Kusuka kumagazini No. 4 2014
Isigaba: Abantu bokuqala
Le ngxoxo siyimemezele kumagazini wokugcina, lapho sibhala ngesikhundla esisha sika-Alexander Vasilyevich Bogomaz, indoda eyaziwa kakhulu emphakathini wamazambane, inhloko yakamuva yepulazi labalimi abaphumelelayo kanye nesekela le-State Duma. Futhi ngakho inhlolokhono yenzeka.
Naphezu kwesimiso sakhe esimatasa, u-Alexander Vasilyevich wathola isikhathi sokutshela abafundi bakamagazini wamazambane mayelana nesimanje nekusasa lezolimo esifundeni ayephathiswe sona.
- U-Alexander Vasilievich, ngokubona kwakho, iyiphi indima edlalwa ezolimo (ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokukhula kwamazambane, ikakhulukazi) emnothweni wesifunda saseBryansk? Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthuthukiswa kwale mboni esifundeni?
- Isifunda saseBryansk sasisezolimo futhi sihlala sisezolimo. Lokhu kunobunzima bakho kanye nezinzuzo zako. Umhlaba udinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, uletha imali kuphela kulabo abasebenza kuwo njengomnikazi: bayawuzwa, bayawuqonda, bawulime njengoba kufanele, futhi bawunike umanyolo omningi. Kwezolimo, ungaphumelela, ungathola imali, kodwa futhi udinga ukutshala umsebenzi omningi - nomsebenzi wansuku zonke. Kunabantu esifundeni saseBryansk abakwazi ukusebenza kanje, futhi kumele sibaseke.
Isifunda sethu sinamandla amakhulu; sikhiqiza imikhiqizo yezolimo (amazambane, okusanhlamvu, izinkukhu, ingulube) kakhulu kunalokho esikudlayo. Ngokwethulwa kwe-embargo ekuhlinzekweni kwemikhiqizo evela emazweni aseYurophu iye eRussia, sinethuba eliyingqayizivele lokondla izifunda ezingomakhelwane (futhi, mhlawumbe, namazwe). Sizoyisebenzisa nakanjani!
Ezolimo akuwona umgodi omnyama, njengoba abanye besho. Lena imboni ethembisa kakhulu, enenzuzo engaba umholi emnothweni wesifunda. Futhi nakanjani uzoba njalo.
- Manje usihlola kanjani isimo semboni yamazambane "esihlahleni samazambane" saseRussia? Yini esingaziqhenya ngayo isifunda saseBryansk? (Ngokwesibonelo, ngizwe mayelana nokuvulwa kwakamuva kwesakhiwo esisha esikhulu sokugcina, ukuhlunga nokupakisha amazambane). Yini edinga ukuguqulwa?
- Siyabonga ngencazelo enjalo yesifunda sethu - "inqolobane yamazambane yaseRussia." Lokhu kubophezela abakhiqizi bethu bezolimo ukuthi benze okuningi. Ngokubona kwami, uma kukhona okudinga ukuguqulwa ekulimeni amazambane, kusho ukuthi, "emakhanda." Yonke into isivele ivuliwe futhi yethulwa, okumele ukwenze ukukwazi kahle futhi ukusebenzise!
Manje esifundeni sethu amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-22 abelwe ukukhulisa "isinkwa sesibili". Ezikhathini zamaSoviet, amasimu amazambane ayethatha amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-110. Kodwa izinga lokukhiqiza alikho ngaphansi kweSoviet Union. Sinamapulazi ahlukene kakhulu asebenza ekukhuleni amazambane: amakhulu, aphakathi, amancane - futhi cishe wonke aphumelele kakhulu. Ukuvuna kuyaqhathaniswa (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphambili) nezimpumelelo zaseYurophu. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo kusukela ngo-Okthoba 6, uma sithatha zonke izinhlobo zamapulazi esifundeni saseBryansk, ngesivuno esilinganiselwe se-263 c / ha, amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-564 avunwa. Lokhu kuphindwe kabili kunalolu suku onyakeni odlule!
Ekupheleni kwesizini, siqoqa cishe amathani ayisigidi "esinkwa sesibili," kodwa lokhu kukude nomkhawulo. Umbuzo wonke usekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe besimanje, ukusabalalisa ulwazi olungcono kakhulu, nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu okugcina, ngombono wami, kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba konke kuncike kumuntu. Akwanele ukuthenga imishini yakamuva bese uphonsa imbewu enhle emhlabathini ...
