Ngo-2023, iRussia yathembela ekwandiseni ukukhiqizwa kwezinye izinto embonini ejulile yokucubungula okusanhlamvu, okuthinte izimo zemakethe kanye nempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Imiphumela yomsebenzi wemboni ka-2023 yethulwe yi-Soyuzstarch Association of Advanced Grain Processing Enterprises.
Sekukonke, amathani angama-2023 esitashi somdabu (ummbila, ukolweni namazambane) akhiqizwa eRussia ngo-390. Ngo-828, lesi sibalo sasingamathani angama-2022. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani eliphelele lesitashi somdabu esithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe ngonyaka odlule lafinyelela kumathani angama-377. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ngo-824, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe isitashi esifanayo kwakucishe kuphindwe kabili futhi kwafinyelela kumathani angama-20. Ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwaba amathani ayi-665, okungaphansi ngo-2022% (amathani angama-38) kunonyaka odlule.
Isamba sokukhiqizwa kwesitashi somdabu ngo-2023 sasiqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukwanda kwesitashi sombila, esakhiqizwa ngamathani angaphezu kuka-328. Kodwa-ke, ukungeniswa kwesitashi sombila ngo-607 kwaba amathani angama-2023, okulingana nokuncika okungaphansi kwe-2% kwamanye amazwe. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele cishe kumathani ayi-736, ukwehla ngo-1% uma kuqhathaniswa no-19, okubangelwe ukunyuka kwezindleko zezokuthutha kanye nezinkinga zokukhokha ngemali yezwe.
Ngokwesiko isitashi sikakolweni sithathe indawo yesibili ngokwemiqulu yokukhiqiza, esikhiqize amathani angu-50 ngonyaka odlule. Inani lempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle belingelutho (amathani angama-374), futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe (amathani angama-24) kwehle ngo-394% uma kuqhathaniswa nowezi-73.
Kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi samazambane kuhlezi kusezingeni eliphansi ngokuqhubekayo. Ngo-2023, yakhiqizwa ngaphezulu kwamathani ayi-11. Ngasikhathi sinye, yangeniswa ezweni lethu ngevolumu yamathani angama-846 (okungu-7% ngaphansi kwango-222), kodwa yathunyelwa ngaphandle ngezinga lika-67, ngevolumu ecishe ibe ngamathani angama-2022. Ngokuvamile, ukwehla kwempahla yokungenisa isitashi samazambane kungase kube ngenxa yokushintshwa kwayo ekuphekeni ngommbila ongabizi kakhulu kanye nesitashi sikakolweni, kanye nezinguquko emgqeni womkhiqizo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezitashi eziguquliwe kwaba ngaphezu kwamathani ayi-100. Lokhu kungaphansi ngo-544% kunango-6 (amathani ayi-2022 akhiqizwa ngaleso sikhathi). E-Russia, njengangaphambili, kukhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ukuguqulwa kwezimboni, ezisetshenziswa njengama-reagents okumba, kanye nezimboni ze-pulp, iphepha nezindwangu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kuvezwa ikakhulukazi ukuguqulwa kokudla kwesitashi. Ngo-2023, izinsiza zaba cishe amathani angama-54 (ngaphansi kuka-780% kunonyaka odlule), kodwa kwathunyelwa amathani ayi-23 kuphela (ngaphansi kwama-1767% kunonyaka odlule).
«Naphezu kobunzima, unyaka odlule ube muhle ngokuphelele. Ngezizathu ezisobala, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe wehla (ngo-10%). Kube khona ukushintshwa okumba eqolo kanye nesitashi samazambane ngama-analogue ashibhile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umthamo wezinto ezithengwayo wehla ngo-7%, okunomthelela omuhle ezimeni zemakethe.“, kuphawula u-Oleg Radin, uMongameli weNhlangano Yezinkampani Ezithuthukile Zokucubungula Okusanhlamvu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-starch syrups (ama-glucose syrups) ahlalanga angashintshiwe - amavolumu awo afinyelela kumathani angama-499. Amathani angama-255 kuphela angeniswa kuleli zwe, njengoba amabhizinisi aseRussia ahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zemakethe yasekhaya, kodwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emakethe yangaphandle kwaba amathani angaphezu kuka-27 (9% ngaphezu konyaka ngaphambili). Phakathi kwamazwe aphambili angenisa amazwe yi-Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, iRiphabhulikhi yaseMoldova, njll.
