengendlela eyinhloko yokunxeshezelwa kokulahlekelwa kwezolimo ngenxa yezinhlekelele zemvelo. Amathemba nezinkinga ezihlobene noguquko oluhleliwe, kanye nemiphumela yomshuwalense wezolimo ngo-2020, kwaxoxwa ngakho ngabamele i-Federation Council, uMnyango Wezolimo kanye noMnyango Wezezimali weRussian Federation, iBhange LaseRussia kanye umphakathi womshwalense emhlanganweni nabezindaba, okwenzeka ngesikhathi senhlangano yeNational Union of Agricultural Insurers (NSA) eMoscow.
Esinye sezihloko eziyinhloko zomcimbi kwakuwumthethosivivinywa olungiselelwe iqembu lamasekela kanye nezigele ngokuhlanganyela okusebenzayo koMnyango Wezolimo kanye noMkhandlu Kazwelonke wase-Ukraine ekuthuthukisweni komqondo wawo. Izichibiyelo ezisalungiswa emthethweni wokwesekwa kombuso womshwalense wezolimo kuhloswe ngazo ukuhlanganisa indlela yomshuwalense wezolimo ohlelweni lokuvikela ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo semvelo. Ihlinzekela ukunwetshwa kohlelo lomshwalense wezolimo ngokwesekwa nguhulumeni ngokwethula kuwo umqondo womugqa omusha womshwalense - uma kwenzeka kuba nesimemezelo esiphuthumayo. Lo mthethosivivinywa wamukelwe njengesisekelo yi-State Duma ekufundweni kokuqala ngoMashi 17.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lweqembu labashayamthetho-ababhali balo mthethosivivinywa, inhloko yeKomidi lezoLimo loMkhandlu weFederation u-Aleksey Mayorov wakhuluma, owaphawula ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kohlelo lomshwalense wezolimo kuwumsebenzi owabekwa yiPresidium yoMkhandlu. yeZishayamthetho ngowezi-2018 futhi igxile ekunakeni njalo kweKomidi. Ikomidi, kanye ne-NSA, ngokubamba iqhaza koMnyango Wezolimo kanye neBhange LaseRussia, lenze umsebenzi omkhulu wokutadisha isimo kuzo zonke izifunda zombuso wezwe. Imihlangano yesifunda eyisishiyagalombili yahlelwa ngokubamba iqhaza kwezinkonzo zesifunda zezolimo nezolimo, ezihlanganisa cishe zonke izinhlangano ezingaphansi kweRussian Federation. “Ingxoxo ikhombise intshisekelo enkulu yomphakathi wezolimo nezigungu ezilawulayo ze-agro-industrial complex of the constituent the Federation in the organisation of insurance coverage. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kutholakale izinkinga eziningi ezikhona,” kusho uSenator. "Isicelo esijwayelekile esivela ezifundeni sibonise isidingo sokwandisa ukumbozwa komshwalense, ukwenza lula izimo zomshuwalense kubalimi kokubili mayelana nokuphothula izinkontileka kanye nokuthola izinkokhelo zomshuwalense, okwandisa ukutholakala komshwalense," kugcizelela u-Alexey Mayorov, ephawula ukuthi lokho okutholakele. zazisetshenziswa lapho kusetshenzwa ngohlaka lomthetho womshwalense wengozi yezimo eziphuthumayo.
Inhlangano eqondile yokusekelwa kombuso yokuvikela umshwalense ezingeni likahulumeni ingaphansi koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia, isikhundla sakhe sethulwa emcimbini wabezindaba yiPhini likaNgqongqoshe u-Elena Fastova. Uphawule ukubaluleka komsebenzi wokwandisa uhlelo lomshwalense we-agro-industrial complex, okuthi, naphezu kobunzima, lubonise ukuthi "lumi ngezinyawo". U-Elena Fastova waphawula ukuthi ngo-2021 inkonzo yaphinda kabili umkhawulo wezimali zokusekelwa zikahulumeni ezabelwe umshwalense wezolimo - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2 ngonyaka ngaphambili kuya kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,2. Izimali sezivele zabiwa futhi zalethwa ezifundeni.
