Ukushoda kwabasebenzi kusengenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zabakhiqizi bezolimo emashumini eminyaka adlule. Kusukela ekubhujisweni kwesikole saseSoviet sokuqeqesha ochwepheshe be-agro-industrial complex, uhlelo lwezemfundo alukwazanga ukunikeza indawo efanelekayo. Futhi namuhla, abaphathi bakwa-HR baphoqeleka ukuthi bancintisane kwezobuciko ukuze bahehe isisetshenziswa esingabantu esibalulekile.
Ezimweni zemakethe
Namuhla, ngabaqashi abaqhudelana ngezimangalo zabo kubasebenzi, hhayi okuphambene nalokho. Izikhathi zokuqasha, kanye nezindleko zokuqasha izinkampani, ziyakhula, ukuheha abantu abazongenela ukhetho kuba nzima futhi kuba kude. Njengenhloko yenkonzo yokunyathelisa ye-HeadHunter (hh.ru) eNingizimu Ekaterina Nikiforova, Ibhalansi ithathwa njengejwayelekile ekhululekile emakethe yezabasebenzi, lapho kukhona abaqalayo abangu-5-7,9 esikhaleni ngasinye. Inani lale nkomba engezansi kwezi-4 selivele likhombisa ukushoda kwabasebenzi.
Ngo-2023, amanani aphezulu wenkomba emkhakheni wezolimo aqoshwa ngoJanuwari nangoMashi - 3,4 aqala kabusha ngesikhala ngasinye. Nokho, ngo-April yaqala ukwehla futhi ekupheleni kukaMeyi yehla yaba ngu-2,8. Izinguquko ezinjalo zibangelwa ukuncintisana okuphezulu neminye imikhakha yobungcweti kanye nomsebenzi ophansi wabenzi bezicelo. Ezinye izizathu zihlanganisa ukushoda okukhulayo kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kanye nokungathandwa kwe-agro-industrial complex iyonke.
Ezolimo ziwumkhakha onokuncintisana kakhulu lapho abaqashi bethumela khona imisebenzi eminingi emisha futhi baqhudelane ngempela nabafake izicelo. Ngokuvumelana ne Ekaterina Nikiforova, Namuhla, amabhizinisi ezolimo avame ukunikeza umsebenzi kuma-agronomists, ochwepheshe bokucubungula okusanhlamvu kanye nochwepheshe bemfuyo. Kunesidingo esikhulu futhi sabameleli bemisebenzi yobungcweti emkhakheni wezolimo nezimboni, futhi ngokukhula kwezinqubo ezishintshayo embonini, inani lezikhala zochwepheshe be-IT nalo liyakhula.
«Golden" ozimele
Uchwepheshe wenqubomgomo yabasebenzi ye-Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants of Russia (Potato Union) Svetlana Sonina elinye lamagama afunwa kakhulu neliyivelakancane liwumsebenzi kanjiniyela osebenza ngamanzi. Ukuqalwa kabusha ezisekelweni zolwazi kuvame kakhulu, kodwa u-90% wabo ungochwepheshe abavela kwezinye izimboni. Kodwa ekubuyiselweni kwezolimo, izisebenzi ezinjalo zisifanele isisindo sazo ngegolide, ipulazi ngalinye lapho elinisela khona liyawadinga.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola isazi sezolimo namahlathi, ngakho-ke amabhizinisi, ngisho nabasebenzi abanabasebenzi, ngokuvamile abamenqabi umuntu oneziqu zaseyunivesithi othembisayo. Umqondisi Omkhulu we-VALMIKS LLC Valentin Kozlov ubona kudingekile ukwakha indawo yokugcina abasebenzi, inkampani yakhe ezoyenza maduze nje. Uma ipulazi lidinga ongoti ababili bezolimo namahlathi, kufanele kuqashwe ongoti abathathu bezolimo namahlathi, omunye wabo abe mncane kakhulu, okuzomele akhokhe imali engaphezulu kwaleyo ayifanele. Kungathatha iminyaka eyisithupha ukuthi umuntu oqalayo abe uchwepheshe, futhi kungcono ukukhulisa uchwepheshe ngokwakho, ngokucabangela iziqu zakhe zesikhathi esizayo.