I-Glucose-fructose syrups (GFS) eRussia ngo-2023 yakhiqizwa ngamathani angama-293. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-432 (amathani angama-2022), amanani okukhiqiza akhuphuke ngo-277%. Ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe akunakwa, kufinyelela kumathani angu-823 no-6 ngo-2 nango-36. ngokulandelana. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nakho akubalulekile - amathani angama-2023 nama-2022, ngokulandelana. Isizathu esiyinhloko: I-GFS iwumkhiqizo wemakethe wasendaweni ongenanzuzo ukuwuhambisa amabanga amade. Ngasikhathi sinye, imakethe ye-GFS ibonise amandla amahle kakhulu phakathi kwawo wonke uhla lwemikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu ecutshungulwe kakhulu, okungenzeka kube ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kweziphuzo ezingezona ezidakayo nezinotshwala obuphansi ehlobo, kanye ukwanda kokugeleza kwezivakashi ezweni.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Maltodextrin ngo-2023 kwaba amathani angama-47, kwehle ngo-823% (amathani angama-13) uma kuqhathaniswa no-54. Abanye abakhiqizi babone ithuba lokukhiqiza isiraphu eyomile ye-glucose kanye nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kweziraphu zesitashi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kuphinde kwehlela kumathani ayi-960 (2022 amathani ngo-2), futhi ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kudlule amathani ayi-196, kunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngama-3% (amathani ayi-359 athunyelwa ngaphandle ngo-2022).
Phakathi nonyaka, ama-glucose monohydrate angu-20 akhiqizwa eRussia. Amathani angu-000 14 emikhiqizo angenisiwe, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kudlule amathani angu-168. Futhi, amathani angu-595 e-sorbitol namathani angu-7 we-fructose ehlanzekile ngamakhemikhali angeniswa ezweni - izinto ezingakhiqizwa eRussia.
Ngokuqondene namaprotheni ezitshalo, amathani angaphezu kuka-2023 we-wheat gluten (gluten) akhiqizwa eRussia ngo-84, okuyi-992% ngaphansi kokukhiqizwa ngo-8 (2022 amathani). Ngaso leso sikhathi, umkhiqizo ojwayele ukuthekelisa wathunyelwa ngaphandle ngenani elingamathani angama-92 (okungaphansi ngo-900% kunangowezi-39 - amathani angama-636), okungenzeka kube ngenxa yokwenqaba kwamazwe angenabungane ukuthenga. Ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kube ngamathani angama-55, kwehle ngokuphindwe kane uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule (amathani ayi-2022).
Amabhizinisi akhiqize amathani angaphezu kuka-59 we-corn gluten (uma kuqhathaniswa: ngo-277 - amathani angu-2022). Ngasikhathi sinye, ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwe-corn gluten kwaba amathani angaphezu kuka-58, kwehle ngo-781% (noma amathani ayi-10 ngo-266). Bezingekho izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ngo-2023, amathani ayi-106 we-protein concentrates (soy, pea) akhiqizwa eRussia, kanye namathani ayi-500 we-(soy) yemifino yemifino eyedwa. Umthamo wokungenisa amaprotheni agxile ku-10, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe - amathani ayi-000. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaprotheni emifino kwangeniswa eRussia ngenani lamathani ayi-2, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwaba amathani angama-684.
Ngo-2023, amabhizinisi eRussia akhiqize amathani angaphezu kuka-111 we-L-lysine sulfate - 738% ngaphansi kuka-22. Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwe-lysine (ikakhulukazi isesimweni se-monohydrochloride) kufinyelele kumathani acishe abe ngu-2022, okungama-29% ngaphansi kwezinga lokungenisa ngo-387 (amathani angama-57). Ukuthunyelwa kwe-lysine kwamanye amazwe kungabizwa ngokuthi akubalulekile, ngoba kwakungamathani angu-2022 kuphela. Mayelana namanye ama-amino acid abalulekile, ngokwenkampani yokuhlaziya i-Feedlot, ngo-68, amathani angama-783 e-threonine kanye namathani ayi-258 e-tryptophan ahlinzekwa ezweni.
Ngokuqondene neminye imikhiqizo ye-microbiological synthesis, ngo-2023, amathani angu-2 e-acetic acid, amathani angu-040 e-lactic acid namathani angu-10 e-citric acid angeniswa eRussia.
"Imikhiqizo emincanei-biological synthesis ithembisa kakhulu emakethe yaseRussia. Iphrojekthi ye-organic acid isivele isetshenziswa yinkampani yakwaRustark. Sikhiqiza i-lysine, kodwa asikhiqizi i-threonine, i-tryptophan namanye ama-amino acid. Futhi, izithako zokudla zingabonakala njenge-block ehlukile, ikakhulukazi ushukela otshwala: i-sorbitol, i-maltitol, i-erythritol, njll.“U-Oleg Radin wachaza.
«Sekukonke, ngo-2023 sakwazi ukugcina isikhundla sethu ekukhiqizeni, kodwa ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo kwamanye amazwe kwehlile. Kepha ngicabanga ukuthi imboni izobhekana nobunzima, yakhiwe kabusha, futhi kulo nyaka ka-2024 umphumela uzoba muhle. ”, kwengeza u-Oleg Radin.