Kusuka kumagazini No. 4 2014
Isigaba: Ukucabangisisa ngento esemqoka
Andrey Kalinin
Akukho ukujaha ngobusuku obude basebusika; yisikhathi sokuzindla. Ngakho-ke simema abafundi ukuthi bathathe ikhefu ekuphithizeleni futhi bafunde ngefilosofi ngomqondo omuhle wegama. Lesi sikhathi sizokhuluma ngama-ABC okukhula kwamazambane, isisekelo sezisekelo - mayelana nokuthile ngaphandle kwalokho okungenakwenzeka ukuqonda ukufunda nokubhala kwezenzo ezinengqondo futhi ube uchwepheshe wangempela.
Ukuze ufinyelele iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu emsebenzini, kungakhathaliseki isiqondiso somsebenzi womuntu, kuyadingeka ukuthembela emaphethini ayisisekelo okuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zemvelo, ngokomzimba, ezobuchwepheshe, ezomnotho, ezezimali, ezenhlalakahle nezinye, inhlanganisela enengqondo kanye nekhono. ukusetshenziswa kwayo okunquma impumelelo yokugcina yebhizinisi eliqalisiwe. Uma kungenjalo, umsebenzi uzoholela emaphutheni esistimu angenakuqedwa ngaphandle kokubuyekeza amaphuzu okuqala. Ngakho-ke, ithebula lokuphindaphinda elifundwe ngokungalungile lizohlala liyize yonke imizamo elandelayo.
Sifuna ukudonsela ukunaka kwabafundi emibonweni eyisihluthulelo yokukhula kwamazambane, sigqamise okuyinhloko futhi silahle esesiphelelwe yisikhathi.
Asiphikeli eqinisweni eliphelele lokucabanga kwethu, kodwa uma indaba efundwayo yenza umfundi ohlonishwayo acabange futhi abheke izinto zansuku zonke ngelinye iso, lokhu kungase kumvumele ukuba athole ikhambi elingalindelekile lokungqubuzana osekunesikhathi eside kukhona, okubonakala kungenakuxazululeka.
Lezi zinhlamvu azihlelwanga ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu ezijwayelekile, kodwa ngokuqonda kwethu ukubaluleka kwalawo malungiselelo okutshala amazambane, azokwethulwa ngezansi.
З. Umhlaba - isipho esiyigugu esintwini, esisinika konke esikudingayo. Umhlaba kufanele uvikelwe, uvikelwe ezenzweni ezingenangqondo futhi, lapho usebenza kuwo, ucabangele amaphethini wezenzakalo ezibangelwa izici zemvelo.
Ulwazi - igama elibalulekile kunoma yiliphi igatsha lomsebenzi womuntu. Uchwepheshe weqiniso ngokuqhubekayo ugcwalisa ulwazi lwakhe ukuze athuthuke futhi acije amakhono akhe. Ulwazi kuphela mayelana nezinqubo zangempela ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza amazambane likuvumela ukuthi uthole imali engenayo ezinzile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithonya lezimo ezihlukahlukene ezingezinhle.
Защита izitshalo - ikakhulukazi, ezinjalo ezithambile, ezibucayi, ezibuthakathaka futhi ezingenakuzivikela njengamazambane - inqubo eqhubekayo, kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekugcinweni. I-arsenal yezindlela, amasu kanye nemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo inkulu, kodwa into eyodwa okudingeka ikhunjulwe: ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okuthembekile akunakwenzeka ukuvula amandla aphezulu amazambane.
UP. Inhlabathi - ingcebo eyinhloko yomlimi. Kufanele iphathwe ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngoba umkhuba wokuphatha umhlaba wonke kanye wasekhaya walesi sipho esiyigugu usenza sicabange ngokunengqondo kwesintu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yabantu ayiholeli ekuwohlokeni kokuvunda kwenhlabathi kanye nokulahlekelwa okungenakulungiseka, kuyadingeka ukulandela imithetho yeMvelo ngokungaguquki lapho uhlela ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kanye nezinhlelo zokufaka umanyolo, kanye nalapho uvumelanisa ubuchwepheshe nezindlela zobuchwepheshe nezimo zendawo eziyingqayizivele.
