U-Ekaterina Kudashkina, Ikhandidethi Yezesayensi Yezolimo
Ochwepheshe babiza amazambane ngesinye sezitshalo ezinenzuzo kakhulu. Ngesizini ka-2021, inzuzo yokutshala amazambane isifinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yokwenyuka kwenani lemakethe lemikhiqizo. Kepha akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwazi ukukhokhela isivuno esiqinisekisiwe samazambane asezingeni eliphakeme: isitshalo sidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezinsiza eziningi, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo abizayo okudla nokuvikela kuso sonke isikhathi sokukhula. Zithetheleleka kangakanani lezi zindleko?
Ngo-2020-2021 unyaka sisenkampanini I-Agroliga LLC yenze izifundo eziningana futhi yathuthukisa izikimu zokuhlola ukuqinisekisa isivuno esikhulu samazambane anembuyiselo egcwele ekutshalweni kwezimali.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya isidingo kanye nomphumela wokwethulwa kohlelo lokuphakela amazambane e-Arizona ware ngamalungiselelo okukhiqizwa kweSpanishi kwenkampani yakwa-Agritecno.
In 2021 Ngonyaka uhlelo lokudla amazambane lwenziwa ngesisekelo sika-K (F) X Yuzefov Nikolay Nikolaevich (Isifunda saseRostov, isifunda saseSemikarakorsk). Ibhizinisi lifakwe emapulazini amakhulu amazambane e-TOP-10 eRussia. Ngokuza lapha, unomuzwa wokuthi leli pulazi linezinyathelo ezintathu ngaphambi kwamanye amaningi: iqembu lisebenza ngokwethembeka, izinkomba zawo wonke amasiko ziphezulu. Umnikazi webhizinisi, u-Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov, usinikeze isayithi lokuhlola lokucwaninga emkhakheni ohlangene. Unesikhundla esimangalisayo: “Akubalulekile ukuthi ukhulise kangakanani, kodwa ukuthi wondle bangaki.”
Umsebenzi omkhulu bekuwukuthola isivuno esiphezulu samazambane ekhwalithi enenzuzo enhle ekutshalweni kwezimali kanye nenzuzo eyengeziwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ngokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo e-Agritecno kwenziwa endaweni engamahektha angama-40, amazambane ase-Arizona atshalwa ekucheleni okungaphezulu. Ukolweni wasebusika wawuyisiqalo kulo mkhakha. Ekwindla, u-600 kg/ha we-diammofoska wasetshenziselwa ukulima, kulandelwa ukwakhiwa kwamaridge. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala, i-diammophoska 200 kg/ha yethulwa, ngaphambi kokukhuphuka - i-ammonium nitrate 150 kg/ha.
Uhlelo lokuhlangenwe nakho kwasensimini lunikezwe kuthebula No. 1
Ukwelapha izilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambili, ngaphezu kwama-insecticide nama-fungicides asetshenziswa ipulazi, kwasetshenziswa amalungiselelo e-Tekamin Rais Plus kanye ne-Controlfit Cu.
Inzuzo yomuthiI-Tekamin Rais» ngoba amazambane alele eqinisweni lokuthi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokuhlwanyela kusheshisa ukwakheka kwesistimu yezimpande ze-tuber, ehlinzeka ngokudla okuzimele kwezitshalo.
Isidakamizwa "Controlfit Cu» (ithusi) yakhelwe ukwandisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ezifweni zefungal kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, okubaluleke kakhulu esigabeni sokuhluma kwe-tuber. Ngaphezu kwesenzo se-fungicidal, ithusi livuselela izinqubo ze-photosynthesis ezitshalweni zemifino. Okukhethekile kwe-"Controlfit Cu" ukuthi into esebenzayo ihamba ku-xylem ne-phloem, ivikela isitshalo ngendlela ehlelekile (okungukuthi i-copper gluconate iwukuphela kwendlela yokuba khona kwethusi ngaphakathi kwesitshalo). Umanyolo awunawo ama-analogues eRussia futhi unobungani bemvelo ngo-100%.
