Isigaba: Ukugaywa kabusha
Kusuka kumagazini No. 4 2015
Namuhla kuya ngokuya kucaca ukuthi ukukhula kwemboni yamazambane akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kokucubungula. Kepha kusembalwa kakhulu asebenzayo empeleni, amabhizinisi aseRussia ngokuphelele kule ndawo emakethe. Ukuntengantenga komnotho okujwayelekile ezweni, ubunzima bokubolekisa ngemali nezinye izihibe eziningi ezihlale zihlangana nomuntu olandela indlela engasenalutho kuyizihibe. Ukunquma ngephrojekthi yakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona isibonelo esiphumelelayo phambi kwamehlo akho.
Sikumema ukuba ujwayelane nolwazi lwebhizinisi lesifunda saseMoscow ZAO Ozery. Ngo-2014, umugqa wokukhiqiza ama-chips amazambane emvelo wavulwa lapha. Yibuphi ubunzima okwakudingeka sibhekane nabo nalokho esikwazile ukukufeza - endabeni yoMqondisi Jikelele uSergei Pryamov.
Isinyathelo esidingekayo, kodwa esiphoqelelwe
I-JSC "Ozery" iyibhizinisi eligxile ekukhiqizeni imifino namazambane. Kumahektha ayi-1300, ngonyaka sitshala amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 emikhiqizo. Sinamandla adingekayo okugeza, ukuhlanza, ukupakisha kanye nokugcinwa isikhathi eside komkhiqizo. Sinikezela ngamazambane nemifino kumaketanga okudayisa ngamavolumu angashintshi unyaka wonke, sibamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zedolobha, kuphawulwa yiziphathimandla futhi baziwa kakhulu embonini. Kodwa minyaka yonke inqwaba yamaphrojekthi amasha angena emakethe, futhi inzuzo yokukhiqiza iyehla. Sihlaziya lesi simo, sicabange ukugaywa kabusha. Singasho ukuthi ukwethulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-chip kwakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esidingekayo esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa ngenkani: ukube bekungenzeka ukwenza imali kuphela ngokukhiqiza imifino, besingeke sikwenze.
Ukucubungula kuqala ngembewu
Umlando owandulela ukuvulwa kokukhiqizwa kwama-chip wawungemnandi kakhulu ebhizinisini lethu. Kodwa asikho isidingo sokuyifihla; akekho nomkhiqizi oyedwa otshala amazambane futhi athenge imbewu ezinkampanini zezinkampani zangaphandle, ngisho neziyaziwa kakhulu futhi ezinesihloko, ongavikelekile kulokhu. Eminyakeni emine eyedlule, kwatholakala uhlobo olucashile lwe-Ralstonia solanacearum eqoqweni lembewu yethu yamazambane atshalwe ngokusuka kwamanye amazwe. Izinsolo zivuse igagasi lamasheke. Kuthathwe inqwaba yamasampula ngaphakathi nasezindaweni ezizungezile: hhayi kuphela imikhiqizo, kodwa namanzi, inhlabathi, kanye nezitshalo ezingasebenza njengemithombo yokuhlukanisa izinto. Ochwepheshe abangaba ngu-200 bezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene bavakashele ipulazi, futhi sathola imibiko engaphezu kuka-180. Ukube sasinqume ukwenza isifundo esikhulu kangaka ngokwethu, sasingeke sibe nayo imali eyanele. Kodwa i-ZAO Ozyory isibe indawo ehlolwe kakhulu eRussia ngezindleko zomphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuba khona kwento evalekile akuzange kuqinisekiswe, kodwa amahlebezi ayenele ukuthi iningi lalokho okukhulile kufanele kuqedwe. Ngalowo nyaka sabuyekeza okuningi emsebenzini wethu. Isiphetho esiyinhloko esasenza: “Awukwazi ukuthembela embewini yabanye abantu, udinga ukuzikhulisela eyakho.” Sicabanga ngokwenza eyethu ilabhorethri yembewu. Lapho sikhetha izinhlobo, sasithembele kulezo ezazimelana negciwane elingu-Y futhi ezazifaneleka ukucutshungulwa.
Manje singabasunguli bezinhlobo ezinhlanu (ezimbili ezingeniswa mahhala, ezintathu ezifuywayo). Silungiselela ezinye ezimbili zokubhalisa.