UMnyango Wezolimo ubheka indlela yomshwalense wezolimo njengenye yezinto eziyisisekelo, okuvumela ukususa ezinye zezingozi hhayi kuphela kumkhiqizi wezolimo, kodwa nakuhulumeni. U-Elena Fastova waphawula ukuthi emshwalense wezilwane eRussia inkomba ebalulekile yomshuwalense ezingeni lika-28% isivele ifinyelelwe - amakhanda avamile angaba yizigidi ezingu-8 anikezwa izinqubomgomo, kuyilapho kunezifunda lapho ngaphezu kwe-50% yemfuyo. afakwe kumshwalense. Umshwalense wezohwebo zasemanzini waqala ngo-2020 - cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-2 ezinhlanzi ahlinzekwa ngomshwalense, ngo-2021 lesi sibalo sase sidlule izikhathi ezi-3. Ngokwezibikezelo zoMnyango, ngo-2021 izinga lokuhlinzekwa komshwalense lizoba okungenani li-8% lendawo elinywayo, kanti ngo-2025 umshuwalense ulinganiselwa ku-30%. Ukwethulwa komshwalense ngokumelene nengozi yezimo eziphuthumayo kufanele kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni komshwalense wezitshalo.
I-Bank of Russia, njengomlawuli wemakethe yomshwalense, iphinde ibaluleke kakhulu kumshwalense wezolimo, kuhlanganise nomshuwalense wezolimo ngokusekelwa nguhulumeni, - kusho u-Olga Shelepneva, inhloko yoMnyango Wemakethe Yomshuwalense weBhange Elikhulu, enkulumweni yakhe. “Lokhu kudalwa ukuthi inxanxathela yethu yezimboni zezolimo iyimboni ebaluleke kakhulu - kanye nemboni esengozini enkulu ezingozini zesimo sezulu, ngokungafani nezinye. Umshwalense uyindlela enkulu yokuvikela, ”kusho yena. U-Olga Shelepneva wachaza ukuthi ngokombono weklayenti-agrarian, isimo sengqondo sokuthola umshuwalense sincike ezintweni ezimbili: ukwethembeka kwezinkampani zomshuwalense kanye nokukhanga kwezimo. “Izinguquko ezenzeka esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka nengxenye edlule zibonise ukuthi uma umthetho uvumelana nezimo nangesikhathi esifanele ezidingweni zabanikazi bamapholisi, lokhu kuba nomthelela omuhle embonini okufanele lokhu noma lolo hlobo lomshwalense vikela, kithi, umshwalense wezolimo. Ngakho-ke, sibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo emsebenzini womthethosivivinywa, manje oseDuma State. " "Kubalimi, ngokombono wethu, lokhu kufanele kube umkhiqizo othakazelisayo," u-Olga Shelepneva wahlola isiphakamiso sokwethula umshuwalense ophuthumayo.
Ethula isikhundla senkonzo yakhe, u-Roman Tochilin, iPhini likaMqondisi woMnyango Wenqubomgomo Yezezimali woMnyango Wezezimali waseRussian Federation, ubize umthethosivivinywa ozayo womshwalense wezolimo “njengobaluleke kakhulu ngokombono wezenhlalo nowesimo” kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwenqubomgomo yezolimo. umkhakha womshwalense wasekhaya ngokumelene nezimo eziphuthumayo. "Siziqonda kahle zonke izingqinamba ezibhekene nababhali balo msebenzi, futhi sizokwenza konke okusemandleni ukuthi umthethosivivinywa uphume ngokushesha okukhulu," kusho ummeleli woMnyango Wezezimali.
