IPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezolimo u-Elena Fastova ukhulume ngezinguquko eziyinhloko ohlelweni lokusekelwa kombuso we-agro-industrial complex lapho exoxisana noRossiyskaya Gazeta.
Ekuqaleni, inani lokusekelwa nguhulumeni kwe-agro-industrial complex kulo nyaka libe ngaphansi kunonyaka odlule. Kwengezwe malini? Ingakanani imali esetshenziselwe ukuhlwanyela?
Elena Fastova: Isabelomali sokuqala sika-2023 sasingama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-445,8. Kuze kube manje, sikwazile ukwandisa inani cishe ngama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-26,7, kuya kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-472,5. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nekota yokuqala, sengeze izimali zokuthutha imikhiqizo yezolimo - ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4. Uma sicabangela isimo ngamanani okusanhlamvu, sengeze inani elifanayo lokusekelwa kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 okusekelwe. Ngoxhaso lwendabuko oluvuselelayo kanye nesinxephezelo, ukukhuphuka kube cishe kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5,5 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Okusho ukuthi, izimali ziqondiswe ikakhulukazi ekusekeleni okuqondile kwabakhiqizi bezolimo. Ngokuqondene nomkhankaso wokuhlwanyela, okwamanje abalimi bathumele cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12 ukukhokhela izindleko zomanyolo wamaminerali.
Ingabe imikhawulo eyabelwe emalimboleko ekhethwayo izokwanela abalimi? Zisetshenziswa kuphi kakhulu?
Elena Fastova: Izimali mboleko ezikhethwayo ziyisilinganiso esifunwa kakhulu sosekelo. Njalo ngonyaka sinyusa imingcele kubo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, abakhiqizi bezolimo bakhathazekile ngokuthi ngeke babe nemali eyanele eyabelwe. Uma siqhathanisa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2022, sisengaphakathi kwaleyo mikhawulo. Ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-19 abelwe imali mboleko emifushane. NgoMeyi, sandise inani lalesi siqondiso, ngoba abakhiqizi bezolimo basheshe baqonda imali eyayabelwe ekuqaleni. Izimali mboleko zamaphrojekthi wokutshala izimali nazo zisetshenziswa kakhulu kulo nyaka: uma lowo nyaka wonke ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,8 abelwe wona, khona-ke kulo nyaka - kakade ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5,5. Siyaqonda ukuthi lolu hlobo losekelo ludingeka kakhulu, ngakho njengoba kukhishwa uxhaso olungafunwanga, sinyusa ngokushesha amanani emalimboleko emisha. Silindele ukuthi sizoba nethuba lokwengeza imingcele phakathi nomkhankaso wokuvuna.
Iningi lemalimboleko (41%) lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izitshalo. Emalimboleko yokutshala izimali kulo nyaka, isidingo sokubolekwa kwemali kumaphrojekthi ahlobene nokucubungula imikhiqizo yezolimo sikhule kakhulu. Futhi lokhu kuhle, ngoba sidinga ukuthuthukisa izinga eliphezulu lokusabalalisa kabusha kule ngxenye.
Yiziphi izindlela zokusekela ezingabizwa ngokuthi azithandwa kubalimi? Ingabe uzowakhansela? Futhi, ngokuphambene, yiziphi izibonelelo ozoyethula?
U-Elena Fastova: Asinazo izindlela zokusekela ezingathandwayo: ukusetshenziswa kwesabelomali semali yonyaka ngama-99,9%. Kodwa izinguquko zihleliwe. Manje kunemixhaso emibili - evuselelayo neyisinxephezelo. Empeleni, umbono ongemuva koxhaso lwe-stimulus bekuwukukhulisa umkhiqizo. Kodwa namuhla sesikuzuzile ukuvikeleka kokudla kuzo zonke izindawo, futhi sesikweqe kwezinye izindawo. Ngakho-ke, kunqunywe ukuthi kusukela ngonyaka ozayo sizohlanganisa lezi zinsiza ezimbili, sisuse ama-incentives. Umsebenzi wethu uwukugcina nokusekela ukukhiqizwa, hhayi ukugqugquzela.
Ngonyaka odlule, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwezolimo zenyuka kakhulu. Ingabe ukwesekwa kombuso kukunxephezela ngezinga elingakanani lokhu kukhula?
Elena Fastova: Umsebenzi wethu oyinhloko awukona kakhulu ukunxephezela izindleko zokwehla kwamandla emali, kodwa ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo. Kodwa kungenzeka ukubala isabelo sokusekelwa kombuso esakhiweni sezindleko. Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngemboni. Isinxephezelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sitholwa ekufuyweni kobisi, kanye nasekuzaleni izimbuzi nezimvu - 8,7%. Futhi, isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni imifino, isinxephezelo asiphezulu kakhulu - ngaphakathi kwe-3%.
Ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-472,5 asevele abelwe ukusekela inkimbinkimbi yezimboni zezolimo kulo nyaka, okungama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-26,7 ngaphezu kwalokho obekuhleliwe ekuqaleni.
Muva nje, uxhaso lokuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo lunyusiwe. Ubani ozoyithola le mali? Ingabe kuhlelwe ukubuyekeza le nto yezindleko?
