Ezifundeni eziningi zezwe lethu, okusanhlamvu ebusika yizo izitshalo eziyinhloko. Isabelo sabo sendawo ephelele ehlwanyelwe eRussian Federation, ngokusho kukaRosstat, ingaphezu kwama-23% (amahektha ayizigidi ezingama-18,7 - wokuvuna ngo-2021), naseziFundazweni zaseFuldudu zaseNingizimu naseNyakatho - ezingaphezu kuka-60%. Ngukolweni wasebusika, isivuno esithe xaxa ngonyaka odlule saba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-63,2 (uma kuqhathaniswa namathani ayizigidi ezingama-22,7 kakolweni wasentwasahlobo), esihlinzeka ngokuvunwa okusanhlamvu okuyisisekelo futhi sisebenza njengohlobo lwesiqinisekiso senhlalakahle yokudla ezweni. Eminyakeni engemihle kakhulu, abalimi bathembele ezitshalweni zasebusika: ngenxa yohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthuke kakhulu, lezi zilimo ziyamelana kakhulu nesomiso nesithwathwa, esivumela amapulazi ukuthi athole isivuno esiqinisekisiwe futhi, okungenani, "aye kuziro".
Ngakho-ke isizini ka-2020/2021 kube nzima ezifundeni eziyinhloko zezolimo eRussia: ekwindla kwakomile, kanti intwasahlobo yayina futhi ibanda. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingesihle, umthamo wesivuno esikhulu sezitshalo zasebusika uzokwehla ngokuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, kepha usazohlala uphezulu impela.
Akwaziwa ukuthi yiziphi izinselelo ngonyaka ozayo ezilungiselela zona, kodwa kusemandleni ethu ukunakekela izitshalo zethu futhi sicabange ngokukhethwa kobuchwepheshe, umanyolo nezinhlobonhlobo.
Ukuze ukhethe umanyolo oyisisekelo ofanele wamaminerali, kubalulekile ukuqonda izidingo zezitshalo zasebusika ekwindla.
Umanyolo onzima. Ukubuka konke kwamafomu asebenza kahle kakhulu
Ama-Ammophos 12:52
I-Ammophos ingumanyolo osebenza ngezindlela eziningi osebenza kahle osebenza ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi kuzo zonke izindawo zezulu zezwe. Ungomunye umanyolo we-phosphate ogxile kakhulu - 52 g P2O5, 95% encibilikayo emanzini, okungukuthi, isakhi sitholakala kalula ezitshalweni. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuhlanganiswa ne-ammonium nitrogen.
Kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukuhlinzeka izitshalo nge-phosphorus etholakalayo esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula? I-Phosphorus ayisiwo amandla kuphela, kodwa futhi iyisici esibalulekile se-carbohydrate metabolism kanye ne-synthesis of compounds organic compounds. Yena, ngaphezu kokugqugquzela okujwayelekile kwezinqubo zokukhula komzimba nokukhula, unesibopho sokwakha uhlelo lwezimpande olunamandla, olubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni zasebusika. Ama-Ammophos anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, kulula ukuwasebenzisa, aqinisa uhlelo lwempande, andisa ukumelana kwezitshalo nesomiso nezifo.
Izinga lokufaka isicelo: kusuka ku-70 kuye ku-150 kg / ha.
I-Sulfoammophos 20:20 (13,5)
Njengoba unazo zonke izimfanelo ezinhle zama-ammophos, lo mkhiqizo futhi ungumthombo omuhle kakhulu wesibabule, i-calcium ne-magnesium. Zonke lezi zinto ziqukethwe ku-NPS 20: 20: 13,5 sulfoammophos eyenziwe yi-EuroChem. Okuqukethwe okulinganiselayo kwe-nitrogen ne-phosphorus kunikeza ukudla okudingekayo, futhi okuqukethwe kwesibabule kwenza lo manyolo uhluke. Isalfure iyadingeka ezitshalweni ngendlela efanayo ne-nitrogen: ukuba yingxenye yamaphrotheni compounds, ibamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile ze-metabolic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni zasebusika, isulphur ineqhaza ekukhuleni kokumelana nezitshalo ezifweni, futhi ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezandisa ikhwalithi yokusanhlamvu.
I-Sulfoammophos ilungele izindawo ezinokutholakala kwesulfure ephansi futhi ibalulekile ekutholeni imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme, kanti ngasikhathi sinye ibiza kakhulu kune-ammophos.
Izinga lokufaka isicelo: kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-200 kg / ha.