Ngo-2020, umshwalense wezolimo osekelwa uhulumeni waba ingxenye ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu yemakethe yomshuwalense eRussia: umthamo wayo ukhule ngo-54% phakathi nonyaka, okwaba irekhodi eliphelele ngonyaka lapho yonke imakethe yenyuka ngo-4%, uMongameli. we-NSA uKorney Bizhdov uthe enkulumweni yakhe. Ngokuvamile, ingxenye yomshwalense wengozi yezolimo ngokuya ngamaphrimiyamu omshwalense wama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-8,1 namuhla iqhathaniswa nengxenye yomshwalense wasolwandle. UKorney Bizhdov ugcizelele ukuthi i-NSA isivele ilungiselela ukuqaliswa kwezinhlinzeko ezintsha zomshuwalense wengozi yezimo eziphuthumayo: uma umthethosivivinywa wamukelwa engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ukwethulwa kwesiqondiso esisha somshuwalense wezolimo ngokusekelwa kombuso. ihlelelwe ekwindla, isikhathi somshwalense wokuhlwanyela ebusika. Kulokhu, ngo-2022, izinqubo zokuxazulula ukulahlekelwa uma kunezimo eziphuthumayo zizosetshenzwa ngokusebenza, futhi ngo-2023-2024 kuzokwazi ukwethula kakhulu indlela entsha, uMongameli we-NSA wachaza.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinqubo zomshwalense wezolimo kanye nesimo sengqondo semboni yomshwalense ngamathemba ezinto ezintsha zethulwe emhlanganweni wabezindaba ngabaphathi abaphezulu nezinhloko zezindawo zezinkampani ezingaphansi kwe-NSA, JSC AlfaStrakhovanie, PJSC IC Rosgosstrakh, I-JSC IC RSHB-Umshuwalense.
"Ngesikhathi somsebenzi we-Unified Association of Insurers of the Agro-Industrial Complex, i-2020 imakwe ngezinkokhelo ezinkulu kakhulu," kusho u-Sergey Prostatin, uMqondisi Jikelele we-JSC IC RSHB-Insurance. - Ngaphansi kwezinkontileka zomshwalense ngokusekelwa kombuso, ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2020 akhokhwa ngo-2,3, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4 kunezinkokhelo ze-2019. Isimo ezifundeni ezibalulekile zezolimo zezwe saba yinkomba yokuthi ngisho nasezindaweni eziningi. izindawo ezivumayo ngokombono wesimo sezulu zingase zibe nezimo zezulu ezingezinhle, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu. Futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, wabonisa ukuthi umphakathi womshwalense uzixazulula kanjani lezi zinkinga, uqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwenqubo yokukhiqiza abakhiqizi bezolimo. Sibona ukuthambekela kokukhula kwentshisekelo yomshwalense ohlangothini lwabalimi. Isibonelo esimangalisayo yi-Stavropol Territory. Kulesi sifunda, ngemuva kokulahlekelwa kwezitshalo okuphawulekayo kanye nezinkokhelo ezivela ezinkampanini zomshwalense ngenani lama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5 (ngokwe-NSA), umthamo womshuwalense ngo-2020 ukhuphuke izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-3,5. "
U-Tatyana Lavrova, Iphini Lomqondisi Webhizinisi Lebhizinisi e-AlfaStrakhovanie JSC, waphawula ukuthi kukhona ukuthambekela kumshwalense wezilwane okuhlobene nokuqoqwa kwezingozi. Ikakhulukazi, abakhiqizi bezingulube ezifuywayo bangene ku-TOP-5 yabakhiqizi bomhlaba - imfuyo ikhula kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuminyana kwamapulazi ezingulube kuyanda, ukuminyana kwamanani omshwalense kukhula. “Ngokombono womshwalense, lokhu kusho ukuthi isamba esikhulu esifakwe kumshwalense sigxiliswa endaweni eyodwa, ngakho ukulahlekelwa okukodwa kungaholela ekulahlekelweni. Futhi lena inkambiso eyinhloko esiyibona manje kumshwalense wezilwane. Ngoba ubungozi obuningi buwubungozi obuhambisana nezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi, ”kuchaza ummeleli womshwalense. Ngokulandela idatha ebikiwe, eminyakeni engu-3 edlule inkampani "AlfaStrakhovanie" minyaka yonke ithwala ukulahlekelwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo zemfuyo, ngenani elidlula ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-100. Uhlu lwezifo alukhawulelwe ezimweni ze-ASF kanye nomkhuhlane wezinyoni: ekupheleni kuka-2020, cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-80 afakwe umshwalense wale nkampani ngokulahlekelwa kokufa kwezinkomo.
