AMALUNGISELELO E-EUROCHEM KWIZOBUCHWEPHESHE BOKUFUNDA KAKHULU
Amazambane angenye yezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokudla, ifolishi nezimboni, kepha izimo ezikahle zokulinywa kwazo azikho yonke indawo. Wonke umlimi ufuna ukuthola isivuno esihle. Uhlelo olukhethwe ngokufanele lwezondawo zamaminerali luzosiza ukufezekisa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yamazambane.
Ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo samazambane esezingeni eliphakeme kuyinqubo ekhandlayo futhi kuncike kuzici zomzimba zesiko. Ngokungafani nokusanhlamvu, amazambane adinga izakhamzimba eziningi zamaminerali, ezinqunywa ukukhuphuka komkhiqizo wesitshalo kanye nokuthuthuka okubuthakathaka kohlelo lwaso lwempande.
IPOTATO IBANDLA
Ukuthola isivuno esigcwele (200-250 kg / ha), kuyadingeka ukunikeza cishe i-125 kg ye-nitrogen, ama-50 kg we-phosphorus kanye ne-230 kg ye-potassium enhlabathini. Amazambane adla inani elikhulu le-calcium (70 kg) ne-magnesium (30 kg), kanye nenani elincanyana lethusi, i-zinc ne-manganese kufanele futhi abe khona ohlelweni lokudla okunempilo lwesiko. Ngeke kwenzeke ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngazo zonke izinto ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba amazambane azidinga ngezigaba ezahlukile zokukhula.
I-nitrogen, njengesakhi esiyinhloko sesakhi sesitshalo, iyadingeka ezigabeni zokuqala. Kuthuthukisa ukukhula kweziqongo, kunweba isikhathi sezitshalo kanye nokuvuthwa ngokomzimba kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Iphosphorus ibalulekile uma umsoco ngohlelo lwezimpande unzima. Esikhathini sokushisa okuphansi noma at pH engalungile yenhlabathi, umsoco we-phosphorus ofanele uqinisekisa ukuvuthwa ngokomzimba kwe-nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Amazambane adinga i-potassium eningi kune-potaziyamu, okuthi esigabeni sokugcina sesikhathi sokukhula kukhuthaze ukuphuma kwezakhi zomzimba kusuka eziqongweni kuya kuzilimo eziyizigaxa. Umphumela wayo ngokuyinhloko uncike ohlotsheni lomanyolo we-potash (ngokwesibonelo, umanyolo oqukethe i-chlorine wenza kabi ikhwalithi yamazambane), ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha umkhiqizo, kufanele unake okuqukethwe yile nto ekwakhiweni.
Kungani amazambane “esaba” chlorine? Le nto yamakhemikhali inyusa ukugcwala kwezicubu ngamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela ibambezele ukukhula kanye nokuvuthwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. I-Chlorine ions ivimbela umsebenzi wama-enzyme ahilelekile ukuphuma kwemikhiqizo yokutholwa kusuka emaqabungeni kuya kuma-nezilimo eziyizigaxa, ngenxa yalokho isitashi sibambezeleka kuzo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ochwepheshe be-EuroChem bancoma ukuthi kufakwe umanyolo we-chashine oqukethe i-chlorine ukwelashwa ekwindla, ukuze kuthi lapho inkathi yasekwindla-entwasahlobo, i-chlorine ions igezwe ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zenhlabathi. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi nesihlabathi, umanyolo we-potash kumele usetshenziswe kuphela entwasahlobo ukuvikela ukulahleka kwe-potassium ekuvuthweni.
I-EuroChem ibinakekela amakhasimende ayo nezitshalo zayo, ngakho-ke, ukuthola umsoco olinganiselayo wamazambane, ilungiselele umanyolo wezimbiwa onzima - i-nitroammofoska 14-14-23. Lo mkhiqizo womanyolo wenzelwe izilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhulayo, izimpande zezitshalo nezitshalo zemifino.
I-Nitroammofosku 14-14-23 ingasetshenziswa ngokuhlwanyela noma phambi kwayo. Yini emenza ahluke kwabanye?
- Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obukuvumela ukuthi unciphise inani le-potassium chloride kuye kuma-25% futhi wandise okuqukethwe kwe-potassium nitrate kuye kuma-75%, ngokulandelana. Enye inzuzo ye-nitroammofoska 14-14-23 inamandla, uma iqhathaniswa ne-analogues, i-granule equkethe inani elifanayo lezakhi eziyisisekelo kanye nokungeziwe (isulfure, i-calcium, i-magnesium) ngendlela etholakala ezitshalweni.
