U-Alexey Krasilnikov, Umqondisi Omkhulu WePotato Union yaseRussia
Amasheya amakhulu namanani aphansi. Ukubuyekezwa kwemakethe yamazambane
Amathani wamazambane ayizigidi eziyi-6,7 avunwe ngabakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia emkhakheni wezimboni ngonyaka we-2018. Kepha isivuno esihle asiqinisekisi imali ephezulu, futhi isizini eliqeda ukuphinda liqinisekise lo mbono.
Amasheya amazambane etafula ezifundeni
Ngokusho kukaRosstat, kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2019, inani lezitokisi zamazambane etafula lamabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo liphakeme kancane kunosuku olufanayo ngonyaka owedlule. Cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane zemikhiqizo asalondoloziwe, okuyi-1100% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka we-115. Izinsalela ezinkulu kunazo zonke ziphawulwa ngokwesiko ezifundeni eziholayo zomkhakha: eBryansk (amathani ayinkulungwane eziyi-2018, okuphindwe kathathu kunangonyaka owedlule ngosuku olufanayo), iTyumen (amathani ayinkulungwane eziyi-112, okuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-112 uma kuqhathaniswa nyakenye), izifunda zeLipetsk (1,5 zamathani) Ukwanda okukhulu kokulondolozwa kwamazambane kuqoshwe esifundeni saseKemerovo (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-98, okuphindwe kasikhombisa kunedatha yangonyaka odlule). Esifundeni saseMoscow, isitokhwe samazambane siphezulu kakhulu, uma ugxila ezibalweni (amathani ayinkulungwane ezingama-65), kepha lokhu kungu-96% ophansi uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.
Uhlu lwamanani
Ngesikhathi sikaJanuwari, esiFundeni saseMoscow, inani eliphakathi nendawo lamazambane okudla lalisezingeni lama-ruble ayi-12, kwezinye izindawo (iBryansk, iSamara, iTyumen), amazambane adayiswa ngo-ruble ayi-10 / kg. Ezindaweni eziningi, siphawula nezinkomba ezisezingeni eliphansi, okokuqala, sikhuluma ngezindawo lapho zivune khona kahle futhi nezinqwaba zamazambane ziyagcinwa, "ezichitha" imakethe.
Uma sihlaziya sonke isithombe, kungaphawulwa ukuthi amazambane etafula kulo lonke elaseRussia agcina isimo somkhiqizo ongabizi kakhulu (amanani entengo aphansi ngo-15-30% kunangonyaka owedlule, kuya ngesifunda). Ukushintshashintsha kwezimali okuncane kuyaqoshwa ezifundeni, kepha lo mkhuba awukasithokozisi thina.
Kuhlala kunzima ukwenza isibikezeli ngekusasa, kepha kungacatshangwa ngokuqiniseka okukhulu ukuthi kulo nyaka izinga lentengo emakethe yethu lizobe lincike kakhulu ekuthengeni kwamazambane okuqala angenisiwe: silindele inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yaseGibhithe (futhi ngonyaka owedlule inani eliphelele Ukuthunyelwa kwamazambane eGibhithe kwakufika kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-755, kanti inqwaba yawo yamukelwa yiRussia) izohamba iye emazweni ase-Europe athintekile ngonyaka ka-2018 ngesomiso.
Namuhla sibona ukuthi ePoland, eCzech Republic, amazambane asetafuleni akhuphuke ngentengo amahlandla amabili noma amathathu, futhi imikhiqizo iyashoda. Noma kunjalo, amaketanga okuthengisa aseRussia awakulungele ukuyeka ngokuphelele amazambane angaphandle. Kunemininingwane yokusebenza ukuthi ukuthengwa kwamazambane okuqala ngabasebenza kakhulu sekuvele sekuqalile, futhi amanani entengo wokungena okwamanje aphezulu kakhulu: $ 400-480 ngethani. Khumbula ukuthi ngonyaka odlule, ekuqaleni kwesizini, amazambane angaphandle athengwa ngokwesilinganiso ngamasenti angama-60 ngekhilogremu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kucatshangelwa ukwanda ngokweqile kwemakethe, intengo yehla yaya kumasenti angama-30-35. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhula okubonakalayo okunje kuhlotshaniswa nokwenyuka kwezindleko zamazambane emakethe yasekhaya yase-Egypt: abakhiqizi bezolimo basendaweni bazi kahle ukuthi isidingo semikhiqizo yabo kulo nyaka siphezulu kakhulu, futhi bazama ukuthola izinzuzo ezinkulu esimweni samanje. Masingaziphunguli izimo zezulu: abezindaba babike ukuthi lina ngoJanuwari eGibhithe futhi kwaba nokuphola okuzinzile, okungathinta isivuno.