Le mboni nayo ibadinga kakhulu abaqhubi bemishini, okuthe ngokusho kwabo Svetlana Sonina, namuhla izinkulungwane zemizi esuka eKaliningrad kuya eVladivostok iyayidinga. Ukucaciswa kwembonini yalo msebenzi kungokwesizini, kodwa wonke umuntu unentshisekelo yokugcina isisebenzi esinjalo, noma ngabe siqashwe izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ngonyaka. Valentin Kozlov ichaza ukushoda kwabasebenzisa imishini ngokuvala iningi lezikole nezikole zezobuchwepheshe lapho beqeqeshwa khona. Phakathi kwalabo abangatholakala namuhla ekukhiqizeni, kunabantu abambalwa abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Futhi lapho uchwepheshe ebonakala ekulungele ukusebenza, bayamthatha ngenjabulo, banikeze zonke izimo futhi basize ukukhula ngokomsebenzi.
Ukusebenzela ukuxazulula le nkinga, i-Potato Union ibambisana nezikhungo eziningana zemfundo yezemfundo ephakeme. Isibonelo, i-GBPOU MO "Lukhovitsky Agro-Industrial College", ephethwe Vyacheslav Smirnovuqeqesha ochwepheshe bemishini, abashayeli bakagandaganda nezinduna zezolimo zemboni. Abathweswe iziqu zabo kakade eminyakeni engu-18-19 bathola amalungelo ezigaba ezidingekayo futhi banezinga eliphezulu lokuqeqeshwa. Abaholi bamabhizinisi angamalungu eNyunyana ngokuzithandela babanikeza umsebenzi emapulazini abo futhi bathembe ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu.
Kusukela ebhentshini lesikole
I-agro-industrial complex idinga abasebenzi bomsebenzi ongadingi ulwazi olukhethekile namakhono. Ngokuqasha abasebenzi abanjalo, ungazibheka ochwepheshe abakhethekile besikhathi esizayo futhi uhlele ukuqeqeshwa kwabo okwengeziwe. Yebo, sikhuluma ngabantu abasha: izingane zesikole nabafundi.
Svetlana Sonina ikhuluma ngolwazi lwamabhizinisi eNyunyana ekuheheni izingane zesikole, abafake izicelo kanye nabafundi abasebancane ukuze bavune imbewu ye-botanical anyanisi futhi bahlunge imifino. Ezenzakalweni ezinjalo - ngesinqumo somqondisi wesikhungo semfundo u-Alexei Zinoviev - GBPOU MO "N. T. Kozlov Kolomna Agrarian College" ngokujwayelekile uhlanganyela. Abafana bafunda izinto eziyisisekelo zomsebenzi we-agronomist futhi, yiqiniso, bathola inkokhelo ngomsebenzi wabo. Kubo, leli yithuba elihle lokuhlola umlingiswa namakhono okuxhumana eqenjini labantu abadala.
Akuwona unyaka wokuqala lapho amalungu e-Potato Union ebambisana nenhlangano yomphakathi "amaqembu abafundi baseRussia". Ukusebenza njalo negatsha layo lesifunda esifundeni saseMoscow, eliholwa ngu Pavel Kovalev. Umqondisi Jikelele we-LLC "SPK eqanjwe ngoLenin" U-Andrey Grachkovsky ngonyaka odlule uqophe umlando wangempela ngokuqasha ithimba labantu abangu-52 ebhizinisini lakhe. Uzakwethu ophethe we-Lesnye Dali LLC Vitaly Shtopel futhi isebenzisa ngenkuthalo umsebenzi wabafundi kwezomnotho emsebenzini wesizini.
Iqembu lezinkampani ze-Dmitrovskie Vegetables, ikakhulukazi, i-JSC Agrofirma Bunyatino, nalo linolwazi lokuheha abafundi ukuthi basebenze. Umqondisi Jikelele webhizinisi Sergey Schukin wabeka isisekelo sokwakhiwa kweqembu phakathi kwabaqhubi bemishini bangomuso. Le nkampani yaze yadlulela ngalé kwesifunda futhi imema abafana abavela ezindaweni ezikude, isibonelo, eSiberia. Ngokuvumelana ne Svetlana Sonina, ilandele indlela efanayo eqenjini lezinkampani zeMalino.
Ngeshwa, abamele isizukulwane esisha abafuni ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlobanisa ukuphila nezolimo. Ngokusho kokubhekwa Valentina Kozlova, abantu abasha ngokuvamile ababonisi isithakazelo emisebenzini yezolimo abazikhethele yona. Abafundi bezikole zobuchwepheshe eduze kwaseMoscow, lapho beqeqesha khona oomakhenikha, beza e-VALMIKS LLC ukuze bathole iziqu. Lapho bebuzwa ukuthi yini ebalethe lapha, abanye abafana bakhuluma ngobuqotho ngesifiso sabo sokuthola uphawu emqulwini wesikhungo semfundo. Umkhuba wangempela ezimweni zebhizinisi lesimanje lezolimo, ithuba lokufunda okuthile futhi uthole imali alifakiwe ezinhlelweni zabo.