Нитроаммофоски 14:14:23, 16:16:16, 10:26:26
Ifanele ukufakwa emasimini anensalela yezitshalo ubuncane besivuno sangaphambilini, ngemuva kwezitshalo ezine-potassium carryover ephezulu noma emikhakheni enesifo se-potassium enhlabathini. Kulezi zimanyolo, amafomu e-nitrate ne-ammonium aqukethe izilinganiso ezilinganayo, ngenxa yalokho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudalwa izimo zokudla okunempilo, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehla kokulahleka kwe-nitrogen kuqinisekiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokwakheka kwemvelo kwento eluhlaza, umanyolo uqukethe isibabule, i-calcium ne-magnesium. Ukukhethwa kwefomula kuncike ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi nokususwa kwesivuno. Kungcono ukukhetha izintandokazi ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium, ngoba zibaluleke kakhulu esitshalweni ekwindla. Uma okuqukethwe kwalezi zinto zombili kungaphansi kwesilinganiso, kungcono ukukhetha uphawu luka-10: 26: 26.
Ezimweni lapho kutholakala okuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-potassium ensimini uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile komanyolo we-phosphorus, ungasebenzisa ngokuphepha uphawu lwe-14: 14: 23. I-Potassium izofaka isandla ekumelaneni kwezitshalo ezimweni zokushintshashintsha kokushisa okubukhali nokuntuleka komswakama. Umphumela wokusetshenziswa komanyolo we-potash ubonakala kakhulu enhlabathini ekhanyayo, kepha, ngemithamo emincane, i-potassium kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuhlwanyela ubusika kuyo yonke inhlabathi nezindawo zezulu ukuqinisekisa ubulukhuni bezitshalo obusika kangcono.
Masikhumbule ukuthi, yize kunombono osabalele mayelana nokuqukethwe okwanele kwe-potassium enhlabathini, lokhu akuhambelani ngaso sonke isikhathi neqiniso. Izindlela zanamuhla zokuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri azihlinzeki ngemininingwane enenhloso nethembekile kokuqukethwe kwe-potassium etholakala kalula ezitshalweni. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukunaka le nto uma usebenza ngamabele, ikakhulukazi uma ubhekene nezinkinga ezinjengeqhwa, isomiso nendawo yokuhlala. Yi-potassium ekhulisa ukumelana nokusanhlamvu kuwo wonke la macala, ukuhlinzeka ngomthamo wamanzi wokugcina amanzi kanye namandla ezimpondo.
Izinga lokufaka isicelo: kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-200 kg / ha.
Sebenzisa izindlela ezifakazelwe, kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi izinyathelo ezingavamile zisebenza ngempumelelo ezimeni ezingavamile!
Ubuqili bokwenza
Umanyolo omkhulu ezifundeni ezinokusilela kwemvula yasekwindla ungasetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela ebusika, okungukuthi, kusengaphambili. Kunomkhuba wokufaka ama-ammophos, ama-sulfoammophos ne-NPK ukuthola imvula elandelayo elindelwe inyanga eyodwa noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela - lokhu kuvumela ukuthi omanyolo bancibilike emhlabathini.
Ngaphezu kwamafomu nomthamo womanyolo, indlela yokufaka isicelo nayo ibalulekile, okungukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kamanyolo ngesikhathi sokutshala. Uma umanyolo omkhulu unikezwa ngokungahleliwe, amazinga okufaka i-phosphorus kufanele abe ku-40-60 kg a.i. / ha. Uma kukhona inqubo eyenza kube lula ukubeka umanyolo "ngokulandelana", amanani ancishiswa abe ngu-20-40 kg / ha. Ama-pellets abekwa ngo-5 cm eceleni futhi ajule (isb. 7-8 cm diagonally) kusuka embhedeni wembewu. Ukuhlwanyela umanyolo ngokulandelana kukuvumela ukuthi wehlise umthamo wesicelo ngaphandle kokunikela ngesivuno uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokusabalalisa. Kepha amayunithi wokuhlwanyela avumela ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokufaka isicelo abiza kakhulu kunabasabalalisi.
Khetha umanyolo ofanele wezimo zakho zepulazi. Unemibuzo? Uyacelwa ukuthi uthinte ongoti be-EuroChem abazokusiza ukhethe inketho yokudla okunempilo engcono kakhulu kuyo yonke imikhakha yezitshalo.
Iwebhusayithi: agro.eurochem.ru
Insizakalo ye-Agrochemical: agrodep@eurochem.ru