Ngo-2016, esifundeni iVolgograd, ngesisekelo sepulazi iRaigorod, kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kwesicelo sikamanyolo se-NPK 14-14-23 samazambane amazambane ngaphansi kwezimo zokunisela. Ngokwendlela yokufaka isicelo, kubhekwe izinketho ezimbili: isikhathi esisodwa entwasahlobo ngomthamo we-1000 kg / ha futhi kancane kancane - 350 kg / ha ekwindla no-650 kg / ha entwasahlobo. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwepulazi luhlinzekelwe ukusetshenziswa kwama-350 kg / ha NPK 9-25-25 ekwindla no-650 kg / ha NPK 17-0,1-28 entwasahlobo. Ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa, isivuno esiphezulu (ukwanda kwaba ngu-3,3 t / ha) kufinyelelwe ngokuhluka kwesicelo esisodwa somthamo ophelele we-nitroammofoska 14-14-23. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kahle kwalolu hlelo kubonise ukuthi inzuzo ngehektha ngalinye inyuke ngama-ruble angama-1.
Ngokungeziwe kokudla okune-potassium, umsoco wesikhathi eside we-nitrogen ubaluleke kakhulu kumazambane. Ukuba khona kwe-nitrogen etholakalayo isikhathi eside kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingathengiswa, okuthi ekugcineni kukhuphule isivuno sengxenyana yezentengiso. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu komanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi we-NPK, ongoti be-EuroChem batusa ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-KAS-32, oqukethe i-8% nitrate ne-ammonium nitrogen ne-16% amide, ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu. Ngenxa yokuguquka kancane kancane kwefomu ye-nitrogen kune-ammonium, bese ifomu le-nitrate, olutholakala kakhulu ezitshalweni, ukulahleka kwe-nitrogen lapho usebenzisa lo manyolo lincane.
Ukusebenza kokugqoka amazambane i-KAS-32 kuye kwafakazelwa kaninginingi ngokwamandla, ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow ngesisekelo se-JSC "i-Ozyory". Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqizayo, iGala, yakhethwa ukuhlolwa, lapho ochwepheshe basebenzisa khona iDiammofoska 10-26-26 njengomanyolo oyinhloko oyinkimbinkimbi. Ngemuva kokufingqa imiphumela, kwavezwa ukuthi inketho yokusebenzisa ama-300 l we-UAN-32 ngaphansi kwezingqimba uma kuqhathaniswa nokwethulwa kwama-200 kg we-ammonium nitrate inikeze ukwanda kwesivuno se-5 t / ha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhishwa kwengxenyenamba ethengiswayo kukhuphuke ngo-16,6%, kanti inzuzo etholakele yaba ama-ruble angama-63000 ehektheleni ngalinye.
I-NITROGEN NGAMABHODI NGAPHEZU KULAHLE
Uhlelo olufanele lokukhulelwa kwe-nitrogen alukwazi ukukhulisa isivuno kuphela, kepha futhi longa nemali yomlimi. Amathemba amakhulu wabalimi bamazambane kule ndlela avulwa ngumkhiqizo omusha wenkampani ye-EuroChem - UTEK urea.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubopha ama-urea granules nge-urease inhibitor bandisa isenzo se-nitrogen, esiqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zobukhulu obulinganayo. Inkinga enkulu yokudla kwe-nitrogen kuhlala kungalahli i-nitrogen engakhiqizi, kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kuma-80%. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-UTEC carbamide kungabanciphisa kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngabachwepheshe be-EuroChem ngonyaka we-2018 ngokwesisekelo seKudashevo SEC esiFundeni saseTula kukhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-urea okuvinjelwe akugcini nje ngokwandisa isivuno samazambane, kodwa futhi kukhulisa kakhulu isivuno sengxenye yezentengiso.
Ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane eRed Scarlett wokugaya inhlabathi, i-ammonium nitrate yethulwa ngomthamo ongama-200 kg / ha kanye ne-UTEC urea 150 kg / ha. Lapho utshala, uphawu lwembiza yamazambane NPK 14-14-23 lwalusetshenziswa njengomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi kuzo zombili ezihlukile. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombisile ukuthi ku-UTEC urea ehlukile, ekubaleni isivuno semvelo, isivuno sengxenye yezentengiselwano sasingu-27 t / ha, okuyisilinganiso esingu-13,5% ngaphezu kokulawulwa.
IMINININGWANE YOKUDLA OKUKHULU
Iqoqo lazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo zizosiza ukwengeza uhlelo lokudla amazambane lube phezulu. Ukugqoka amaqabunga kube yingxenye yobuchwepheshe obukhulu bokutshala lesi sitshalo, zikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amandla okuzala wokukhiqiza futhi ukhuphule ukusebenza kahle komanyolo ayisisekelo. I-EuroChem inikezela ngamanyolo anhlobonhlobo angafakelwa amanzi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona imikhiqizo ye-mono -oni (i-monoammonium phosphate, i-monopotassium phosphate, i-potassium sulfate, i-magnesium sulfate, i-calcium nitrate), ne-NPK Aqualis eyinkimbinkimbi, eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa njengabaqondisi bezondli.
I-EuroChem ihlela ukuqhubeka nokukhiqiza nokuhlolwa kwesayensi kwamanyolo kumazambane ngokuzayo. Ochwepheshe benkampani bazokusiza njalo ukuthi uqonde izindaba zokudla okumbiwa phansi kwalokhu nezinye izitshalo, ukweluleke futhi ukhethe nezinhlelo ezihambisana nemibandela yepulazi lakho.
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