Ngokusho kukaRosstat, isiRashiya esijwayelekile sidla kusuka ku-43,8 kuya ku-64,4 kg wamazambane ngonyaka, ngaphezu kwalokho, amazambane ayifolishi ebalulekile kanye nesitshalo sezimboni. E-Russian Federation, itshalwe endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1188, ngaphezu kuka-50% wayo igxile eSifundeni Esimaphakathi neVolga Federal. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kokutshalwa kwezitshalo kukhula minyaka yonke. Enye yezingxenye zempumelelo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yamazambane, uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokudla okunamaminerali.
Ukuze uthole isivuno samazambane esingu-50 t/ha, kuyadingeka ukwengeza okungenani u-175 kg we-nitrogen, u-70 kg we-phosphorus no-300 kg we-potassium, u-100 kg we-calcium, u-45 kg we-magnesium no-15 kg wesulfure, futhi. njengenani lama-trace elements. Amapulazi amaningi manje aqondise ku-60-70 t / ha, ngakho-ke, umthamo wokunxephezela womanyolo wamaminerali kufanele ube phezulu.
Amazambane yizitshalo ezithanda amazambane, izitshalo ze-chlorophobic ezithanda inhlabathi enesihlabathi esihlabathi esivundiwe. I-nitrogen inesibopho sokukhula kwamaqabunga aqinile nanempilo, ondla izilimo eziyizigaxa, futhi adliwe amazambane phakathi nenkathi yokukhula. I-Phosphorus iyadingeka ekuthuthukisweni kokuqala kwezimpande namahlumela, iqinisekisa ukwakheka kwenani eliphakeme lezilimo eziyizigaxa, futhi ithinta ubukhulu bawo. I-Potassium esigabeni sokugcina senkathi yokukhula ikhuthaza ukuphuma kwezakhi ezivela phezulu kuya kuma-tubers, inquma inani lokudla okunempilo kanye nokunambitheka kwamazambane.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, amazambane amunca izakhi ngokungalingani. Isikhathi esinzima kakhulu senzeka ngesikhathi sokuqalwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa futhi sihlala zize zivuthwe ngokugcwele. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo zizwela kakhulu ukungalingani kwemisoco futhi zisabela ngokugcwele ekuncelweni okwengeziwe kwamaqabunga.
Amazambane brand I-Avrora™ 14-14-23
Kunemikhiqizo eminingana kuphothifoliyo ye-EuroChem, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumazambane kukhombisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Okokuqala, lena Avrora nitroammophoska brand 14-14-23.
I-Avrora ™ 14-14-23 iqukethe u-50/50 nitrate kanye ne-ammonium nitrogen, i-phosphorus ngendlela etholakala kalula encibilika emanzini, ayikho i-sodium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokwakheka kwemvelo kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, umanyolo uqukethe izinto ezibalulekile njengesulfure (1,7%), i-calcium (0,2-0,5%) ne-magnesium (0,9%). Njengengxenye ye-Avrora ™ 14-14-23 inani elincane le-chlorine, ngenxa yalo manyolo lingasetshenziswa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala noma lapho kutshalwa amazambane (ngokungafani ne-potassium chloride). Kunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise ekwindla kuphela, ukuze ngesikhathi sokutshala, i-chlorine ion ibe nesikhathi sokugeza inhlabathi, ngoba ibuyisela ukuthuthukiswa nokuvuthwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Izinga lokufaka elinconyiwe lika-14-14-23 ngu-400-1000 kg / ha (uma i-KCl ingakaze isetshenziswe kusukela ekwindla), engahlukaniswa ngezingubo ezimbili: ukuhlwanyela kwangaphambili nokuhlwanyela kusengaphambili ngesilinganiso esingu-3: 1 . Uma i-KCl yethulwa ukulima, khona-ke umthamo uzoba ngu-200-300 kg / ha.
I-calcium nitrate esikhundleni se-ammonium nitrate
Naphezu kokuthi amazambane ayizitshalo ezibekezelela i-acidity yenhlabathi ephakathi, adla i-calcium eningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impendulo efanele yemvelo yomhlabathi (pHamanzi 6,2-7,0) isiqinisekiso sokutholakala kwemisoco yezitshalo, ngakho-ke, ukuthola isivuno esikhulu.
Njengoba izifunda ezinkulu ezitshala amazambane ngokwazo zinenhlabathi ene-asidi, ukusetshenziswa okuhlelekile kwe-ammonium nitrate kuzophinde kwehlise i-pH, ekugcineni kubangele ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi nokulahlekelwa ukuvunda. Enye indlela umanyolo we-physiologically neutral nitrogen-limestone (NLF) ovela ku-EuroChem. I-UAI ayiwufaki i-asidi enhlabathini, ithuthukisa izici zayo ezibonakalayo, ihlinzeka izitshalo nge-nitrogen edingekayo futhi ngaphezu kwalokho inikeza i-calcium ne-magnesium.