Endleleni eya enkululekweni
Ezweni lakithi uyasabalala umkhuba wokuheha abantu abadonsa izigwebo ezikhungweni zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo emsebenzini wezolimo. Njengoba kuchaziwe Svetlana Sonina, kusukela enkampanini etholakala emabhizinisini, abantu bakhethwa ukuthi basebenze ekuhlanzeni, ekuhlungeni noma ekupakisheni imikhiqizo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kakhulu bavame ukutholakala phakathi kweziboshwa. Bese kuthi amapulazi abe nethuba lokuthola unjiniyela okhaliphile, uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe, umshayeli, umakhenikha, njalo njalo.
I-JSC "Ozyory", eyingxenye yeMalino Group of Companies, ibamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi ye-Federal Penitentiary Service yaseRussia. Ngemizamo ye-CEO USergei Pryamov ngokuhlala kwalesi sigaba sabasebenzi, kwakhiwa i-UFITS - indawo ekhethekile esebenza njengesikhungo sokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo. Ngokwezinga lokunethezeka nemishini, kubizwa ngokuthi okungcono kakhulu esifundeni saseMoscow. Beqasha iziboshwa, bazama ukwakha izimo ezibavumela ukuthi baveze amakhono abo.
I-Lesnye Dali LLC iphinde yasayina isivumelwano noMnyango Wezejele Lombuso WaseRussia Wesifunda SaseMoscow, futhi manje izisebenzi ziza lapha zivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Ukuze banikezwe izindlu, kwathengwa isakhiwo sehostela lendawo futhi salungiswa. Vitaly Shtopel ikholelwa ukuthi ukubandakanyeka kweziboshwa kuvumela ukuxazulula ngempumelelo izindaba zabasebenzi. Futhi lapho kukhona ukuthutheleka njalo kwabasebenzi, ungakwazi ukuhlela ngokuphepha ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwenkampani iminyaka ezayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusiza abantu abakhubekile ukuba bangene endleleni yokuqondiswa kuyisenzo esihle.
Emasikweni angcono kakhulu
Akwanele ukunikeza isisebenzi umsebenzi ozinzile futhi silindele ukuxhashazwa kwezabasebenzi kuye. Svetlana Sonina Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi ngasohlangothini lwebhizinisi, ukubonakaliswa kwentshisekelo kubasebenzi balo kufanele kuthathe amafomu aqondile.
Isibonelo, uma abafundi bezozijwayeza, kuyadingeka ukubanikeza impilo ehloniphekile: izindlu ezithokomele, ukudla okuhle. Bonisa ochwepheshe bakusasa ubuhle bendawo yokusebenza kanye nokukhiqiza ngokujwayelekile, babandakanye kusiko lebhizinisi lebhizinisi. Kodwa, okubaluleke kakhulu, abantu abasha kufanele bathathwe ngokushesha ngaphansi kophiko lwabaqeqeshi abanolwazi asebevele benza umsebenzi ebhizinisini, kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuvuselela isikhungo sokuqeqesha ngendlela yaso yangempela, njengoba kwakunjalo ngezikhathi zamaSoviet.
Abaqashi besimanje bazama ukuheha abasebenzi ngamaholo ahloniphekile. Ekaterina Nikiforovа ukuqinisekisile lokhu ngedatha evela kusayithi hh.ru. Ngokuvamile, eRussia, isilinganiso esinikezwa iholo ngoMeyi walo nyaka sasingaba ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-70 ku-agronomist (19% ngaphezu kuka-2021), ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-68 kuchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe, ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-61 kumakhenikha, ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-65. - kuchwepheshe wemfuyo, ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-58 - kudokotela wezilwane.
Ngolwazi lwami njengomphathi Valentin Kozlov siyaqiniseka ukuthi ukukhuphula amaholo ukuheha abasebenzi abasha nokugcina abasebenzi akusanele. Ngakho-ke, i-VALMIX LLC isebenzisa uhlelo lokugqugquzela oluvumela abantu abafuna futhi abakwaziyo ukwenza imali enhle. Nalapha kuzomele siphendukele kumkhuba wakudala wamaSoviet, lapho abaholi benikwa lokho okubizwa ngomholo we-13 ekupheleni konyaka. Ezimweni zanamuhla, umnikazi webhizinisi uyakwazi ukuklomelisa abasebenzi abathembisa kakhulu ngamabhonasi. Ubukhulu bawo kufanele budlule umholo ojwayelekile, uma kungenzeka izikhathi eziningana, ukuze umamukeli abone ukubaluleka kwakhe futhi alwele ukuthethelela ukwethenjwa.