Ngabe umthengi waseRussia ukulungele ukuthenga okuningi? Iphesenti elithile labantu kungenzeka yebo, kepha iningi esimweni somnotho esikhona manje lizokhetha iziphakamiso zentando yeningi. Ngokunikezwe lokhu, amaketanga wokuthengisa angabeka amazambane aseGibhithe emashalofini ngokufaka uphawu okungenani - isimo esifanayo siyabonakala namuhla ngeklabishi laseRussia, amanani entengo asikhuphukele amahlandla amabili kuya kathathu ngenyanga edlule, kodwa ezitolo ukunyuka kwentengo akubonakali kangako. Kepha umehluko wezindleko kunoma yisiphi isimo uzoba mkhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngakolunye ingemuva lomkhiqizo ongenisiwe obizayo, amanani asendlini angahle 'afinyelele'.
Akunzima ukuthola ezinye izinto ezingaba nomthelela kulesi simo maduze. Isibonelo, ababikezeli besimo sezulu bathembisa amafrimu anzima wesikhathi eside e-Western Siberia (lapho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inani elikhulu lamazambane liqoshwa ezinsaleleni). Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kungakhuphula izindleko zokugcina nokuhamba kwamazambane. Kungenzeka ukuthi kweminye imindeni ingxenye yomkhiqizo ihlushwe yiqhwa futhi ngokuvamile ishiye imakethe. Kepha lesi ngesinye sezimo. Ukuthi konke kuzokwenzeka kanjani kube ngokoqobo, singacabanga nje.
Ukukhishwa kwamazambane
Ngokusho kwe-FCS, umthamo wokuthengiswa kwamazambane ngo-2018 (okwamanje sinemininingwane kuphela kuze kube uDisemba 2018) wehle ngamaphesenti angama-28% uma uqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule futhi waba yizigidi ezingama- $ 13,9 ngesisindo samathani ayi-132. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukwehla kwakubangelwa ukwehla kwezidingo eziya e-Azerbaijan. Khumbula ukuthi ngesizini edlule iRussia yanciphisa kakhulu inani lokuthengwa kwamazambane okuqala emvelaphi yase-Azerbaijani (i-niche yavalwa ngumkhiqizo waseGibhithe), ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi baseAzerbaijan balahlekelwa futhi benqaba ukuthenga itafula sekwedlule isikhathi saseRussia namazambane wembewu. Kungenzeka ukuthi abanye babo baphoqwa ukusebenzisa ingxenye yesivuno sabo njengembewu yembewu.
Ukugeleza kwamazambane ware kuya e-Ukraine (DNI kanye ne-LPR) kunciphise ngandlela thile, yize kungenzeka kakhulu, ngemuva kokuthola idatha ngoDisemba 2018, umehluko wezinkomba zonyaka we-2017 nowe-2018 uzoba mncane.
Kepha kuyathokozisa ukwazi ukuthi izinkomba ezintsha zokudiliva sezivuliwe: amazambane amaningi etafula asuka eRussia athengiswa eSerbia nase-Iraq lokhu kuwa.
Ngonyaka odlule, inani elikhulu lamazambane enziwe ngembewu laseRussia alethwa e-Uzbekistan. Kuzoba nzima ukubikezela ukuthi kuzokwazi yini ukugcina lesi siteshi sabatshali bezimbewu ezifuywayo ngonyaka omusha. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2018 kutholakale isivuno esikhulu samazambane eKyrgyzstan, abakhiqizi bezolimo bendawo basesimweni esibucayi futhi benza yonke imizamo yokuthengisa imikhiqizo yabo komakhelwane abasondelene nabo. Udaba lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla luyaxazululwa ezingeni likahulumeni, futhi imiphumela yezingxoxo asikaziwa thina.
Kunzima futhi okwamanje ukukhuluma ngethemba lokuthengwa kwez amazambane laseRussia eTajikistan. Kunabantu abafuna ukuthenga imikhiqizo yethu kuleli lizwe, kepha lezi zinkampani zithanda ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zokukhokha ezincishisiwe, futhi kuze kube manje asikaze sikwazi ukuthola ukwesekwa nguhulumeni ngokuya ngeziqinisekiso zezezimali zabakhiqizi basekhaya.
Ukubamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamabhizinisi wokuphaka amazambane. Ikakhulu, iBelaya Dacha isungule izimpahla zemikhiqizo yayo (ama-fries ama-french) kwa-Israyeli, eSaudi Arabia, naseMorocco futhi ayihlele ukuyeka lapho.