«Ukulawula Cu» yayiphinde isetshenziselwe ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokukhula, umthamo wawuhluka kuye ngesigaba sokukhula kwesitshalo: ukugqoka izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nasenkathini yokuqhakaza kwezimbali, kwasetshenziswa i-1 l/ha, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhluma okukhulu, 2 l/ha. Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi isigaba sokuhluma kwenqwaba senzeka ngesikhathi sokuwohloka kwezimo zezulu esifundeni sethu - lalina kakhulu, futhi iziqongo zamazambane zazisengozini kakhulu ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yomuthiControlfit Cu» - ukuhambisana nama-fungicides nama-insecticides. Abalimi abaningi bayesaba ukufaka ithusi ekwelashweni kwe-tuber kanye ne-spray yezitshalo. Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami komuntu siqu, ngifuna ukugcizelela ukuthi ngemva kokwenziwa komsebenzi, akukho yunithi yesixazululo noma ethangini le-sprayer awenzi imvula. Sekuyiminyaka emibili sisebenza nalokhu kulungiselelwa kumazambane, futhi kuhlala kuzinzile. Imfihlo ilula - ukwakheka okuhle kwesidakamizwa kanye nokulandelana okulungile lapho uxuba - "Controlfit Cu» engeza emanzini alungiselelwe ngaphambi kwe-SZR, ngoba iyilungiselelo lezinto eziphilayo.
Kuhlelo oluyinhloko, ngemuva kokwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, umanyolo olandelayo wengezwa ngokudla kwamazambane amaqabunga:
1. "I-Tekamin Max Plus» - isetshenziswe cishe kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwamazambane, umthamo kuphela washintsha. Asetshenziswa ngokwehlukana izikhathi eziyisi-6 ku-0,5 l/ha, isamba esingu-3 l/ha ngesikhathi sokukhula. Umuthi usetshenziselwa ukwenza kusebenze ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwesiko, ukuvikela ngokuvimbela (uma ukucindezeleka kwenzeka ngemva kokwelashwa ngomuthi. "Tekamin Max") futhi ibuyisela izitshalo ngemva kwezimo ezicindezelayo (uma ukwelashwa kwakungemva kwesimo esicindezelayo). "I-Tecamin Max Plus" ayihlanganisi kuphela nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zokugqoka ama-foliar, okuthuthukisa umphumela wabo, kodwa futhi yengeza izingxube zezakhi ezinama-amino acid adingekayo ezitshalweni, futhi inikeza isitshalo ngokuthuthwa kwezakhi zamaminerali. Umphumela obonakalayo wokusetshenziswa kwe- "Tecamin Max Plus" uvezwa ngokunembile ekukhuleni kwengxenye yasemoyeni yesitshalo, ukwanda kokuqina kombala wamaqabunga kanye nokubukeka okunempilo kwesihlahla. Umphumela wokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwendawo yamaqabunga ukwakheka kwesivuno esikhulu.
Isidakamizwa sihambisana ngokuphelele nemvelo ngenxa yemvelaphi yezitshalo. Okuqukethwe okukhulayo kwezinto eziphilayo (60%) kanye ne-L-amino acids yamahhala yemvelaphi yemifino (12%) kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, kusheshisa ukukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yazo, okwenza ekugcineni kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ingxenyenamba yamazambane e-homogeneous. .
2. "Teknokel Amino B (boron) Plus" - esigabeni sokuhluma - ukuqala kokuqhakaza i-1 l / ha yokukhula kwamahlumela kanye nesistimu yezimpande, ukuvimbela uqweqwe, kanye nokudla okulinganiselayo, ngoba ukuntuleka kwayo kunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-nitrogen ne-calcium. Sinikele "I-Teknokel Amino B» kungalesi sikhathi esibucayi ezitshalweni zamazambane, njengoba i-boron iwumanyolo futhi iyindlela yokuvikela ngokumelene ne-phytophthora.
