IZINCOMO KANYE OKUBONWAYO
I-Spring-2018 e-Central Russia kanye nesifunda saseVolga yaba yisikhathi eside, isimo sezulu sasibanda cishe ngo-Ephreli wonke, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wokutshala emapulazini amaningi waqala, nakuba wawuncane, kodwa ushiye ngemuva kwemibandela evamile. Noma kunjalo, uMeyi oshisayo wenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuvala isikhathi esilahlekile: ngenxa yalokho, amazambane atshalwe ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia kulo nyaka ngemibandela ye-agrotechnical efanelekile, futhi ngokuzayo, ezindaweni eziningi, umbuso ovumayo wokukhula. nokuthuthukiswa kwesiko kwasala, okwaqinisekisa amahlumela anobungane.
UKWELASHWA NGAPHAMBI KOKUTSHALA
Yini enye ongayisho ngezici zesizini esiqalile? Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubusika buka-2017/18 enkabeni yezwe babufudumele, ngaphandle kweqhwa elijulile lenhlabathi, hhayi iqhwa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi amasimu amazambane esikhathini esizayo esiseduze angase abonakale ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane eziye zasinda ngempumelelo esikhathini esibandayo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zakuqala - ukulimaza sekwephuzile, i-alternaria, njll.
Kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukubonakaliswa (ngakho-ke imiphumela emibi) yabo bobabili ngosizo lwezinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi. Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokutshala imbewu yamazambane ngamalungiselelo ezinambuzane-fungicidal kanye ne-fungicidal. Izinkampani ezinkulu ezivikela izitshalo zinikeza abakhiqizi bezolimo inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo efeza le misebenzi ngempumelelo.
Phakathi kwemikhiqizo edume kakhulu i-Uniform, i-Celeste Top, i-Emesto Quantum, i-Quadris. Ukwelashwa nganoma yimiphi imithi engenhla kule nkathi yamanje kusiza ukuvikela imbewu emhlabathini kanye nokutheleleka kwe-tuberous futhi kuyisihluthulelo sesivuno esihle.
Ake sinikeze izibonelo zangempela. Epulazini elithi "Agroalliance" esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod, eligxile ekukhuleni amazambane embewu, i-Celest Top (0,4 l / t) isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekutshaleni izilimo eziyizigaxa zangaphambi kokutshala kulo nyaka. Enye ibhizinisi lezolimo - "A7 Agro", esifundeni sase-Orenburg, - ekhethwayo ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu yezinto zamazambane Umfaniswano oxutshwe ne-thiamethokam (350 g / l). Kuzo zombili izimo, ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngemuva kokutshala, abalimi baqopha imiphumela emihle kakhulu: ihlanzekile, ngisho nezithombo ezingenawo umkhondo wokutheleleka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukutshala amazambane esifundeni sase-Orenburg kwenziwa endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazambane ku- "A7 Agro" atshalwa ekuniseleni, okubeka izingozi ezengeziwe zokulimala kwezifo ezitshalweni, ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bepulazi basondela ekukhethweni komuthi ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokucophelela.
SEBENZA KUSO
Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, abakhiqizi bezolimo abasebenza ngokulandela uhlelo lokuvikela badalelwe amapulazi abo ngabanye (kucatshangelwa izimo zezulu nezinye izici), njengomthetho, bashintshela ekwelashweni kokutshala ngokulungiswa kokuxhumana. Lokhu kulandelwa ukucutshungulwa ngomkhiqizo wesistimu. Lezi zigaba kufanele zenziwe ngokuqinile ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esinikezwe uhlelo, kucatshangelwa isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko nangaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu zokuqala zesifo.
Ucwaningo oluningi luqinisekisa ukuthi amapulazi asebenza ngokulandela ngokuqinile isikimu sokwelapha esiklanywe kahle (imvamisa okuhlanganisa izigaba eziyisi-7-10) enza kangcono kunalawo anqunyelwe ukwelashwa okubili noma okuthathu ngesizini ngayinye. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uhlelo ngokwalo, ngokuhlukana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo, lapho usebenzisa imbewu esezingeni eliphansi, ngaphandle kokwengeza umsoco wamaminerali, ngeke kulethe umphumela oyifunayo.
Ukulawula ukhula
Ubusika obupholile budale izimo zokubhebhethekisa enye inkinga: isithwathwa esithambile asizange sibangele umonakalo omkhulu kukhula olungapheli noma lonyaka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzoba nokhula oluningi emasimini (ikakhulukazi lapho ukwelashwa okufanele kungazange kwenziwe ekwindla). Kungcono ukuqala ukulwa nabo ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela - usebenzisa ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokuvela ngama-herbicides (lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukubonakaliswa kwe-phytotoxicity).
Uma ukwelashwa kwe-herbicidal kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha amalungiselelo esenzo esithambile.
Uhlu lwemikhiqizo yokulawula ukhula emakethe yaseRussia aluzange lube nezinguquko ezibalulekile kulo nyaka. A novelty ethembisayo inhlabathi izingxenye ezimbili Ukhula Ukhula Artist (ifomu lokulungiselela: amanzi-dispersible granules (WDG) equkethe flufenacet 240 g / kg kanye metribuzin 175 g / kg).
Umuthi kulula ukuwusebenzisa, usebenza ngokumelene ne-bedstraw, i-nightshade emnyama ne-white mari.
Futhi, abakhiqizi bezolimo bangasebenza ngezingxube ezizilungiselele. Ekwelashweni kwe-herbicidal ngaphambi kokuvela, ingxube ye-metribuzin (0,7 l / ha) ne-Boxer (3 l / ha) noma inhlanganisela yakudala ye-metribuzin (0,7 l / ha) ne-rim-sulfuron (50 g / ha) ifanelekile.
Ukwelashwa kwezithombo, amalungiselelo asetshenziswa, uma kunesidingo, ngokunamathela ngokuqinile emithini etuswa abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo.
OKUBONWAYO EKUQALENI KWESIZINI
Esihlokweni esishicilelwe kumagazini ongcolile, sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe izizathu zokuthi kungani amapulazi amaningi athola isivuno esihle kakhulu samazambane ngesizini edlule, naphezu kwezinhlekelele zesimo sezulu (imfihlo yempumelelo, ngiyakukhumbuza, yayisembewu yekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ukunamathela ngokuqinile kubuchwepheshe obukhulayo). Ngokubuka isimo emakethe yemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ekuqaleni kwesizini entsha, angikwazi kodwa ukuphawula ukuthi abalimi abaningi bamazambane abangochwepheshe benze ukuhlaziya okujulile kwamaphutha onyaka odlule futhi benza iziphetho ezifanele.
Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi bezolimo abazange bakhulise inani lemali ekuthengeni imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, kodwa baqala ukunaka kakhulu ukukhethwa kwezidakamizwa, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuvikela izitshalo ezicatshangelwe kahle. Abantu bafuna ukukhiqiza hhayi nje amazambane amaningi, kodwa amazambane amaningi ekhwalithi, futhi ngale ndlela bazowufeza nakanjani umgomo wabo.