Sitshala ama-chips amazambane ngezimbewu zethu futhi asizingenisi ezindlekweni, okusho ukuthi sinezinto zokusetshenziswa ezishibhile zokuzilungisa. Lesi isisekelo lapho akufanele uqale iphrojekthi. Ngenxa yalokhu, sikhiqiza umkhiqizo othengekayo: intengo yokuthengisa yephakheji encane ye-Barin chips (40 g) iqhathaniswa nentengo yesigamu sesinkwa sesinkwa singathengwa ngaphandle kokuyekethisa isabelomali ngisho nabahola impesheni, ngubani , ngendlela, yenza ingxenye enkulu yamakhasimende ethu.
Ukufinyelela emakethe
Ngokukhuphuka kwenani lemali ezweni lakithi, kwaqala ukwabiwa kabusha kwemakethe yokudla okulula: inqwaba yezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezinosawoti nezomisiwe, ezabiza kakhulu kubathengi abaningi, zanyamalala, futhi ama-pistachios anyamalala ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo. Kodwa kuvele i-niche yomkhiqizo wendawo onenani elithengekayo. Ngikholelwa ukuthi isifunda ngasinye kufanele sibe nemikhiqizo yaso. EYurophu, emadolobheni amancane, ngokuqinisekile uzonikezwa ngokuziqhenya amasoseji wendawo, ushizi, iyogathi, iwayini, enye into, futhi lokhu kuhlala kubaluleka kakhulu kunezimpahla ezibekwe yizinkampani. Futhi lokhu kuzofika nakithi. Lokhu kulula kakhulu kubo bobabili abakhiqizi nabathengi. Sibona ukuthi sisebenzela bani, izinkanuko zabo sigxile kuzo. Futhi abantu bajabulela kakhulu ukuthenga imikhiqizo ekhule emikhakheni ezungezile futhi icutshungulwa ebhizinisini lendawo, kucatshangelwa okuthandwa yisifunda.
Kunzima kakhulu ukungena emashalofini ama-hypermarkets amakhulu. Cishe wonke amaketanga okudayisa awezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe; Kunzima ngathi ukuncintisana nezinhlinzeko zakwamanye amazwe, ezisekelwa ukukhangisa okukhulu kumabonakude, kodwa ukulandela indlela efanayo kusho ukwandisa izindleko zomkhiqizo.
Okwamanje, ama-chips e-Barin kulula ukuwathola ngaphandle kwenhloko-dolobha. Zimelelwe ezitolo ezingaphezu kuka-180 eRussia, kumanethiwekhi wesifunda.
Imikhiqizo yethu iphinde inikezwe emazweni angomakhelwane: eKazakhstan, isibonelo. Imboni yokucubungula amazambane lapho ayithuthukisiwe nhlobo;
Isikhathi sonyaka
Ama-chips awumkhiqizo odinga "izandla zamahhala". Ngakho-ke, eRussia badinga kakhulu kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Eningizimu yezwe kuthatha isikhathi eside (Kungaba mnandi ukuvula umkhiqizo lapho, kodwa e-Krasnodar Territory kuthembisa kakhulu ukutshala ezinye izitshalo, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa njalo kwama-chips amazambane. ikhwalithi ezinzile evela kwezinye izifunda).
Leli qiniso kufanele libhekwe lapho kuhlelwa ukukhiqiza. Phakathi nesizini sikhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi. Esimweni sethu, ukusebenza “enqolobaneni” akuzuzisi, ngoba ukugcina amazambane amasha kusibiza kancane.
Abanye abakhiqizi basebenza ngomthwalo ongamaphesenti angama-20 ebusika. Kumele uqonde ukuthi kulokhu kufanele ukhiphe amafutha (umthamo olinganiselwe wokulahlekelwa ithangi lamaloli uma umugqa umkhulu). Ebhizinisini lethu, uwoyela okhishiwe usetshenziswa kokunye ukukhiqiza (sathenga ama-boilers asebenza ngalolu hlobo lukaphethiloli futhi awasebenzisele ukushisa).