Ngokwehlukana, ngizogqamisa: sibonga ubuchwepheshe be-FASTB obunelungelo lobunikazi© ️ i-molecule ye-organic yesidakamizwa esithi "Teknokel Amino Bor Plus" ivimbela ukunamathiselwa kwe-boron kulwelwesi lweseli futhi iyenze ihambe, ivimbele ukuntula okwengeziwe kwe-boron.
3. "Teknokel Amino Sa (i-calcium) Plus» - ngokwengxenye i-1 l/ha kusukela ekupheleni kokuqhakaza kuya phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula kwe-tuber, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yekhasi kanye nokugcinwa kwekhwalithi, ngoba isivuno sasihlelelwe ukubeka. Inzuzo "I-Teknokel Amino Sa» ngokunembile ukuthi iqukethe i-boron. I-Boron ibandakanyeka ekuhambeni kwe-calcium ezitshalweni; i-calcium ngokwayo ayisebenzi.
4. "I-Teknokel Amino Mix (hlanganisa) Plus" – 1 l/ha ukuze kuqedwe ukushoda kwe-micronutrient futhi kwandise ukuvikeleka kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-tuber. Lesi silungiseleli sokuntuleka kwe-micronutrient esiphelele esinama-amino acid amahhala emvelaphi yezitshalo sisiza ukuvimbela indlala efihlekile yezitshalo esigabeni sokuzala, sisebenza ngohlelo lwe-enzyme futhi sikhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezitho ezikhiqizayo.
5. "Controlfit RK" (i-potassium phosphite) - 1 l/ha ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokwandisa ukumelana nezifo zefungal. Iwumthombo osheshayo wokudla okunomsoco we-phosphorus-potassium, iqukethe 30% phosphorus kanye 20% potassium.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kwakuhlukile ngoba sasebenzisa ukulungiswa kwe-organic "Enomusa A plus" (5 l / ha isiyonke yenkathi yokukhula, i-fractional) - amahlumela 10-15 cm futhi ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
Ngonyaka odlule, kumagazini wePotato System No. 1/2021, nginikeze isibonelo sokusebenza kwayo. Inkinga kasawoti ibalulekile kuwo wonke amapulazi ngokuchelela, ngakho-ke ngincoma ukuthatha lo manyolo ukuze ujikeleze. Ayini amandla "Agriful"? Isetshenziselwa ukuvundisa njenge-biostimulant yezimpande kanye ne-biofeed yomhlabathi. "I-Agriful" ayivumeli inhlabathi ukuthi ibe nosawoti futhi inciphisa ukuqhutshwa kwayo kagesi endaweni yezimpande.
Kungani unake ngokukhethekileEzolimo"? I-Betains ekubunjweni kwayo isiza ukulawula ingcindezi ye-osmotic ngaphakathi kwezitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukutholakala kwezakhi. "Ezolimo" ikhuthaza ukumuncwa kwama-macronutrients, futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kubhekwa amanani akhuphukayo kanye nempahla engazinzile yomanyolo wamaminerali.
Ama-Fulvic acid kanye nezinto eziphilayo zisebenza ukwandisa ukukhiqiza kwezitshalo. "I-Agriful" ingasetshenziswa kokubili ukuchelela nge-drip kanye nokufafaza. Sifake i-Agriful enamaconsi amakhulu (ye-UAN) kabili ku-2,5 l/ha ngezinga lokugeleza koketshezi olusebenzayo elingu-300 l/ha sase sivula umshini wokunisela. Futhi indlela ethakazelisayo nephumelelayo - kwakungekho ukushiswa, kuyindaba ehlanzekile ye-organic. Izitshalo zikuthathe kahle lokhu kudla. Ngokubheka - ukwakheka kwenhlabathi sekuthuthukile, umhlaba usukhuluphele.
Njengoba amazambane adinga ukwelashwa okuningi ngesizini ngayinye, ikhwalithi yokufafaza ibaluleke kakhulu. Kaningi, abalimi babhekana nenkinga yokulawula i-pH nobulukhuni bamanzi.
