Amathani ayisigidi ayisikhombisa aqoqiwe
U-Alexey Krasilnikov, Umqondisi Omkhulu WePotato Union yaseRussia
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia kusukela ngo-Okthoba 31, 2019, amazambane emabhizinisini ezolimo nasemapulazini abalimi (amapulazi) abanjwa endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-276,3, noma u-91,4% wendawo yokutshala, kwembiwa amathani ayizigidi eziyi-7 (ngo-2018 - amathani ayizigidi ezingama-6,5) ngesivuno esingu-254,4 c / ha (ngo-2018 - 233,4 c / ha).
Kwezinye izifunda, ukuvuna kusaqhubeka, ngakho-ke umphumela wokugcina walo nyaka uzoba mkhulu kakhulu. Siyagcizelela ukuthi ngisho namanje amathani ezinkulungwane ezingama-510 zamazambane asavunwa ngaphezulu konyaka owedlule.
Isikhathi sokuphela asilethanga isimanga esithile maqondana nokwabiwa kwezindawo ohlwini lwezifunda ezihamba phambili ngokwamarisidi amakhulu. Isifunda saseBryansk ngokwesiko sithathe indawo ephezulu: kumbiwe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-809, isivuno esijwayelekile singama-303 c / ha. Kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngonyaka odlule imiphumela yesifunda ibiphezulu: isivuno esikhulu bekungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-896, isivuno - i-335 c / ha. Abalimi bamazambane bathi lokhu kubangelwa yisomiso, esihlale isikhathi eside esifundeni saseBryansk kuleli hlobo, kanye nasekuhlaselweni kwesibungu samazambane.Ngenxa yezinye izifunda eziningi kweziyishumi eziphezulu, isizini ibimnandi kakhulu, futhi yeqa impumelelo yonyaka odlule.
Ngakho-ke, esifundeni saseTula kwembiwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-555 (ngo-2018 - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-374).
Lo mehluko uyaqondakala: ngonyaka ka-2019, isifunda saseTula sayandisa kakhulu indawo etshalwe yisitshalo: sisuka kumahektha ayi-16 kuye kwangama-18,2.
Okulandelayo kulandela isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod, lapho bekuqoqwe khona amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-479 (kuqhathaniswa namathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-360 ngonyaka we-2018). Indawo yesine esifundeni saseMoscow: amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-427 (uma eqhathaniswa namathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-328 ngonyaka we-2018). ISifunda Sverdlovsk sivalela amahlanu: amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-282 (namathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-264 ngonyaka we-2018).
Sizokwethula nemiphumela yesifunda sase-Astrakhan - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-273 (amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-182 ngonyaka wezi-2018); Isifunda iTyumen - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-259 (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-239 ngonyaka ngaphambili); Isifunda saseLipetsk - amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-189 (amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-163 ngonyaka ka-2018); IRiphabhlikhi yaseChuvashia - amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-172 (amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-143 ngo-2018) kanye nesifunda saseKemerovo - amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-164 (amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-195 ngo-2018).
Izinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zokuvunwa kwamazambane kulo nyaka ziboniswe yi: Isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod - 337 c / ha, iPskov - 334 c / ha nesifunda saseLipetsk - 326 c / ha. Ngokuvamile, unyaka wavela waba nezithelo ezifundeni eziningi zezwe, kepha ukuvuna kwakungahambi bushelelezi kuyo yonke indawo. Izinkinga zaphawulwa ngabalimi bamazambane besifunda saseSverdlovsk: izimvula ezinde ngoSepthemba zaholela ekugcwalisweni kwamanzi okuqinile kwenhlabathi, okwandisa kakhulu isikhathi somsebenzi wasensimini. Abakhiqizi abaningi bezolimo bazwakalise ukwesaba ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yesivuno esinothile izongena ngaphansi kweqhwa, kepha okwamanje isimo sesilinganisiwe: ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo wesifunda, ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, amazambane abesevunwe kusuka ku-97% wendawo yokutshala.
Imodi yezimo eziphuthumayo ngenxa yezinga lezinyanga ezimbili lokufika kwezulu elethwe ngo-Okthoba e-Vologda Oblast, kwavela lezo zinkinga ezifanayo esifundeni saseNovgorod.
Okwamanje, eVologda Oblast, kuvunwe amazambane kusuka ku-82,6% wensimu (kwaqoqwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-57, ngo-2018 - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-59), esifundeni saseNovgorod - kusuka ku-86% (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-88,3 atholakele, ngo-2018 - m - 84,6 amathani ayizinkulungwane). Ngokuya ngale mininingwane, singasho ukuthi yize abalimi bamazambane kulezi zifunda bezothola ukulahlekelwa, lesi simo asikabi nenhlekelele.