Ngokusho kukaDmitry Romani, iNhloko yoMnyango Wokubhalela ngaphansi kwe-PJSC IC Rosgosstrakh, kubadayisi bomshwalense "kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa isikhungo sokusekelwa kwabalimi abanomshwalense ezifundeni". Ngokombono wakhe, "ukufaneleka komthetho mayelana nezimo eziphuthumayo manje kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi manje ukusekelwa kuyadingeka lapha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuze (...) inani eliphakeme lezifunda ngesikhathi esisodwa lixhuma kulolu hlelo" - lokhu kuzovumela , ikakhulukazi, ukugwema ukukhethwa kobungozi. I-Rosgosstrakh emkhakheni womshwalense wezolimo ngo-2020 yandise ukuba khona kwayo ezifundeni cishe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019. "Siyaqhubeka nokubheka izindawo zokungena kanye nezindawo zokukhula ezifundeni ezintsha," kusho ummeleli weRosgosstrakh.
"Imisebenzi ebhekene nohlelo lomshwalense wezolimo mikhulu," kuphawula uMongameli Wenhlangano Yomshuwalense Kazwelonke uKorney Bizhdov. - Ngokwe-UN World Food Organization, phakathi nengxenye yekhulu leminyaka edlule, isilinganiso senani lezinhlekelele zemvelo zaminyaka yonke ezithinta ezolimo siye sanda izikhathi eziningana emhlabeni. Izisebenzi zezolimo zaseRussia zingaphansi kwengcindezi yezinqubo ezifanayo, futhi umsebenzi womphakathi womshwalense uwukwenza indlela ephumelelayo nezinzile ngokubambisana nohulumeni ukusekela ukusimama kwenkimbinkimbi ye-agro-industrial eminyakeni ezayo. "
Umcimbi wabezindaba "Imiphumela yokuthuthukiswa komshwalense wezolimo ngo-2020. Amathemba okuthuthukiswa kokuvikelwa kwezezimali kwe-agro-industrial complex yaseRussia mayelana nezinguquko emthethweni" wabanjwa ngokubamba iqhaza kwebhizinisi elihamba phambili, abezindaba bezombusazwe kanye nezimboni jikelele. . Abahlanganyeli abangaphezu kuka-50 abavela ezifundeni - izintatheli nochwepheshe abavela kwi-agro-industrial complex - abaxhunywe ekusakazweni kwe-inthanethi. Umcimbi ubuphethwe nguDmitry Rylko, uMqondisi Jikelele we-Institute for Agrarian Market Studies.
Ngokusho kwe-Federal Law No. 260-F3 "On State Support in the Sphere of Agricultural Insurance", eRussia, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesistimu ephakathi, ukusekelwa kombuso kunikezwa umshwalense wezingozi zokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, ukufuywa kwezilwane kanye nokuhweba emanzini. . Kusukela ngo-January 1, 2016, inhlangano eyodwa yama-Russian wonke, i-National Union of Agricultural Insurers, ibisebenza emakethe yomshwalense wezolimo ngokusekelwa umbuso. Izinkampani zomshwalense kuphela-amalungu enyunyana anelungelo lokuphothula izinkontileka zomshwalense ngokusekelwa nguhulumeni; umshwalense wenziwa ngesisekelo semithetho ejwayelekile efanayo yohlelo ngalunye lomshwalense.