Amanzi aqinile anomphumela omubi kakhulu ku:
- a.i. ukusebenza kahle ama-pesticides (ikakhulukazi, ama-fungicides - lokhu kungenye yezindleko ezinkulu zamazambane): ngenxa yamanzi aqinile, angaphansi kwe-alkaline hydrolysis;
- imibhobho yokufafaza: iyavaleka futhi inqubo yomsebenzi yehliswa.
I-air conditioning isetshenziselwa ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga.I-Teknofit pH". Ibopha usawoti wokuqina ukuze ingabangeli i-alkaline hydrolysis. "I-Teknofit pH" ngesikhathi esifanayo yenza i-alkaline futhi ithambisa amanzi aqinile, inciphisa ukungezwani kwamanzi, ithuthukise ukungena kwezixazululo zokusebenza eshidini futhi iqede ukugwedla.
Inkomba yombala ifaka umbala emanzini lapho izinga le-acidity lishintsha, okwenza kube lula ukunquma umthamo odingekayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile.
Ngizogcizelela: esimweni ngasinye esithile sokusebenzisa i-pesticide ethile ekulungiseleleni isisombululo sokusebenza, kungase kube khona ubuqili, ngakho-ke udinga ukufunda ngokucophelela ilebula yomuthi ngamunye futhi usebenze ukuthuthukisa izinga lamanzi. Sekuvele kukhona umkhuba onjalo phesheya - i-pH elungile yesisombululo sokusebenza ibhalwe kumathini. Sithemba ukuthi abakhiqizi baseRussia nabo bazofika kulokhu maduze.
Ngomhla zingama-24 ku-Agasti 2021, kanye nabamele ipulazi, senze ukulawulwa kokumba kusuka kumamitha aqondile angu-1,5, silinganisa futhi sibeke izilimo eziyizigaxa (Fig. 1).
Sabonani? Isivuno esikhulu sengxenye ephakathi yamazambane esakhiweni sokuhlola. Ngaphambi kokuvuna izinyanga ezimbili - izilimo eziyizigaxa zizothola isisindo ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukuhlanza kwenziwa ngo-Okthoba 18-23, 2021.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuvuna iziza zokuhlola nokulawula, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yohlelo olusha lokudla okunomsoco, sikwazile ukonga amathani angu-4,9 epulazini ngalinye. Isivuno samazambane esivela endaweni yokuhlola sasiyi-1 t / ha, kusukela endaweni yokulawula - 70,1 t / ha (Ithebula No. 65,2).
Ithebula 2. Isivuno samazambane
Indawo ehlanzekile, ha | Inqwaba yemikhiqizo evuniwe, t | Ukukhiqiza, t / ha | |
Ukulawula (20 ha) | 5,27 | 343,7 | 65,2 |
Isipiliyoni (40 ha) | 8,25 | 578,4 | 70,1 |
Ngithanda ukudlulisa ukubonga kwami kumnikazi webhizinisi U-Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov nabo bonke abasebenzi basepulazini ukuze kube nendlela eqotho nethembekile ebhizinisini elihlanganyelwe. Sergey Alekseevich Voronov, Umqondisi ophakeme; Petr Yurievich Khmyz, umlimi wamazambane; Evgeny Vladimirovich Ustinov, isazi sezolimo namahlathi, bangochwepheshe bangempela emkhakheni wabo!
Imali engenayo eyengeziwe (inatha, ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali) ngesikhathi sokuvuna ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba 2021 yaba ama-ruble angu-143 ngehektare, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ekulungiseleleni ama-ruble angu-300 ngehektare kanye nezindleko zamazambane ama-ruble angu-13/kg.
Isiphetho: uhlelo oluhlongozwayo lokudla okunomsoco luvumele amandla amakhulu ezitshalo ukuthi adalulwe, inqobo nje uma ithuba lokuthola izinzuzo kokubili mayelana nokukhiqiza kanye nezomnotho. Leli iphuzu elisha eliqinisekisiwe lokukhula kwenzuzo nenkampani yakho.