Imbewu yezinga eliphezulu ingenye yemibandela yokuthola isivuno esiphezulu. Izinkomba zekhwalithi ezilandelayo zibalulekile: ukuhlanzeka (ukungabikho kokungcola kwezinye izitshalo, ukhula, okusanhlamvu okuphukile, utshani, njll.), amandla okuhluma, ukuhluma, umswakama, kanye nokungabikho kokungcoliswa kwembewu yizinambuzane nezifo. Ukuba nale datha esigabeni sokuqala sokutshalwa kwezitshalo, amapulazi angasebenzisa izinsiza zawo ngokuphumelelayo ukuze athole isivuno esikhulu. Ukulungiselela imbewu yesizini elandelayo kuqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna. Okokuqala, umswakama wembewu lapho ugcwaliswa uyahlolwa imbewu enomswakama ophezulu ingase izishise (ishise) ngesikhathi sokugcina, i-caking, ukubola nokubunjwa. Okulandelayo kulandela ukucutshungulwa kwembewu ekungcoleni kwezinye izitshalo, ukhula, okusanhlamvu okuphukile, utshani nezinye izinto.
Ukuhlola ikhwalithi yembewu, abakhiqizi bezolimo bangathintana negatsha le-Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" e-Krasnoyarsk Territory. Igatsha lineminyango eyi-18 yezifunda kanye nezifunda, emelwe ezindaweni zokuhlala (izifunda) ezingama-21 zesifunda. Iminyaka eminingi, ochwepheshe bethu bebehlola ikhwalithi yezinto zembewu futhi bahlinzeka ngokubonisana.
Ukuhluma kwembewu kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezitshalo ensimini kuthinteka ngokuqondile ukungcoliswa kwembewu enezifo. Ngesizinda esinamandla sokuqala esithathelwanayo, sizothola amahlumela kamuva, izitshalo ezibuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukutheleleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngezifo ezinama-pathogens ahamba emoyeni futhi ehamba emoyeni. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Phytoalysis yembewu kusiza amapulazi ukuthi abhekane ngokuphumelelayo nokwelashwa kwembewu futhi onge imali.
Kusukela ngomhlaka-09.04.2024/158,32/1132, ochwepheshe abavela egatsheni leFederal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" eKrasnoyarsk Territory bahlole amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-2023 (amaqoqo angu-223) embewu yokusanhlamvu nezitshalo ezivunwayo kusukela ekuvuneni kuka-XNUMX emapulazini angu-XNUMX.
Izitshalo zamabele. Njengomphumela we-phytoexpertise, yasungulwa:
- ukutheleleka okuphelele kukakolweni, ibhali kanye nembewu ye-oats kungaphansi izikhathi ezingu-1,2 kunonyaka odlule - 20,0, 16,9% no-16,5%, ngokulandelana;
- ukutheleleka kwembewu yokusanhlamvu ngokubola kwezimpande akudluli umkhawulo wokulimaza we-15%. Ukusabalala kwezifo ezitshalweni kube: 8,2% - ukolweni, 7,1% - ibhali no-3,3% - oats, okungaphansi kwezibalo zonyaka odlule ngosuku olufanayo.
- I-helminthosporium kanye ne-fusarium izimpande zibola zivela entweni yembewu, kanti ukuhlaselwa kwembewu kungu-1,4 no-2,1 izikhathi eziphansi kunonyaka odlule, ngokulandelana;
- ama-smut spores atholakala ku-7% wezinhlamvu ezihlaziywe. Imbewu yezitshalo zokusanhlamvu itheleleke nge-smut, ikakhulukazi ngezinga elibuthakathaka;
- Imbewu kakolweni ingcoliswe kakhulu nge-durum smut eqenjini elisempumalanga yezifunda, ibhali eqenjini eliphakathi nama-oats eqenjini lasentshonalanga.
Ama-pulses. Njengomphumela we-phytoexpertise, yasungulwa:
- Izigameko zezifo ezitholakala kwimbewu yezitshalo ezidliwayo ziyi-11,3%, cishe ezingeni langonyaka odlule (11,6%);
- imbewu itheleleke kakhulu nge-ascochyta blight (78% yevolumu ehlaziywe), kanye nokusabalala kwe-3,5%. I-Ascochyta blight, njenge-fusarium blight, ingabangela ukubola kwezimpande zezithombo;
- i-fusarium (i-agent eyinhloko ye-causative yokubola kwezimpande) iphawulwe ku-64% wevolumu efundwayo yama-peas, ngokusabalala kwe-1,1%;
- I-Alternaria blight yaphawulwa ku-71% wevolumu yembewu ehloliwe, isilinganiso esilinganiselwe samaphesenti okuhlaselwa kwaba ngu-2,6%;
- isikhunta esikhuntile sithinte u-48% wevolumu yembewu ehloliwe ngokusabalala kwe-1,5%;
- ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kutholwe ku-48% wevolumu ehlaziywe, iphesenti elilinganiselwe lembewu ethintekile yi-bacteriosis lalingu-2,0%;
- ukubola okumpunga kutholwe emaqoqweni ezinhlamvu zepea (20% wevolumu ehloliwe) ngokusabalala kwe-0,4%.
Ukuhlolwa kwezimfanelo zokuhlwanyela zembewu kuyaqhubeka.