Ngokuqondene nephrojekthi oyishilo, yebo, yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo: esikhundleni sesakhiwo esilahliwe sesikhungo sokuzivikela sangaphambili edolobhaneni laseKletnya, kwavela indawo yesimanje, ebanzi yokugcina amazambane. Ulayini wokupakisha uklanyelwe ukupakisha amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha ezigaxa. Umtshali-zimali ekwakhiweni kwalesi sakhiwo kwakunguBryansk-Agro LLC (umsunguli uVyacheslav Nikiforov), elinye lamabhizinisi ezolimo akhula kakhulu amazambane esifundeni saseBryansk. Uma sikhuluma ngalokho isifunda sethu esingaziqhenya ngakho, ngamapulazi anjalo - athuthuka ngenkuthalo, akhula, athembisayo.
Zihlulele ngokwakho: ngo-2013, iBryansk-Agro LLC yabela amahektha angu-590 amazambane, ngo-2014 - kakade amahektha angu-745, ngo-2015 kuhlelwe ukwandisa indawo kumahektha angu-900-1000. Futhi imiphumela mihle kakhulu (ngowezi-2013, amathani ayizi-9675 amazambane avunwa ngesivuno sika-275 c/ha).
Ngo-2012-2013, iBryansk-Agro LLC yayiphakathi kwamabhizinisi athola ukwesekwa kukahulumeni (ngenani lama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-81) ngaphansi kohlelo "Ukuthuthukiswa kokucubungula amazambane esifundeni saseBryansk." Ngaso leso sikhathi, ingqalasizinda yebhizinisi yayihlanganisa izindawo ezimbili zokugcina amazambane: entsha enamandla okugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, ifakwe ulayini wesimanje wokuhlanza okomile nokupakishwa kwamazambane, kanye nesakhiwe kabusha esinamandla okugcina ayizinkulungwane ezi-3,7. amathani.
Yini enye ebalulekile kithi emisebenzini yaleli pulazi? Imisebenzi yabantu basemakhaya! Phakathi nenkathi yomsebenzi omkhulu wezolimo, abantu abangafika ku-100 basebenza lapha. Phakathi nezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili zalo nyaka, isilinganiso somholo wanyanga zonke sasingama-ruble angu-33242 XNUMX (isibalo esihle kakhulu ngisho nasemadolobheni).
— Yiziphi izindlela ozibonayo zokukhula kwemboni? Isibonelo sasiphi isifunda saseRussia (noma sangaphandle) esibonakala sithakazelisa kuwe mayelana nokwenza ngcono ukulima kwamazambane?
– Imboni isivele iyakhula. Lokhu akuqinisekiswanga kuphela izinkomba zokuvuna amazambane kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwamabhizinisi, kodwa futhi nokubuyekezwa kwabavakashi abangochwepheshe abeza osukwini lwendabuko lwaseBryansk Field.
Njalo ngonyaka, maphakathi noJulayi, umbukiso ovulekile uqhutshwa esifundeni saseBryansk, lapho abalimi bethula impumelelo yabo, ubuchwepheshe, imbewu, izinhlobo ezintsha kanye nentuthuko yesayensi. Ngiyakumema nabafundi bakho ukuthi beze, uzozibonela ngawakho yonke into futhi usitshele ngalo mcimbi.
Ngendlela, eBryansk Field Day ungahlangana nezithunywa ezivela eRiphabhulikhi yaseBelarus, eziqhenya ngamazambane ayo, namaJalimane namaDashi - nabo beza kithi ukuze bathole ulwazi.
- Kusukela esikhundleni somuntu ozazi kahle izidingo zomlimi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo - umbusi, hlola: ingabe izinhlelo zesifunda zokusekelwa kwezimali kubakhiqizi bezolimo ziyadingeka (ukwabiwa kwezibonelelo, njll.)?
- Izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ziyadingeka. Isifunda saseBryansk sibamba iqhaza ohlelweni oluhlosiwe lwesikhathi eside oluthi "Ukuthuthukiswa Okuphelele kwemboni yokulima amazambane": sithola ukwesekwa okukhulu kwezezimali kwisabelomali sombuso futhi siyingezela ngezimali zayo zesifunda. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo, ngo-2013, isibonelo, abalimi bamazambane bathola usizo oluvela kumgcinimafa wombuso ngenani lama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-68,5, engeza enye ingxenye yesithathu - ukubambisana kwesifunda ngezimali.