Lo manyolo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, unomphumela wokukhululwa kwe-nitrogen ende ngenxa yengxenye emuncayo - i-dolomite. Isetshenziswa ngokukha phezulu, ngaphandle kokushumeka ngethamo lika-300-350 kg / ha, okutuswa ukuthi ihlukaniswe ngezingubo ezi-2 - eyokuqala ngemuva kokwakheka kweqabunga lesithathu, okwesibili ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20.
Umsebenzi weshidi
Ukondla amaqabunga kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokukhula kwamazambane. Ngosizo lwayo, kungenzeka ukugqugquzela isiko ezigabeni ezithile zokuthuthuka, ukulungisa ngokushesha ukuntula kwanoma iyiphi into, futhi ukwandise ukumelana kwezitshalo ezicini ezingezinhle zemvelo. Izivundisi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezincibilika emanzini zomugqa we-Aqualis zisebenza njengethuluzi lalokhu.© kusuka ku-EuroChem. Ngenxa yokuncibilika okungu-100% nokutholakala kwe-bioavailability, ukungabikho kwe-sodium, i-chlorine ne-ballast ekwakhiweni kwayo, le mikhiqizo ilungele ukuphakelwa kwamaqabunga. Umugqa we-Aqualis© - lawa ama-brand angu-7 anezilinganiso ezahlukene ze-NPK, S kanye ne-Mg, ngaphezu kwalokho ahlanganiswe nama-microelements ngendlela ye-chelated: Fe, B, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo. Kukhona ukuqala, ukulinganisa kanye namamaki wokugcina, kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka - ifomula yayo eyingqayizivele. Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuphakela i-Aqualis oluphelele© kuye kwafakazelwa izikhathi eziningi ovivinyweni lwasensimini ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamazambane.
Ihlola ensimini
Esifundeni sase-Oryol, enhlabathini ene-acidic kakhulu, ukushintshwa kwe-10-26-26 (400 kg / ha) kanye ne-ammonium nitrate (300 kg / ha) nebanga 14-14-23 Avrora.™ (500 kg/ha) kanye ne-AIM (370 kg/ha) ilethe u-11,4 t/ha eyengeziwe esivunweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lomonakalo ezitshalweni nge-alternaria lehla ngo-2,9%, ngokulimaza sekwephuzile - ngo-10,1%, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrate kuma-tubers kwehle kusuka ku-120 kuya ku-91 mg / kg. Umthelela ohlukile kusukela ekwethulweni kwe-UAI engathathi hlangothi ngokomzimba ulinganiselwa ku-8,1 t/ha wokwanda okuhlobene ne-ammonium nitrate esikalini esifanayo se-a.i. (bheka Ishadi 1).
I-AO Severka, esifundeni saseMoscow, iphinde yahlola ukushintshwa kwebanga 10-26-26 (600 kg / ha) esikhundleni se-Avrora.™ I-14-14-23 (650 kg / ha) kanye ne-ammonium nitrate (300 kg / ha) ku-AIM (370 kg / ha). Uhlelo lwengezwe nge-Aqualis foliar dressing©: 18-18-18 (3 kg / ha) amahlumela 5-15 cm, 18-18-18 (3 kg / ha) phezulu 15-30 cm, 13-40-13 (3 kg / ha) esigabeni ihlumela, 6-14-35 (4 kg / ha) amasonto 3-4 ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Umphumela uba ukwanda kwesivuno ngo-9,8 t / ha kanye nama-ruble angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-91 / ha yenzuzo eyengeziwe (bheka Umdwebo 2).
Ku-OOO SK im. I-Kalinin "ye-Krasnodar Territory ihlole uhlelo olufanayo lokuvundisa i-Aqualis ngamahlamvu.©: 18-18-18 phezulu 10-15 cm, 13-40-13 esigabeni sokuhluma, 3-11-38 amasonto 3 ngaphambi kokuvuna. Umanyolo wafakwa ngethamo lika-3 kg/ha kanye nemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo. Epulazini, kwasetshenziswa umanyolo womhlaba kuphela. Umphumela wokwanda kwesivuno ohlelweni lwe-EuroChem ufinyelele ku-3,3 t / ha, inzuzo enemibandela enemibandela - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-61 / ha. (bheka Ishadi 3).
Usenemibuzo? Ochwepheshe be-EuroChem bazokujabulela ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde ama-nuances wokudla kwamaminerali amazambane, ukhethe umanyolo kanye nezinhlelo ozozisebenzisa ezihlangabezana nemibandela yepulazi lakho elithile.
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