E-Russia, isikhwama se-plastic mesh sisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwemikhiqizo yezolimo kanye nokudayiswa kwayo okudayisa. Le ndlela engabizi futhi ewusizo yokupakisha sekuyisikhathi eside ithandwa abalimi, futhi namuhla ayikho enye indlela yangempela yayo. Ngakho-ke, izindaba mayelana nokuvinjelwa okuseduze kokusetshenziswa kwegridi kuzwakala njengebhawodi elivela eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isinyathelo esingabazisayo
Ngo-April walo nyaka, kwaziwa ukuthi uMnyango Wezezimboni Nezohwebo WaseRussia wawucabangela ukuthi kungenzeka kuvalwe isikhwama esinezikhala zepulasitiki esisetshenziselwa ukupakisha izithelo nemifino ukuze zidayiswe. Lesi sinyathelo sivela eNkampanini Yomthetho Womphakathi "Russian Ecological Operator" (REO), umxhumanisi wezinguquko zikamasipala zokugaywa kabusha kukadoti oqinile.
"Ingxabano enkulu ye-REO ubunzima bokulahla inetha elinjalo," kuchaza inhloko yezinsiza ze-Union of Participants in the Russian Potato and Vegetable Market (Potato Union) UTatiana Gubina. - Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwemfucuza, iboshwe ezingxenyeni zemishini yokuhlunga futhi ingaholela ekumisweni kwawo wonke umugqa. Ikhona ngempela inkinga enjalo, kodwa indlela ekhethiwe ukuyixazulula iyamangaza.
Ibhekisela ebunzimeni bokucutshungulwa kwe-mesh, i-REO iphakamise ukusebenzisa izikhwama namafilimu enziwe nge-propylene ne-polyethylene njengenye indlela. Kodwa-ke, akekho okhuluma ngokuvinjelwa kwe-mesh efanayo uma isetshenziselwa ukuthutha imikhiqizo yezolimo. Okusho ukuthi, ngokusobala akukho nkulumo yokushintshela ezinhlotsheni zokupakisha ezivumelana nemvelo noma amathuba amasha okucubungula kwawo.
- Ukugqugquzela iziphakamiso zabo, i-REO ithembele ocwaningweni olwenziwe yi-Yegor Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, - uyanezela. Tatiana Gubina. - Izimpikiswano ezibekwe kuyo ziphakamisa imibuzo eminingi phakathi kochwepheshe be-agro-industrial complex kanye namaprosesa.
Ukungaqondi kahle inkinga
Ephendula igagasi elikhulayo lentukuthelo, uDenis Butsaev, uMqondisi Jikelele we-REO, waqinisekisa umphakathi ukuthi zonke iziphakamiso zisezingeni lengxoxo yokusebenza, futhi izinqumo zizothathwa kamuva. Futhi waphawula ngokwesaba ngokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yemifino ngale ndlela elandelayo: “Kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi ukuthengisa amazambane ngobuningi, hhayi ephaketheni, kuzodala kanjani ukunyuka kwentengo? Uma izimpahla zithengiswa ngesisindo, ngeke kube khona ukupakishwa, futhi izimpahla kufanele zishibhe.”
Kodwa empeleni, kunezimfuneko zokukhuphuka kwamanani, futhi kubasebenzi zisobala.
"Ukuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo kuzoholela ekwenyukeni kwentengo, ikakhulukazi amazambane," uyaqiniseka. UTatiana Gubina. “Imikhiqizo ye-Premium enamaphakethe angavinjelwe ngeke yenyuke intengo. Kodwa izindleko zamazambane nemifino engxenyeni "yezomnotho", iningi labantu eliphoqeleka ukuyithenga, okungenani liphindwe kabili noma linyamalale ngokuphelele emashalofini.
Isiphakamiso sababhali bohlelo lokuthengisa yonke into ngenqwaba asamukelekile kubakhiqizi noma kumaketanga okuthengisa. Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezinzima, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yezolimo etholiwe iye yahlupheka. Futhi abalimi babhekana nobunzima obukhulu ngokuthengiswa kwemifino emincane.
“Isibonelo, abathengisi bathatha amazambane esigaba sama-45+ ukuze adayiswe kuphela uma epakishwe ngo-2,5-5 kilograms esikhwameni semesh,” kuphawula. UTatiana Gubina. - Okufanayo kusebenza kuma-izaqathe amancane, ama-beet wetafula, u-anyanisi. Izitolo zamaketanga ngeke zithengise imifino enjalo ngesisindo, abakhiqizi kuzodingeka bayiyise endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu futhi babuyisele ukulahlekelwa ngokukhuphula amanani esivuno sonke.