Kulo nyaka, lolu hlelo ludlule ohlelweni oluncintisanayo lokukhetha eMnyangweni Wezolimo, kodwa akukatholakali imali okwamanje. Kodwa, ngiyaphinda, uhlelo luvikelekile, futhi izimali zizofika nakanjani.
Ngokuqondene nezinhlelo ezihlangene noMnyango Wezolimo ukusekela abakhiqizi bezolimo, cishe cishe ishumi nambili nengxenye yabo esifundeni saseBryansk: lokhu kuhlanganisa "ukusekelwa kwehektha ngalinye", "ilitha yobisi", "ukuqala". nepulazi lomndeni” nabanye. Izibonelelo ziyahlinzekwa, izinga lenzalo emalini ebolekiwe liyakhokhwa - izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zosekelo.
Kukhona nezinhlelo zesifunda kuphela. Isibonelo, ukusekela izisebenzi zezolimo ezisencane ezifika zizosebenza emaphandleni, kanye nokubamba imibukiso nemibukiso. Ngingasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi isifunda saseBryansk siphakathi kweziyishumi eziphezulu eRussian Federation ngokomthamo wokusekelwa kwabakhiqizi bezolimo.
— Ingabe zikhona izinhlelo ezintsha ezisasetshenzwa?
“Sifuna ukwethula uhlelo lokugqugquzela ukusabalalisa umhlaba wokulima ongasetshenzisiwe - lawo masimu amile manje, agcwele ukhula nezihlahla ze-birch. Sonke siyaqonda ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi awusekho umhlaba, kunalokho, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, izindawo ezilungele izitshalo zihlala zincipha. Lena inkinga ecindezelayo!
Futhi isikhathi sibalulekile lapha: uhlelo kufanele luqale ukusebenza maduze nje. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke sikwazi ukusebenzisa izindawo eziningi.
- Abezindaba babhale izikhathi eziningi mayelana nezinhlelo zezinkampani ezinkulu ezihlobene nokwakhiwa kwamabhizinisi okucubungula amazambane emhlabeni waseBryansk. Ingabe amaphrojekthi afanayo azokwenziwa?
- Konke okuletha futhi okuzoletha imali engenayo esikhathini esizayo kwisabelomali sesifunda saseBryansk nomasipala, okuzosiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo esifundeni, ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantu, kuzosebenza futhi kusetshenziswe. Sizobheja amaphrojekthi asebenzayo noma akwazi ukuba njalo. Kuze kube manje, asinciphisi iphrojekthi eyodwa yokutshala imali endaweni yethu yezimboni zezolimo. Abantu batshala imali, bakhe amapulazi kanye nezakhiwo zokucubungula, badale amathuba emisebenzi emisha, futhi uhulumeni wesifunda uzobaseka ngempela abatshalizimali abanjalo.
Ngokuqondene namaphrojekthi wokucubungula amazambane, ayasebenza. Kunezigaba, kunezinhlelo. Kuze kube manje akekho ozilahlayo, futhi iziphathimandla ngeke neze zibaphazamise!
- Iyiphi isipiliyoni sabalimi bamazambane baseBryansk ocabanga ukuthi siphumelele kakhulu futhi sithembisa?
- Isifunda saseStarodubsky singumholi esifundeni saseBryansk. Ngaphezu kwamabhizinisi aziwayo e-TNV "Red October" kanye ne-IP Putsko L.I. kulo lonke elaseRussia, sinamanye amapulazi amazambane, okumele abaholi bawo abanye balingise!
UVladimir Zhutenkov (Druzhba LLC, Zhiryatinsky esifundeni).
Waqala ukusebenzisa amaphrojekthi okutshala amazambane ngo-2010, ngokushesha wahlwanyela amahektha ayi-1000 amazambane (manje angamahektha ayi-1500). Ngawo lowo nyaka, wakha indawo enkulu yokugcina amazambane eRussia enamandla amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40.
Ngo-2014, inkampani yaqala ukwakha enye indawo yokugcina amazambane amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10 ngemishini ekhethekile yokuqandisa ukuze kudayiswe imikhiqizo sekwephuzile. Lesi sikhungo sizosetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuvuna sika-2015.
Kumanje kufakwa ulayini wokuwasha amazambane nowapakisha omthamo wamathani ayi-15 ngehora.
U-Nikolay Pashutko (ipulazi lepulazi "Intuthuko", isifunda sase-Starodubsky).
