I-Association of Advanced Grain Processing Enterprises iphawule ngomsebenzi wemboni engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2023, yethula idatha mayelana nokukhiqizwa, ukuthekelisa kanye nokungeniswa kwemikhiqizo evela embonini ejulile yokucubungula okusanhlamvu. Ukuthengwa nokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yesitashi kwamanye amazwe kukhombisa ukwehla, okubangelwe wukuhlelwa kabusha kwemboni. Manje izinkampani sezibuyela kwezinye izimakethe - zase-Asia, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika.
Idatha yokukhiqiza ejwayelekile
Ingxenye yokuqala ka-2023 ingabonakala ngokuncipha kancane kokukhiqizwa kwezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yemboni. Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwesitashi somdabu sekukonke kube ngamathani angu-6% - 191 engxenyeni yokuqala ka-589,8 uma kuqhathaniswa namathani angu-2023 esikhathini esihambisanayo ngonyaka odlule. Kube nokwehla kokukhiqizwa kwesitashi sikakolweni ngo-203%, okwafinyelela kumathani angama-375,8 uma kuqhathaniswa namathani angama-3 ngo-24. Ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi sombila kwehle ngamathani ayi-821,7% - 25 ngo-475,3 uma kuqhathaniswa namathani ayi-2022 ngo-6. Isitashi samazambane siphinde sakhombisa ukwehla ngo-161% (ngokwevolumu amathani angama-080,2). Ngo-2023, ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi samazambane kwaba amathani ayi-170. Umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwawo eRussia uhlala umncane kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nezinye izitashi.
Amavolumu okukhiqiza ngebhizinisi
Kodwa-ke, amanani okukhiqizwa kwenani lamabhizinisi anyukile uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokubika ngonyaka odlule. Isibonelo, isitashi sombila sikhiqizwe ngo-6% ngaphezulu yi-JSC Chaplyginsky Starch Plant (ekhiqizwe amathani ayi-15) futhi ngo-098,0% ngaphezulu yi-JSC Khobotovsky Enterprise Starch Product (ekhiqizwe amathani ayi-6), LLC Newbio - ngo-16% ngaphezulu (noma amathani angama-832,0) , I-Kabardinsky Starch Plant LLC - 10% ngaphezulu (noma amathani angu-23).
Ukwehla okujwayelekile kokuthekelisa kanye nempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle
Mayelana nokusebenza kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, kwehle kakhulu. Ukuthengwa kwesamba sombila, ukolweni namazambane kwehle ngo-40%, kwathi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngama-23%. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungachazwa ngokususwa kwabangenisa kwamanye amazwe ngabadlali bendawo kanye nokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuthutha lapho kuthunyelwa izimpahla.
Imakethe yesitashi esishintshiwe isalokhu ikhanga
Engxenyeni yesitashi esiguquliwe, kube nokwanda kokukhiqizwa ngo-12%, okwathi ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo kwaba amathani angu-47. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwesitashi esishintshiwe kukhuphuke ngo-152,6%, okungamathani angu-16, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe "kwehlile" ngama-34%, afinyelela kumathani angama-967,9 kuphela.
Imakethe isalokhu ikhanga ukutshalwa kwezimali. "Ezinye izinkampani azakhi izinqubo zokukhiqiza kusukela ekuqaleni, zidlule ukugaywa kokusanhlamvu zibe isitashi, kodwa zithenga isitashi somdabu kozakwabo esitolo futhi zisiguqule. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, okwenziwa yinkampani yePerm iKhimprom LLC, ejoyine iNhlangano kulo nyaka, kanye ne-Albion LLC esifundeni saseRyazan. Ngakho-ke, singacabanga ukuthi imakethe yasekhaya yokuguqulwa ikhulu ngamaphesenti angama-20 kunezibalo ezisemthethweni ezisibonisa zona. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi imakethe ihlukene kakhulu", kuphawula u-Oleg Radin, umongameli wenhlangano.
Esigabeni semikhiqizo yesitashi esinoshukela, kube nokwenyuka okuncane kwesiraphu yesitashi (ama-glucose syrups) kanye ne-glucose-fructose syrups (GFS), okwaba ngu-3,0% no-1,0% kuphela, ngokulandelana. Ngesikhathi sokubika salo nyaka kukhiqizwe amathani angu-240 eziraphu ze-glucose.Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-GFS ufinyelele amathani ayi-863,7. Nokho, engxenyeni ye-glucose syrups, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Rustark LLC kukhuphuke ngo-142% (ekhiqizwe amathani angu-438,8). LLC " I-Newbio ikhulise ukukhiqizwa ngokuphindwe kasithupha, ikhiqiza amathani angu-35 ezinyangeni ezingu-23 zika-921,0, ngaleyo ndlela igcwalisa amasheya ezinkampani eziseCentral Federal District ezinciphisa ukukhiqizwa.
Esigabeni se-GFS, ukukhula okuphawulekayo (11%) kwabonwa kuphela yi-Cargill LLC, eyakhiqiza amathani angu-62 we-glucose-fructose syrups yamazinga ahlukahlukene obumnandi. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuhamba kwabadlali bomhlaba wonke, abakhiqizi beziphuzo ezibandayo, abakhetha ushukela we-beet. "Siyabona ukuthi izintandokazi ziyashintsha zivuna ama-syrups njengezithako ezihlukile kunoshukela owuketshezi. Nokho, kubathengi abaningi, i-GFS isalokhu ingumkhiqizo “ongalungile”. Esinye isici esinqumayo yintengo kashukela", kuphawula u-Oleg Radin.