Ayikho igridi noma kuphi
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, isikhwama se-polyethylene mesh-bag, lapho kuthengiswa khona imikhiqizo yemifino, yenza ingxenye engasho lutho emakethe. Iphakheji ekhiqizwa ngobuningi eRussia ihlala iyinetha, eyenzelwe isisindo samakhilogremu angama-25 futhi isetshenziselwe ukuthutha. Esazovinjelwa.
"Emabhizinisini ethu, isikhwama se-mesh sisetshenziselwa ukupakisha abathengi, kanye nokugcinwa kwesikhashana kanye nokuthumela imikhiqizo yezolimo ukuze ithengiswe," kusho uMqondisi Jikelele we-TN-Trade LLC kanye no-JSC Tulskaya Niva. Anastasia Sokolova.– Ukupakisha esimweni sokugcina kufika ngamakhilogremu angu-25, 15 no-10. Ngakho, sifeza izidingo eziphoqelekile zamaketanga okudayisa ukuze kunikezwe amazambane nemifino, ebekwe ezinkontileka.
- Ngokuphathelene nempahla, lolu uhlobo olulula kakhulu lokupakisha, olusetshenziswa ngokukhuthele izinkulungwane zemizi eRussia, - kusho inhloko yokuqondisa "Imishini yokupakisha" ye-Agrotrade Company LLC. UMikhail Afarinov. - Ngokuqondene nokupakishwa okuncane, eminyakeni yamuva, inetha le-2,5 kilogram elinethuba lokupakisha okuzenzakalelayo kwezikhwama ezinjalo eziyi-10 zibe yinye enkulu ithola ukuthandwa. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi abakhiqizi abakhulu abasebenza ngokuthengisa, futhi kubo kuyithuba langempela lokuthengisa imikhiqizo yanoma iyiphi i-caliber.
Uthi: “Ngokwezibalo zethu. UTatiana Gubina, - kumathani ayizigidi ezintathu zamazambane athengiswa minyaka yonke ezitolo ezifundeni ezihlukene, kusukela ku-25 kuya ku-40% angama-45+ caliber tubers. Lo mkhiqizo, njengengxenye enkulu yesivuno semifino evulekile, ungathengiswa kuphela ngenxa yokupakishwa esikhwameni se-mesh.
“Mayelana nenani elithengisiwe ezitolo eziwuchungechunge, imikhiqizo yezolimo epakishwe amanetha epulasitiki ihamba phambili ngobubanzi,” kuphawula uMqondisi Jikelele we-Zhniva LLC. UVictor Breev.- Ngisho nasemadolobheni amakhulu anjengeMoscow neSt. Petersburg, isidingo samazambane "endlini", "clip" noma izikhwama zephepha sincane. Futhi emaphethelweni, isibonelo, e-Kazan noma e-Yelabuga, abathengi abawuthathi umkhiqizo onjalo, ohlukaniswa njengeklasi le-premium. Umehluko wezindleko ngesigaba somnotho mkhulu, ngoba ikhilogremu yezilimo eziyizigaxa enetheni ingabiza ama-ruble angu-20, futhi emaphaketheni ephepha - angaba ngu-100.
Iphepha ngeke lilondolozwe
Ngokweqile, isikhwama segridi sinenye indlela, kodwa ubani ozosikhokhela? Noma yimuphi umkhiqizi ufuna ukunciphisa izindleko, okuhlanganisa ukupakisha, futhi abathengi abanandaba nokwandisa izindleko zezimpahla.
- Uma sikhuluma ngengxenye yezemvelo yendaba, khona-ke ukushintshwa okungcono kakhulu kwegridi kuzoba isikhwama sephepha, - ukholelwa UMikhail Afarinov.- Kodwa kubiza kakhulu ukwedlula zonke ezinye izinhlobo zokupakisha ngenxa yezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Zihlulele ngokwakho: intengo yesikhwama se-mesh yamakhilogremu angu-2,5 amazambane angama-ruble angu-2-3, "iziqeshana" - ama-ruble angu-3,5, "indlu" - ama-ruble angu-7-10, isikhwama sephepha - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-15 nokuningi..
“Inkampani yethu yachitha cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-100 ukuthenga ulayini wokupakisha amazambane ezikhwameni zephepha,” kusho. UVictor Breev.– Inani elincane kakhulu lamabhizinisi eRussia anemishini enjalo. Besifuna ukukhulisa izinzuzo zethu zokuncintisana, ukungena emakethe nohlu lwemikhiqizo ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokupakisha. Kodwa empeleni, kwavela ukuthi izindleko zephakheji zidlula izindleko zokuqukethwe kwayo.