Leli pulazi belilokhu lisebenza kusukela ngo-1992. Inezindawo ezinhlanu zokugcina amazambane ezinomthamo ophelele wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40. Kulo nyaka, isivuno sezinhlobo ze-Jelly sasingaphezu kuka-500 c/ha kanti ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Red Scarlett sasingu-400. Ngo-2014, le nkampani yathenga imishini yokutshala, yokuvuna nokucubungula amazambane ebiza ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili isebenzisa imali yayo.
Mikhail Dovgalev (IP "Dovgalev M.M.", Starodubsky esifundeni)
Ngaqala ukusebenza ngamazambane ngo-2002. Namuhla, lesi sitshalo sitshalwa endaweni engamahektha angaphezu kuka-3. Ngo-000, wakha izindawo ezimbili zokugcina amazambane ezinomthamo wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezintathu lilinye. Sekukonke, ipulazi lakhe selinezindawo zokugcina amazambane eziyisishiyagalombili.
Ngo-2014, ngakha nomshini wokomisa amathani angu-30 ngehora.
Izinhlelo zonyaka ozayo zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwenxanxathela yezindawo zokulondoloza ezine nenani eliphelele lamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10, ukuthenga ogandaganda abane kanye nesethi eyengeziwe yezinto zokusebenza zokutshala, ukucubungula nokuvuna amazambane.
UVyacheslav Melnichenko (IP "Melnichenko V.G.", isifunda saseDubrovsky)
Useneminyaka eyisikhombisa efuya amazambane. Indawo - amahektha angama-700. Noma bekunesomiso esinzima kuleli hlobo, ngithole isivuno esihle: 400 c/ha ezinhlobonhlobo zeBellarosa kanye no-350 c/ha ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Red Fantasy.
Kulo nyaka ngakhe kabusha uhlelo lokungenisa umoya ezindaweni zokugcina amazambane (kukhona okubili - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezintathu lilinye). Kokunye, ukulawula izinga lokushisa manje kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo (ukulawula isimo sezulu), kwenye - ngesandla.
Ngo-2013 ngathenga umshini wokuvuna omusha, futhi kulo nyaka ngithenge umshini wokutshala amazambane.
Ngo-2015, kunezinhlelo zokwakha izindawo ezintathu zokugcina amazambane amathani ayizinkulungwane ezimbili lilinye: amabili edolobhaneni lase-Aleshinka, elilodwa e-Afonino.
UMikhail Svistunov (ipulazi labalimi "Svistunov", isifunda saseStarodubsky)
Ipulazi likaMikhail Svistunov lineminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Kunamahektha angama-300 ngaphansi kwamazambane (sewonke, amahektha ayi-1000 ayalinywa epulazini). Ngonyaka ozayo, indawo engaphansi kwamazambane izokhula ibe amahektha angama-400. Isilinganiso sesivuno samazambane ngo-2014 singama-350 c/ha (isivuno esikhulu singama-420 c/ha).
Kulo nyaka ngithenge isethi yemishini: umshini wokuvuna ohlangene, umshini wokutshala kanye nomshini wokusika. Ngo-2015, indawo entsha yokugcina amazambane izokwakhiwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ukuze isivuno esisha.
Alexander Akhlamov (IP "Akhlamov A.V.", Starodubsky District)
Inezindawo zokugcina eziyisikhombisa zamazambane ezinomthamo ophelele wamathani angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-15. Utshala izinhlobo ezidumile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Red Scarlett, i-Natasha, ne-Zhuravinka emakethe. Izindleko zekhilogremu yamazambane avela ku-A. Akhlamov ngama-ruble angu-11-12 ngekhilogremu. Isebenza nabathengi abakhulu esifundeni saseRostov kanye nesifunda sase-Astrakhan. Ukuze kube lula kumakhasimende, umlimi wakha izikali zezimboni; ukuze athole ukunethezeka kwabasebenzi bakhe, manje wakha isakhiwo sokuphatha esine-canteen namashawa. Yakha izindawo zokugcina amazambane futhi ithola nemishini. Uzimisele ukuthuthukisa umnotho nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili.
- U-Alexander Vasilyevich, endaweni yokunethezeka emele isifunda saseBryansk embukisweni we-"Golden Autumn" eMoscow, kubonakala sengathi kukhona konke: ubisi, ushizi, inyama, amasoseji, amakhekhe ... Futhi ngandlela-thile amazambane ayesekhoneni, hhayi ekhoneni. konke kumaphakathi nombukiso. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile esifundeni ziyashintsha?
- Lona umbono wakho wokuqanjwa. Eqinisweni, esifundeni sethu, yonke imikhiqizo yezolimo iphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi amazambane.