Ubuningi inhlabathi inquma izimo: ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yezimpande zezitshalo ezitshalwayo, inkambo yezinqubo ezibalulekile ze-biota yenhlabathi, ukusatshalaliswa komswakama kanye nezakhi. Kuyaziwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho ukuthi u-1-1,5% wabalimi bamazambane uvame ukukala ubulukhuni benhlabathi (i-analogue yokuqina kwayo) ngesikhathi sokukhula kuze kufike ku-80 cm ukujula, omunye u-3-4% wake wathatha izilinganiso zesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa zifeze njalo, futhi abanye abakaze bacabange ngokuthola izinga lokuhlangana endaweni yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande zamazambane. Sikholelwa ukuthi igama elithi “ukuminyana” kumele lisetshenziswe kulwazi lwamagama womlimi wamazambane.
Isimo sezulu inethonya elikhulu ekuvuneni. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iyashintsha futhi ayihlali ekubonakalisweni kwayo. Ngakho-ke, umlimi wamazambane kufanele abe namasu ku-arsenal yakhe ukuze anciphise noma aqede umthelela omubi wokuphambuka kwesimo sezulu ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe.
И. I-illusion. Ngeshwa, ingxenye ebalulekile yabalimi bamazambane bahlala nemibono ekhohlisayo mayelana nezinqubo eziningi ezihlobene nokutshala amazambane. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinga elinganele lolwazi, kulandela amasiko azuzwe kokhokho nokhokho, kanye nokulingisa okuyimpumputhe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphandle ngaphandle kokuhlaziya izimo zokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphumelelayo. I-Illusion yilokho okungaphezulu, ukubukeka. Futhi ngaphansi kwengxenye ebonakalayo, ngezinye izikhathi kunezingibe ezingathi sína ezingacwilisa kalula ibhizinisi lamazambane lesimanjemanje nelihlomele kahle.
С. Kuhle Imbewu – isihluthulelo sokuthola isivuno esizinzile kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yemikhiqizo ekhulile. Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo eziningi, inqubo yokuthola imbewu yezambane elite ithatha iminyaka emi-4-5. Esikhathini eside kangaka, kunengozi enkulu yokuncipha kwezakhiwo zembewu ngenxa yokutheleleka okungenzeka ngamagciwane, izifo zefungal kanye ne-bacterial. Ngakho-ke, impahla yokutshala ehlinzekwa emapulazini okuhweba kufanele iqinisekiswe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokuhlolwa kwembewu. Umbono oyiphutha omkhulu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthola imbewu emapulazini okuhweba ngokunikeza izindawo zokutshala izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme, futhi nangaphezulu ngokukhetha ingxenyena encane yamazambane athengiswayo. Konke lokhu ngeke kukuvumele ukuthi uthole imbewu yekhwalithi efanele, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izodinga izindleko ezinkulu zokuyitshala. Sithemba ukuthi abalimi bamazambane bazoba nohlelo oluzihlelele lokuhlinzeka ngembewu ephuma emabhizinisini akhethekile okukhiqiza imbewu athola imikhiqizo ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlukaniswa kwendawo okuthembekile, nge-phytocleaning eyisibopho kanye nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo okuthembekile ezinambuzaneni nezifo. Lona umsebenzi ovamile wabalimi bamazambane kanye nembewu.
В. Umswakama. Ukutholakala ngesikhathi kwenani elidingekayo lomswakamo emasimini kuyisimo esidingekile sesivuno esicebile. Enkabeni yeRussia, njengomthetho, isilinganiso semvula yonyaka sanele ukuthola imikhiqizo kumthamo ohleliwe ngezinga eliphezulu lenzuzo. Kodwa-ke, umkhiqizi wezolimo kufanele enze izimo zokuqoqwa komswakama wasekwindla nobusika futhi avimbele ukulahlekelwa kwawo okungenakuguqulwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuyadingeka ukunikeza izimo zokususwa komswakama owedlulele ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zenhlabathi, ukuze izimvula zasekwindla zingabangeli ukuyeka ukuvuna. Ukusetshenziswa kwamasu anjalo kukuvumela ukuthi uqale ukuvuna ihora ngemuva kokuphela kwemvula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi.