Isimo esinzima kakhulu sesithuthukile esifundeni saseFar Eastern Federal. EKhabarovsk Territory, ngokwesibonelo, amazambane embiwa kusuka ku-10% wendawo, kwavunwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-0,9 (ngo-2018 - amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14,5). Ehlobo, izikhukhula zehla ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-24 endawo yesifunda. Manje amazambane athengwa kubahlali bakule ndawo kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia nase China.
IZICWANGCISO EMNYANGENI WONYAKA ODlule
Isivuno esicebile, esiqoqwe cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia, asinikeli ekukhuphukeni kwentengo yomkhiqizo. Ukuphela kuka-Okthoba, ezifundeni ezisenkabeni yeRussia nasendaweni yaseVolga, amazambane amaningi athengiswa ngentengo yama-ruble ayi-9 kuye kwayi-11 - okungukuthi, ezingeni lonyaka odlule noma ngaphansi kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazambane eBryansk, eBelgorod naseVoronezh ashibhile ngo-15-20% kunasezifundeni ezingomakhelwane.
Kunzima ukubikezela noma iziphi izinguquko kule ndawo, kodwa sethemba ukuthi amanani azonyuka kancane kancane. Ukwenza imibono enjalo kuvumela iqiniso lokuthi inqwaba yamazambane aseBelarusian kulo nyaka iya e-Ukraine (lapho kulo nyaka ukwehluleka kwezitshalo, futhi amanani ephule wonke amarekhodi avumelekile kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti) futhi ungafaki ingcindezi emakethe yethu.
Ukushoda kakhulu kwamazambane kuyabonakala futhi eMoldova; kunezicelo zokuthekelisa ezivela eSerbia. Kepha akukaze kube manje ukusungula ukudiliva kwamazambane kusuka eRussia lapho. Isithiyo esikhulu: ukungeniswa kwamazambane etafuleni atheleleke ngegciwane le-Y (uhlobo olukhona ngeRussia neBelarus) akuvunyelwe kula mazwe. Uhlobo lwegciwane laseYurophu lubhekwa njengento eyamukelekayo. I-Potato Union yafaka isikhalazo kuRosselkhoznadzor weRussian Federation ngesicelo sokuxazululela lolu daba, izingxoxo zabanjwa nabamele izifundazwe, kepha kuze kube manje asikatholakali isisombululo.
Silindele nokuthi isabelo sebhubesi samazambane aseGibhithe, njengoba ngonyaka odlule, siye emazweni ase-Europe, iningi lawo elihlaselwe yisomiso kule sizini.
Khumbula ukuthi ngesizini ka-2018/19, ukuthunyelwa kwamazambane kokuqala kusuka eGibhithe kuye eRussia kwehle izikhathi ezimbili nesigamu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi asetshenziswa ngokubhalwa kwamazambane asathuthuka, asusa umkhiqizo ongaphezulu emakethe. Ngakho-ke, osomabhizinisi baseLipetsk uLam Weston Belaya Dacha uhlela ukwethula isigaba sesibili futhi ucabanga okwesithathu. Esifundeni saseRyazan, ngemuva kwesimanje, isitshalo seKasimovsky Potato saphinde saqala ukusebenza. NgoSepthemba, iSifunda saseTyumen savula ngokusemthethweni isitshalo se-KRiMM.
OKUFANELEKILEYO KWE-TOED POTATOES
Okwamanje, amabhizinisi aseRussia alungiselela ukufaka izicelo kwiRosselkhoznadzor ukuze ihlolwe inkatho yamazambane amazambane (kufaka phakathi izitshalo ezincane kanye nama-mini-tubers), okuhlelwe ukuthi zilethwe ezweni liphela ngenkathi entsha. Ama-Microplants aseqalile ukufika eRussia.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi kulo nyaka ohlwini olujwayelekile kunezicelo zokulethwa kwezimbewu zezimbewu ezivela eSwitzerland naseChina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunyelwa kweRosselkhoznadzor kuzoshiya iChina kungekudala (ekuqaleni inhloso yokuhambela kwakungukuyohlola izithombo zezitshalo zezithelo, kepha ongoti nabo bakulungele ukuvakashela elabhorethali ukukhiqiza ama-minitubers, imikhiqizo ohlangothini lwaseRussia abazoyithenga).