Vitaly Shtopel Ngiqinisekile ukuthi inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle ecatshangelwe ngokucophelela iyadingeka ukuheha izinsiza zabantu. Abaphathi bakwaLesnye Dali banqume ukuthenga futhi bakhe kabusha elinye ihostela, elizokwakha cishe amafulethi anamagumbi amabili okulala abasebenzi bakusasa. Iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa kwendlu encane yezindlu eziyi-15 eziqoshwe kahle ezineziza zasendlini nayo ilungiselelwa ukuqaliswa. Isitokwe sezindlu esiqediwe kufanele sihehe ochwepheshe abasha abakwazile ukuqala imindeni evela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe.
Kusukela kubabukeli kuya ensimini
Ekaterina Nikiforova uthe kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, izinkampani zaseRussia ezihambisana nezolimo zithumele izikhala ezingaphezu kuka-48 ku-hh.ru. Lokhu cishe ingxenye yesithathu (+28%) ngaphezu kwango-2022 kanye nama-51% ngaphezu kwango-2021. Isidingo esikhulu kakhulu sabasebenzi abasha sabhalwa eMoscow (izikhala ezingu-9%), i-Krasnodar Territory (8%) kanye nesifunda saseVoronezh (6%). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani labafakizicelo, ngokuphambene nalokho, libonisa umkhuba omubi. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi ngo-2021, abaqashi bathumele izikhala ze-agronomist ezingaba yi-1,1, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2023 zazingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili.
Iphutha elikhulu Valentin Kozlov ubizela iphuzu lemfundo ephakeme yasekhaya ekukhishweni kwamadiploma kuma-theorists, hhayi ekuqeqeshweni kwabasebenzi. Ngokombono wakhe, izimpande zezinkinga ekukhiqizeni zisemfundweni yethu, eyalahlekelwa umhlaba cishe eminyakeni engama-30-40 edlule. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwezinga layo ukusuka emhlabeni kuya kokuphakathi.
Isixazululo senkinga Svetlana Sonina ubona ekusetshenzisweni komqondo wezemfundo ohlongozwa ngusihlalo wePotato Union, umqondisi jikelele we-JSC "Malino" Sergei Lupekhin. Lo mqondo uthatha okuhamba phambili kokusebenza ngaphezu kwethiyori, udweba kabusha amashejuli okufunda ngendlela yokuthi abafundi bonyaka wesithathu nowesine bachithe kufikela ku-60% wesikhathi sabo sokufunda emabhizinisini, hhayi emakilasini. Abafundi ezindaweni zokuqeqesha "i-agronomy", "agrochemistry", "agroengineering" nokunye kufanele babe nethuba lokwazi imishini yezolimo eyunivesithi futhi bathole ilungelo lokuyiphatha.
Lesi sinyathelo sasisekelwa abalingani beNyunyana - i-Institute of Agrobiotechnologies ye-Timiryazev Academy kanye ne-Tula State Pedagogical University eqanjwe ngo-L. N. Tolstoy. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ngesinqumo somphathi weTula Pedagogical University Konstantin Podrezov, kusukela ngo-September 1, 2023, abafundi bonyaka wesithathu nowesine we-Faculty of Natural Sciences, izindawo zokufunda "Agronomy", "Biology", "Biotechnology ", kanye ne-Faculty of Technology and Business, izindawo zokufunda "Isevisi Yezimoto", "Izinhlelo Zobuchwepheshe ku-Agribusiness", zizoqala i-internship e-Bogoroditsky Alliance LLC ngokohlelo lwe-50/50 (50% yesikhathi sokufunda ekusebenzeni, 50% ocwaningweni).
Ithuluzi lokuqeqesha elisebenzayo Svetlana Sonina ibheka iphrojekthi Federal "Professionality", ngaphakathi kohlaka lapho JSC "Ozyory" kanye Kolomna Agricultural College, kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza, bakha "Agrocluster" yokufundisa nokukhiqiza esifundeni saseMoscow. Abafundi abahilelekile kuyo bakhulela ezintweni ezinhle kakhulu zokufunda - ukubamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza zebhizinisi lezolimo.
U-Irina Berg