Elena Fastova: Ngenxa yokuthi kube nokukhuphuka okuphawulekayo kwezindleko zokuthutha, futhi sidinga ukuthumela okusanhlamvu kwamanye amazwe kusukela ekuvuneni okuphezulu kuka-2022, senyuse inani lemali yokuthumela okusanhlamvu kusuka ku-7 billion kuya kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-11. Lolu xhaso lutholwa abakhiqizi bezolimo ngokuqondile. Kungu-25% wezindleko zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezokuthutha - ujantshi, ulwandle, umfula, umgwaqo. Kukhona noxhaso lwezokuthutha zendlela eyodwa ye-Russian Railways - inkampani ibuyiselwa i-100%, futhi umkhiqizi wezolimo ujabulela intela ekhethwayo yokuthutha okusanhlamvu, imbewu kawoyela, imikhiqizo yokucubungula okujulile nezinhlanzi. Lapha siphinde sandisa ukwesekwa kusukela ku-2,3 billion eyayihlelelwe ekuqaleni kuya kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6,3.
Kusukela kulo nyaka, amabhizinisi amancane kanye nabazisebenzayo bangathola ukwesekwa nguhulumeni ngokutshala imifino namazambane. Ingabe lokhu kusekelwa kuyadingeka?
Elena Fastova: 2023 billion wama-ruble abelwe uhlelo olusha lokuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwemifino namazambane ngo-5. Lokhu kuphindwe kabili kunalokhu okwabelwa kule ndawo ngo-2022. Kulo nyaka, ngokokuqala ngqa, amapulazi angaphansi komuntu siqu kanye namafomu amancane angathola ukwesekwa okunjalo. Kuze kube manje, ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-170 akhethiwe ngaphansi kohlelo. Kodwa izindleko ezenziwe ziyanxeshezelwa, futhi manje sezivaliwe ekukhuleni kwemifino. Ngakho-ke, sizobona isithombe esigcwele (kuhlanganise nenani lamaphesenti ale mali abantu abazisebenzayo nabancane abathathile) engxenyeni yesithathu. Ngiqinisekile ukuthi lesi silinganiso sokusekelwa sizodingeka.
Ngonyaka odlule, sathi zingaphansi kuka-10% izilimo ezifakwe umshwalense ezweni. Yini eshintshile kusukela lapho? Kungani uhlelo lomshwalense wezolimo lungadingeki kubalimi?
Elena Fastova: Saqala sisuka esisekelweni esiphansi kakhulu - ngo-2018, cishe wawungekho umshwalense wezolimo. Futhi siqede u-2022 ngo-8,6%. Ngakho kukhona ukukhula. Kusukela ngo-2019, sikhule ngo-1% ngonyaka mayelana nokubhekwa komhlaba wezolimo onomshwalense. Ngalowo nyaka sethula uhlobo olusha lomshwalense - oluvela ezimeni eziphuthumayo, nalo olukhuphule ukuhlinzekwa komshuwalense.
Zimbili izizathu zokungathandwa komshwalense wezolimo. Ngaphambilini, abakhiqizi bezolimo babenokuhlangenwe nakho okungalungile: uma befaka izitshalo zomshuwalense, ngokuvamile abazange bathole isinxephezelo. Ngakho-ke, manje kunzima ukubaqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sesishintshile. Futhi isizathu sesibili yiRussia yethu mhlawumbe, lapho ungafuni ukuchitha imali ngethemba lokuthi izoshaya. Noma kunjalo, sinezifunda ezifake umshwalense ongaphezu kuka-50% wezindawo ezitshaliwe. Lesi yisifunda saseTambov, iTrans-Baikal Territory, Primorye. Baqaphela ukuthi ngaphandle komshwalense, ungalahlekelwa yisitshalo sonke ngaphandle kokuthola isinxephezelo.
Ekufuyweni kwezilwane, imiphumela inethemba kakhulu - ngokwesilinganiso, i-40% yemfuyo ifakwe kumshuwalense eRussia. Futhi kunezifunda lapho lesi sibalo sithambekele ku-100%. Abafuyi bemfuyo sebebonile ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kuyanxeshezelwa, akukho okusabayo, ngakho bangena kumshwalense. Ngikholwa ukuthi uguquko lwenzekile nakumshwalense wezitshalo. Ngokwezibikezelo zethu, ngo-2023 sizodlula izinga lika-9,5% we-acreage enomshwalense, futhi ngonyaka ozayo sizofinyelela ku-10%.
Kunjani ukufakwa esikhundleni sesofthiwe yangaphandle?
Elena Fastova: Ngonyaka odlule, kwasungulwa ikomidi lezimboni kanye nezikhungo ezintathu zamakhono okukhiqiza izitshalo, ukufuywa kwezilwane nokucubungula, ngo-2023 kwavela okwesine - kwezokudoba. Umsebenzi wabo ukugqamisa leyo mikhiqizo yesofthiwe okwamanje engenisiwe kuphela futhi edinga ukushintshwa. Amaphrojekthi ayisithupha abalulekile asekhethiwe futhi agunyazwa yikhomishini kahulumeni, amabili ohlangothini ngalunye. Kulezi, ezintathu seziyasebenza, ezimbili seziyitholile izibonelelo zikahulumeni. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka, futhi ibhizinisi libambe iqhaza elikhulu kuwo.