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iRosselkhoznadzor yenza umsebenzi omningi ukwenza lula inqubo yokuhambisa impahla yaseRussia kwamanye amazwe. Ikakhulu, muva nje, ochwepheshe bomnyango bathuthukise uhlelo “Ukukhipha izimvume zokungenisa imikhiqizo elawulwayo ukuze isetshenziselwe ukuhlwanyela nokutshala” (uhlelo lwe-VRVPP) ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwe-Argus-Fito Federal State Information, okwenzeka njengamanje isigaba sokuhlola futhi ihlelelwe ukubhaliswa. ukusebenza kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2019.
Uhlelo luhlose ukwenza lula inqubo yokugcwalisa kanye nokucubungula izicelo zokungenisa imikhiqizo elawulwayo. Kuzokuvumela ukuthi ugcine irekhodi lezicelo ezihanjisiwe nezimvume ezikhishwe ngokuhambisana nazo ukuze kungeniswe imbewu nezinto zokutshala, izilimo ze-bulb futhi ulandelele izinga lezicelo ezifakiwe online. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo luzosusa amaphutha ezobuchwepheshe owenziwe ababambiqhaza emsebenzini wezomnotho waphesheya lapho kuthunyelwa izicelo, banciphise isikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwezicelo, basheshise inqubo yokuthumela izimpendulo nezimvume zezicelo ezihanjisiwe, baqede isidingo sokufaka izicelo ephepheni, futhi baqinisekise ukucaca nokufinyeleleka.
Masibe nethemba lokuthi ingxenye yezinkinga zokuhlinzekwa izosombululwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ngale ndlela, asiphindi sithembele kuFederal State Information System emkhakheni Wezimboni Zokukhiqiza Kwezolimo (FSIS "Imbewu Production"), ethuthukiswe nguMnyango Wezolimo. Uhlelo kufanele lunikeze ababambiqhaza bezimakethe amandla wokulandela umsuka weqoqo ngalinye lembewu, ukungena kwalo, ukuqoqwa kwemali esetshenziswayo, njll. Ngokuya ngohlelo, uhlelo luzosebenza ngokugcwele ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2020.
Kepha emuva ezinkingeni zokuthengwa kwezaphesheya. Labo labo umfakisicelo ahlangana nabo kakhulu lapho befaka isicelo kubhalwe kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeRosselkhoznadzor. Kukhona futhi imininingwane yokuthi kuqinisekiswe isimo se-phytosanitary kanye nokuqinisekisa ukulandelwa komkhiqizo, zonke izicelo ezifakiwe zihanjiswa ezinhlanganweni zezokuvikela izitshalo zikazwelonke zamazwe aphuma emazweni ngamanxusa alezi zifundazwe. Kulokhu, isikhathi sokulinda semvume sibambezeleka izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine, okubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abahlela ukungenisa ama-microplants (inqubo ayihambisani nesikhathi sempilo yama-microplants). Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ochwepheshe bePotato Union, kanye nochwepheshe beRosselkhoznadzor, bakha indlela ehlukile yokulethwa kwalolu hlobo lwezinto zembewu.
Namuhla, inqubo iqala ngokufaka isikhalazo senkampani engenisa iRosselkhoznadzor ngesaziso sokuthi, ngasiphi isigaba nokuthi ivela kuliphi insimu. AbakwaRosselkhoznadzor babuza abaphathi bezwe elingaba ukuthumela ngaphandle ukuze baqinisekise ngobukhona bezinto ezincane kangaka kanye nesiqiniseko sokuthi bakhule ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinyumba (okusho ukuthi kunobungozi obuncane be-phytosanitary). Ngemuva kokuthola isiqinisekiso, iRosselkhoznadzor ithumela isaziso enkampanini engenisayo ukuthi ukungenisa kuvunyelwe. AbakwaMicroplants bafika lapho bewela khona umngcele bese bedluliselwa endaweni okuyiwa kuyo ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Futhi amagama ambalwa mayelana namanani amazambane angenisa imbewu. Njengoba wonke umuntu ekhumbula, ngonyaka owedlule ngenxa yesomiso saseYurophu, sabhala ukushoda kwamazambane wembewu yokukhiqizwa kwangaphandle emakethe yethu, kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani entengo. Okwamanje, kungaphawulwa futhi ukuthi kunezinkinga ngesitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, eJalimane, kodwa kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokuthi mangakanani amazwe aseYurophu azokwazi ukwenza inkatho eRussia.