Isikhathi - isici esingabambeki, kodwa esibalulekile. Kunoma yimuphi unyaka wanoma iyiphi inkimbinkimbi, esigabeni ngasinye sokukhula kwezitshalo, kuhlale kunefasitela lesikhathi elivumayo lokwenza umsebenzi owodwa noma omunye wezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, umlimi wamazambane udinga ukuhlela i-oda elithile lomsebenzi ngendawo eyanele yokuphepha ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe, impahla kanye nezinsizakusebenza ukuze awuqedele ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izimo ziqinisekisiwe ukuze kufezeke ngokugcwele amandla ezitshalo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Л. Logistics. Leli gama lisanda kuvela ngolimi lwesiRashiya, kodwa ukubaluleka kwalo kuphezulu kakhulu. Ukungabi bikho kohlelo oluzinzile lokulethwa kwembewu, umanyolo, uphethiloli, ukususwa kwemikhiqizo kanye nemfucumfucu kungaphikisa yonke imizamo eyenziwa ipulazi unyaka wonke. Izinto ezicatshangelwe kahle zisivumela ukuba sinciphise isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze siqedele yonke imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki kwenkimbinkimbi yezobuchwepheshe yemishini.
М. Ukuphatha - Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuhlelwa okuphusile kwezabasebenzi, kanye nezinqumo ezinekhono ngokukhetha nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zasendaweni zobuchwepheshe obuthile okuhloswe ngazo ukuthola imikhiqizo enezinkomba zekhwalithi ezishiwo. Indlela edidiyelwe yokuphathwa kwebhizinisi, ukuhlaziya okuphoqelekile kwazo zonke izigaba zenqubo yezobuchwepheshe yokutshala amazambane kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela ukukhiqiza kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa inzuzo ephezulu yepulazi, futhi ichaze izindlela zokuthuthuka kwayo esikhathini esizayo.
Т. Ubuchwepheshe - ukulandelana kanye nemithetho ethile yokwenza imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe, esatshalaliswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ubuchwepheshe obuthile bukhiwa ngesisekelo semibono mayelana nezindlela zokubona amandla ezitshalo, kanye nasezingeni lentuthuko yamanje yesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Ngokwemvelo, ubuchwepheshe abukwazi ukumiswa ekuthuthukisweni kwabo; buhlala buthuthukiswa, bulungiswa futhi bushintshwa kuye ngezimo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokutholwa kwesayensi okwethulwa ekukhiqizeni. Kodwa singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje kuholela ekunciphiseni izindleko zabasebenzi ngeyunithi ngayinye yokukhiqiza, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yezomnotho kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Kudingeka kuphela ukukhetha isisombululo sezobuchwepheshe esizohambisana ngokunembile nemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwayo.
К. Ikhwalithi - lo mqondo uqukethe zonke izingxenye ezishiwo ngenhla. Izinga lamazambane lincike kuzo zonke izigaba: kusukela ekulungiseni inhlabathi nasekukhetheni imbewu kuya ekuvuneni, ekugcinweni nasekuthumeleni umkhiqizo osuphelile kumthengi. Umkhiqizo wekhwalithi kuphela ozokhethwa umthengi, ngisho noma kufanele akhokhe inani eliphakeme. Umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela ongaqinisekisa ukuthengiswa okuqhubekayo, naphezu kokuhlukahluka kwezimo zemakethe. Ukukhishwa kwezimpahla zekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela kuzoqinisekisa impumelelo yebhizinisi kanye nesidingo somkhiqizo walo.
Izambane - Lona umkhiqizo lesi sihloko esinikezelwe kuwo. Sithemba ukuthi izitsha zamazambane zizohlala zikhona etafuleni lakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka nesimo sezulu, ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, kulabo abawukhiqizayo, uyosebenza njengomthombo onokwethenjelwa wokuchuma nokuziqhenya ngomsebenzi wabo.
Asigcizeleli ekupheleleni kwezinhlamvu ezihlongozwayo zokukhula kwamazambane. Kukhona ezinye izinhlamvu eziningi kuwo okufanele sonke sizithole ukuze sipende isithombe esiphelele somhlaba osizungezile. Saqala ngalawo magama achaza amaphuzu ayisisekelo entuthuko ephumelelayo yokukhula kwamazambane, futhi-ke, lapho ebonakala emzileni wesihambi, kancane kancane kuzoba nengozi yokuduka endleleni efanele. Ezihlokweni ezilandelayo, mina nozakwethu sizozama ukwembula ngokugcwele izakhi zezinhlamvu zomlimi wamazambane ukuze sithole ulwazi olusha futhi sizikhulule kancane kancane emibonweni esizungezile.