Akwaziwa ukuthi yini ezophinde ifike ezingqondweni zabashisekeli benguquko kadoti. Ngakho-ke, kungaba kuhle ukunakekela okunye ukupakishwa kusengaphambili ukuze kuthuthwe imikhiqizo yezolimo.
- Siphinde sisebenzisa iziqukathi ezibuyiswayo - amabhokisi epulasitiki lapho imikhiqizo emaphaketheni amancane ibalwa, - wabelana ngolwazi lwakhe Anastasia Sokolova. - Ngokwazi kwami, abathengisi bazama ukusebenzisa lo mkhuba yonke indawo, kodwa abahlinzeki abaningi bawushaya indiva umkhankaso wabo. Bekulethwa namazambane emigqonyeni, amabhokisi amakhulu emisebenzi yezandla. Zonke lezi zinketho azisizi futhi azizuzisi, ngoba azivumeli imoto ukuthi ilayishwe ngokugcwele. Ngenxa yalokho, ukunyuka kwezindleko zokulethwa kufika ku-50% futhi ngaphezulu kwabhalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkinga ngokwamukelwa kwezimpahla ngumthengi, ngoba ezikhungweni zokusabalalisa zamaketanga okuthengisa kukhona ukugcinwa kwamaselula nokubekwa kwezimpahla.
Isidingo sokuthuthukisa imishini yokupakisha singaba inselele enkulu kubalimi. Mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqinile ekwakhiweni kabusha kwezinqubo zobuchwepheshe kuyodingeka.
– Umshini wokupakisha ozenzakalelayo othungela imifino esikhwameni esinemeshi mkhulu kakhulu futhi ushibhe kakhulu, – amanothi UMikhail Afarinov. - Abakhiqizi basekhaya bakhiqiza imishini edingekayo, engathengwa yizo zombili izinkampani zezolimo kanye nabalimi abancane. Kodwa ukuthengwa kwemigqa engenisiwe ehloselwe ezinye izinhlobo zokupakisha kuzoshaya iphakethe labo kakhulu.
“Ayikho ngempela ukushoda kwemishini emakethe,” kuqinisekisa Anastasia Sokolova. - Kodwa imigqa eminingi yokupakisha isifakiwe, izimali ezinkulu zisetshenziswe kubo. Esimeni esibi kakhulu, bazomane beme bengenzi lutho, noma kuzodingeka ukuthi ushintshe ama-node athile, uchithe isikhathi ulungisa imishini kwezinye izinto zokupakisha.
Kuyafaneleka ukulwa
Abakhiqizi bokudla, okungenzeka ukuthi ukupakishwa kwabo kungaba semthethweni, nabo bahlanganyele engxoxweni yesihloko esihlobene ne-agro-industrial complex.
"Abalimi baseRussia nabaprosesa bakha izinhlelo zekusasa ngokusekelwe emandleni okuthengisa imikhiqizo emaphaketheni epulasitiki," kuchaza. UMikhail Afarinov. - Ukuvinjelwa okuqinile kuzophazamisa umsebenzi wabo iminyaka ezayo. Kungaba okufaneleka kakhulu ukuchibiyela imithethonqubo elawula indlela yokuphoqelela umenzi nomthengi ukuthi babuyisele leyo phakheji, indlela yokuphinda isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziswe kabusha.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi kuzobafanela abalimi uma iziphathimandla zibanikeza enye indlela ngaphambi kokuba kuvinjelwe ukuvinjelwa,” esho. Anastasia Sokolova. - Okungenani izinketho ezimbalwa zokupakisha, kodwa kangangokuthi zikhiqizwa ezweni lethu, azibizi futhi zihlala zikhona.
- Ngokubona kwami, isikhwama se-mesh akufanele sivinjelwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, - ngiyaqiniseka UVictor Breevngoba akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo. Kunokuba wenze ngokungacabangi futhi ubukele phansi umsebenzi wemboni yonke, kungaba ngcono ukuhlela umsebenzi wokulahlwa nokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki ezingeni likahulumeni.
"Namuhla, kuzo zonke izingosi, iPotato Union iphikisana nokuvinjelwa kwenetha," kusho Tatyana Gubina, - ngoba kuzodala umonakalo omkhulu kubo bobabili abakhiqizi futhi kuqede abathengi bemikhiqizo yezolimo. Ngethemba ukuthi ukushicilelwa okusha kwabezindaba ngeke kuvumele ingxoxo esesiqalile ukudamba futhi izodonsa ukunaka okwengeziwe komphakathi. Ngokubambisana singavikela izintshisekelo zethu.
U-Irina Berg