Ukukhulisa nokugcina impahla eluhlaza
Amazambane okukhiqizwa kwama-chips angaphansi kwezidingo eziqinile zekhwalithi, ngakho-ke atshalwa kuphela ngaphansi kokunisela. Kulokhu, izinhlelo zokunisela azisetshenziselwa ukunikeza amanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukufaka umanyolo. Sinezinkinga ngalokhu kokugcina: isibonelo, akuwona wonke ama-fertilizer adingekayo anefomu le-chelate, noma akuzona zonke izinhlobo zemishini eziguqulwa ukuze zisebenze ngamakhemikhali (amapayipi oxidize). Kodwa ubunzima obuyinhloko, ngokubona kwami, ukuthi sinisela ngokungavamile, futhi ngenani esingakwazi, hhayi ngenani isitshalo esidingayo. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, lesi simo asibangelwa ukuntuleka kwemithombo yamanzi, kodwa ngenxa yethonya lesici somuntu. Kwesinye isikhathi kumele uchaze ukuthi uma lina, akusona isizathu sokuvala amanzi emasimini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ungqimba olungaphezulu lwenhlabathi lumanzi, ukuchelela kuphumelela kakhulu.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile. Amazambane ahloselwe ukukhiqizwa kwama-chips aqukethe iphesenti eliphezulu lezinto ezomile, futhi adinga ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nokugcinwa ngokucophelela, ngoba ngaphansi kokucindezeleka, ama-carbohydrate angashintsha abe ushukela, okwenza umkhiqizo ungafanelekile ukucubungula. Ngakho-ke, lapho sivuna, sisebenzisa izivuni ezizihambelayo ezinciphisa ukulimala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, futhi lapho sigcina amazambane, sihlala siwaphatha ngama- growth inhibitors.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza
Kunobuchwepheshe obuningi bokukhiqiza ama-chips emhlabeni anomehluko omkhulu. Kwezinye zazo, ngokwesibonelo, kunesiteji se-blanching (ukushisa kwesikhashana kwamazambane amazambane kuya ku-80-90 °), okushintsha ukwakheka kwamaselula womkhiqizo, okwenza ukucubungula kube lula, kodwa ukunambitheka kwemvelo nombala amazambane alahlekile. Izinga lokushisa nesikhathi sokubhaka, izinga lokucindezela kuhhavini, njll nakho kubalulekile.
Umkhiqizi ngamunye uneshadi lakhe lokuthosa, okuyimfihlo yokuhweba. Imidwebo yabakhiqizi abakhulu, njengomthetho, ivikelwe ngamalungelo obunikazi, okwenza umsebenzi wabenzi be-novice chip ube nzima kakhulu. Ama-chip corporations avame ukusebenza emishinini ekhiqizwe ngokuya nge-oda labo, futhi umenzi wemishini ngaphansi kwenkontileka akanalo ilungelo lokuthengisa imodeli efanayo yehhavini noma i-fryer komunye umuntu.
Izinsiza
Lapho sikhetha izinto zokusebenza, sasisekelwe ezimisweni ezifanayo esithembele kuzo kwezinye izici zomsebenzi. Okokuqala, asizange sijahe amabhrendi. Uma ubheka imishini esiyisebenzisa emasimini noma kumatheminali, uzobona yonke i-spectrum yemibala, ngoba asiboshiwe kumkhiqizi oyedwa, kodwa zama ukuthatha okuphumelelayo kakhulu kulowo nalowo. Nalapha futhi, sikhethe imishini yesimanje kakhulu futhi eyaziwa ngokomsebenzi: umugqa wokucwecwa amazambane, umugqa wokusika, i-fryer ejulile enesistimu ye-multifloor. Sithenge ukufakwa okudala indawo elungiswe ngegesi emaphaketheni, okwandisa impilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo.
Onjiniyela bethu benze imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto zokusebenza zisebenza ngokubambisana.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, asizange sisebenzise imali eyengeziwe. Isibonelo, asithenganga ulayini wokupakisha ozenzakalelayo. Amapaki angakwazi ukubhekana kahle nevolumu ekhona manje. Ngokwami ukubona, amaphrojekthi amaningi eRussia wonakaliswa ukutshalwa kwezimali ngokweqile: abantu batshala imali eningi kumishini, imishini, nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla kunokuba empeleni bangabuya kamuva.
Isici sesithathu ukuphindaphinda. Ezweni lakithi, isevisi ayithuthukisiwe kahle kakhulu; Ngakho-ke, yonke imishini eyinhloko ineminye.
Oil
Omunye umehluko onenzuzo phakathi komkhiqizo wethu nakwamanye amazwe. Amafutha emifino, abakhiqizi abaningi abaziwayo abawasebenzisayo, ayabiza kakhulu kithi ngezinga lokushintshaniswa kwamanje, kodwa izwe likhiqiza inqwaba yamafutha e-sunflower. Sinabahlinzeki abaningana abathembekile abasinikeza uwoyela ovela eningizimu yeRussia sizenzela ukuxuba.