I-Glucose syrups - ukukhula kwesidingo sokuthekelisa
Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwamasyrups ngesikhathi sokubika kwehliswe kwaba “ziro”. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-glucose isiraphu kukhuphuke ngo-59%, okufinyelele kumathani angu-4. Phakathi kwamazwe amakhulu angenisayo yiTurkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, neRepublic of Moldova.
I-Maltodextrin ekhiqizwe i-15% ngaphansi kwenkathi ehambisanayo ngonyaka odlule, eyafinyelela amathani angu-24 592. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi engxenyeni yamanje yonyaka, i-Rustark LLC yandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza ku-10 (224% ngaphezulu), futhi i-Newbio LLC iyancipha. isabelo sayo sokukhiqiza sifinyelela kumathani ayi-46 (14% ngaphansi), sishintshela kuma-syrups eglucose. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhhafu womthamo wokukhiqiza we-Rustark wawenziwe nge-maltodextrin ehlanzwe kakhulu ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-MultyDex.
Isikhathi samanje singabonakala ngokuncipha kukho kokubili ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwama-maltodextrin. Elokuqala lehle ngo-9%, lafinyelela kumathani angu-1, elesibili - ngama-809,3%, libe ngamathani angu-24. Phakathi kwamazwe amakhulu angenisa ngaphandle iTurkey, Uzbekistan, Colombia, Israel nePoland.
I-L-lysine sulfate ikhiqize amathani angu-61, empeleni afana nomthamo wokukhiqiza wangonyaka odlule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kwehle kakhulu (okungaphansi ngamaphesenti angama-097,0), okwafinyelela kumathani angu-76. Amabhizinisi aseRussia naseBelarus acishe ahlangabezana ngokuphelele nezidingo zawo zasekhaya zale amino acid.
Amaprotheni ezitshalo angumholi wokuthekelisa
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni ezitshalo njenge-wheat gluten kanye ne-corn gluten engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2023 kwaba amathani angu-42 namathani angu-543,0, ngokulandelana.
Ukuthengiswa kwe-wheat gluten (gluten) kuhlala kuphakeme ngokwesiko (67% yomkhiqizo ophelele eRussia) - amathani angama-28 kulo nyaka, njengoba imakethe yabathengi yasekhaya ingathuthukisiwe ngokwanele. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokuthunyelwa kwe-gluten ivela emazweni afana neNorway, i-USA neTurkey. Ungagqamisa futhi iBrazil, Israel kanye neRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea. Umkhiqizo uthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla kwezinhlanzi nezilwane ezikhiqiza ukudla.
Ingxenye ye-corn gluten ibukeka ihlukile. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zika-2023, amathani ayi-6 angenisiwe (ama-033,3% ngaphezulu) kumthamo wemakethe yasekhaya. Amazwe amakhulu athumela ngaphandle ahlanganisa iChina, iNetherlands neSlovakia. Ingxenye isalokhu incike ekungeniseni kwamanye amazwe ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi i-corn gluten iwumkhiqizo ovela ekugayweni okujulile kokusanhlamvu, okungabandakanyi ngaphezu kuka-22% lapho isitashi kanye nokuphuma kwaso kuhlukanisiwe.
Imikhiqizo ethembisayo yokwenziwa kwasendaweni eRussia
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lemikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu ecutshungulwe kakhulu ayikakhiqizwa eRussia. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwedatha yamasiko, kunesidingo sabo emakethe yasekhaya. Ngakho-ke, lezi zithako zingaba nentshisekelo yokwenziwa kwasendaweni kokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, njengokuthi:
- I-crystalline fructose (amakhemikhali ahlanzekile) - amathani angaba ngu-2023 angenisiwe engxenyeni yokuqala ka-3;
- Amaprotheni agxila (amaprotheni emifino ekudleni), ngaphandle kommbila nokolweni gluten, - amathani angaba ngu-3 angenisiwe;
- Ama-protein isolate (amaprotheni emifino embonini yokudla) - amathani ayi-6 angenisiwe;
- Ama-Organic acids (i-acetic, i-lactic, i-citric) esewonke amathani angama-43 angenisiwe;
I-Polylactide (izinto zokupakisha ezibolayo) - amathani ayi-165,4 angenisiwe;
Amalungiselelo e-Enzyme (ozosetshenziswa embonini yokudla, kufaka phakathi i-hydrolysis yesitashi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose syrups) - amathani angaba ngu-6.
«Kunenqwaba yemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa amabhizinisi aseRussia, kodwa amandla abo awanele ukumboza izidingo zasekhaya. Phakathi kwezithako ezikhangayo zokutshala izimali kufanele kuqokonyiswe: i-dextrose (i-glucose monohydrate) ne-sorbitol (i-sweetener) - ekhiqizwa yi-Russian Federation yibhizinisi elilodwa, noma kunjalo, ukungenisa, isibonelo, i-sorbitol kwaba amathani angu-3.“, kuphawula u-Oleg Radin, uMongameli weNhlangano Yezinkampani Ezithuthukile Zokucubungula Okusanhlamvu.