Ubhatata wembewu
Ngokusho kwemininingwane ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2019, amasheke ezinto zemikhiqizo yokukhiqizwa kwamanye amazwe enzelwe ukuthunyelwa eRussia awakaqedwa. Abahloli beRosselkhoznadzor bayaqhubeka nokuhlola amabhlogo wembewu yaseJalimane, yamaDashi neyaseFinland. NgoFebhuwari, isampula yokuhlaziywa kwamazambane embewu eFrance izoqala (isicelo sokuqala sokulethwa eRussia - amathani ayi-1000). Ngokusobala, imiphumela izokwaziwa maphakathi noFebhuwari. Kepha namuhla kungashiwo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ngonyaka we-2019 iRussia izokwehlisa inani lokuthengwa kwembewu yamazambane enziwe kwamanye amazwe (ngonyaka owedlule singenise amathani angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-12 zamazambane embewu asuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu). Isizathu esiyinhloko: isomiso, esidale ukwehla kwesivuno phakathi kwabakhiqizi abalulekile. Kukhona imbewu encane emakethe, ama-oda ayo avela emhlabeni wonke, amanani enyuka. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kuze kube manje, izisebenzi eziyimbewu eyenziwe nge-Europe ezitholakalayo ngensimu yezwe lethu ngabamele baseRussia ziye zanikwa izinkontileka ezingama-80-90%, okukhombisa isidingo esidingakalayo sale mikhiqizo emakethe yethu.
Impela, ukuncipha kokuhlinzekwa kwamazambane aseYurophu ngeke kuholele ekushwabeni kwezinto zokutshala; kukhona okunikezwayo okwanele okuvela kubakhiqizi bembewu yasekhaya emakethe namuhla.
Ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, kuzoba nomhlangano waminyaka yonke we-FSBI "State Commission", ozobhekelwa kwezicelo zokufakwa kokufinyelelwe okusha okubhaliwe kwiRejista Yezwe. Kuze kube manje asinalo ulwazi lokuthi zingaphi izinhlobo zokuzala ezifuywayo nezangaphandle ezizonikezwa, kepha sethemba ukuthi abalimi bazosithokozisa ngemikhiqizo emethembisayo, kufaka phakathi, okungenzeka, izinhlobo ezenziwe ngaphansi kohlelo lweFederal Science Science and technical Programme for the Development of Agriculture for 2017- Iminyaka engama-2025.
Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha
Eminye yemicimbi ebalulekile embonini kulo nyaka omusha kuzoba ukwethulwa kwesikhungo sokulungisa amazambane eKRiMM esifundeni saseTyumen. Inkampani izocubungula cishe amathani ezinkulungwane ezingama-30 zamazambane ngonyaka. Ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo - amazambane abunjiwe emaphepheni we-vacuum (umkhiqizo oseqedile) namazambane abolile (umkhiqizo osekulungele ukudliwa) - kuhlelwa ukuthi kuqale ebusika obulandelayo.
Futhi esigabeni sokugcina sokulungiselela isitshalo sokukhiqiza ama-fries ama-french emadolobheni aphansi. Umthamo webhizinisi uzoba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 izinto ezingavuthiwe ngonyaka.
Futhi-ke, umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe weBelaya Dacha noWund West Weston, ohlela ukufinyelela kumthamo ophelele (ukucubungula amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200 amazambane ngonyaka), uyaqhubeka kulo nyaka usuvele.
Isizini entsha
Ngonyaka omusha, kungenzeka ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane aqhubeke ukwehla emakethe, okuthola kunzima ukuhlala “eqhubeka” ezimweni zeminyaka eminingi (unyaka wesine olandelanayo) we-zero, futhi imvamisa engemihle, inzuzo. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhizinisi amakhulu azoqhubeka nokukhulisa amazambane, ikakhulukazi njengoba evulelwa iziteshi ezintsha zokusabalalisa (ukucubungula izitshalo ezifundeni zaseLipetsk naseMoscow). Ngokuthola leli qiniso, akumangazi ukuthi kuqhamuke amanani amakhulu emakethe yamazambane, njengesibonelo, i-Yakhroma Agricultural Holding, ehlanganisa izindawo zeMosagrofood-D LLC neZelenaya Dolina LLC.
Ngokunikwa lezi zinto, i-Potato Union ayibikezeli ukwehla okukhulu endaweni okulinyelwa kuyo amazambane. Kepha sikubheka kungakabi yisikhathi ukukhuluma ngokuvuselelwa okukhulu kwemboni ngamathemba amahle asondele kakhulu entuthuko.