Ozimele
Iphuzu elibuhlungu kunoma iyiphi indlela, ikakhulukazi entsha. Sizama ukuthola ongoti abanothando futhi singagodli izindleko zokuqeqeshwa: sibayisa phesheya.
Sizama ukuheha abantu bendawo ukuthi basebenze ubungcweti (izakhamuzi zaseLakes zinezintandokazi), ngikholwa ukuthi lokhu kuwumthwalo wethu. Noma iyiphi inhlangano yomsebenzi inikeza umfutho emphakathini. Ngakho-ke uma ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela entsha kuholela ekudaleni imisebenzi emisha, kufanelekile ukuyilandela.
Inzuzo
Sihola ingxenye yengonyama yemali yethu ngokukhiqiza nokudayisa imifino. Umugqa we-chip okwamanje awusebenzi ngokugcwele; Ezweni lethu, isibonelo, umkhiqizi wemifino ukhokha i-VAT ngenani elikhethekile lika-10%, futhi uma ecubungula izimpahla zakhe, izinga lizoba ngu-18%.
Akuzona zonke izinsuku eziyiholidi
Ngeke ngiqambe amanga, naphezu kokuthi ama-chips ethu enziwe amazambane emvelo, ngeke ngincome ukuthi ngidle amaphakethe amahlanu awo nsuku zonke. Lona umkhiqizo womkhosi. Kodwa amahemuhemu mayelana nezingozi zama-chips athi ihaba. Ama-Acrylamide, avame ukuthusa abathandi bamazambane acwebile, empeleni atholakala kuyo yonke imikhiqizo equkethe ama-carbohydrate: isinkwa, ama-bagels, amakhukhi ...
Ngingasho ngemikhiqizo yethu ukuthi inokwakheka okufanele futhi ayinazo izithasiselo eziluthayo. Sinikeza ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwenani lamandla, ama-carbohydrate atholwa ngumuntu, kanye nevolumu yephakethe.
Mayelana negama
Sikhiqiza ama-chips amazambane avela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Barin, futhi umkhiqizo ngokwawo unegama elifanayo. Asizange sibeke imibono eyengeziwe egameni lomkhiqizo wethu. Manje ngiyazisola kancane. Bekuyoba okulungile kakhulu ukuhlobanisa igama nabantu bangempela, ukukhiqizwa kwangempela, amasimu - lokho okusebenzayo ngempela. Isihloko sokuqala "sokusebenza" sasithi "Ngokuqondile Ukusuka Engadini," kodwa inhlangano yabonakala iqonde kakhulu.
Manje sihlela ukwandisa umugqa futhi sikhulule ama-chips anemibala kumazambane ansomi nabomvu (enziwe ngezinhlobo ezintsha ezinezindawo zokulwa ne-antioxidant). Ngokunokwenzeka, zizokhishwa ngaphansi kohlobo oluhlukile.
Uma isivele ikhona, kungani kungenjalo "ngobuso baseRussia"?
Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ingxenye yokudla okusheshayo izothuthuka, futhi ngenkuthalo kakhulu. Khumbula: eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule, abantu bachitha isilinganiso samahora amane belungiselela isidlo sakusihlwa. Ngama-60s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngokusungulwa kwezitofu zegesi kanye nabapheki bengcindezi, kwase kuyihora nesigamu. Kwabe sekuvela amahhavini e-microwave futhi imikhiqizo eseqediwe yaba yimfashini. Isigqi sempilo siyakhula ngesivinini. Isidingo semikhiqizo yokudla okusheshayo siyakhula, futhi kungalunga kakhulu uma isidingo sihlangatshezwana ikakhulukazi nemikhiqizo eyenziwe eRussia.
Manje angikhulumi kakhulu ngama-chips, kodwa ngemikhiqizo emisha ecutshungulwayo (imifino ehlutshiwe ezikhwameni ezishisayo; imifino ephethwe ukushisa; ilondoloza okulungiselelwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokupheka), amandla ayo emakethe makhulu kakhulu. Kodwa amabhizinisi akhiqiza konke lokhu, lawo mafekthri asekhishini, akufanele abe kude, hhayi ePoland naseHolland, kodwa ngokoqobo kuwo wonke amadolobha ethu, kufanele abonakale ngaphandle kwefasitela. Ngale ndlela sizohlinzeka abantu ngokudla okuthengekayo okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi bathole namathuba amahle okuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Lona umsebenzi obalulekile okufanele uxazululwe namuhla.