Umsebenzi kwezolimo awumi umzuzu owodwa. Umkhankaso wokuhlwanyela ususeduze, futhi abalimi besifunda sebevele belungiselela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ukhula, bethenga izidakamizwa zonyaka ozayo.
Ukukhetha ama-herbicides afanele, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zokhula. Ochwepheshe abavela egatsheni le-Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" e-Krasnoyarsk Territory minyaka yonke benza ucwaningo lwezitshalo ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula - ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zokhula. Ngo-2023, inhlolovo enkulu yezitshalo zokhula yenziwa endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-166,2.
Ngesikhathi sokuqapha, ochwepheshe bahlonze izinhlobo zokhula ezingama-60 (ezivela emaqenjini angu-7 ezinto eziphilayo), ezingu-25 zazo okwakuwukhula oluyinhloko (Ithebula 1). Okuningi kakhulu mayelana nokubunjwa kwezinhlobo yiqembu lokhula olusha (ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ubusika kanye ne-biennial). Ibalelwa ku-65% yenani eliphelele lezinhlobo zokhula, okulandelayo okusabalele: i-oats yasendle, utshani be-bristle, i-hemlock, i-bedstraw eqinile, i-pigweed emhlophe, i-bindweed buckwheat kanye ne-hemp yokhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitshalo ezincane zasentwasahlobo zaziyiqembu lezinto eziphilayo eziningi kakhulu (58%). Isabelo sobusika, ukhula oluhlala njalo kanye nokhula olungapheli endaweni yokhula yaseKrasnoyarsk Territory kwaba ngu-12%, 7% no-19%, ngokulandelana (Umdwebo 1).
Izitshalo zezolimo izitshalo esifundeni zikhula kakhulu ngokwezinga elibuthakathaka ngohlobo oluxubile: i-oat-root shoot-rhizome-root-root (58,2% wendawo ehloliwe), i-oat-root shoot-tap (13,6%), i-oat-root shoot -i-rhizome (10,5%) , i-oat-rhizoma (9,1%), i-oat-rhizome (4,1%), ne-rhizome (3,6%).
Emaqenjini asempumalanga, enkabeni nasentshonalanga ye-Krasnoyarsk Territory, uhlobo lwe-oat-root shoot-rhizome-root-root yasendle lwaludlangile futhi lwafinyelela ku-60%, 80% no-59%, ngokulandelana. Eningizimu yesifunda, uhlobo lwe-oat-root shoot-rhizome yasendle ludlangile, olwabalelwa ku-53% wayo yonke indawo ehloliwe yeqembu. Iqembu elisenyakatho lezifunda libe nohlobo lokuwa kwendle lokuhlasela ku-80% wendawo yeqembu.
Izinhlobo nokwakheka kokhula kunqunywa indawo yemvelo kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo yesifunda futhi kuyahluka ezindaweni ezahlukene zesifunda (Ithebula 1).
Ukungenwa izitshalo zezolimo ngo-2023 ukhula oluvame kakhulu esifundeni ngamaqembu ezifunda
Inombolo p / p | Isihloko ukhula | Inkomo. Ukuvinjwa (KZ) | kuhlanganisa. ngamaqembu ezigodi | ||||
EMpumalanga | Amasenti | Zap-s | INingizimu | Enyakatho | |||
Juvenile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo | |||||||
1 | I-oat yasendle evamile | 2,95 | 2,93 | 2,37 | 3,35 | 0,46 | 0,01 |
2 | UMary White | 1,65 | 0,2 | 2,7 | 2,43 | 0,26 | 0,01 |
3 | Ama-cleavers | 0,66 | 0,77 | 0,17 | 0,79 | - | - |
4 | I-Convolvulus buckwheat | 0,16 | 0,14 | - | 0,23 | - | - |
5 | I-Buckwheat Tatar | 0,08 | - | - | 0,11 | 0,53 | - |
6 | Inkukhu (i-woodlouse) | 0,46 | - | - | 0,88 | - | - |
Intsha ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo | |||||||
7 | I-millet ene-Weedy | 0,68 | - | 1,29 | 0,43 | 6,21 | - |
8 | Inkukhu unyaluthi | 0,48 | 0,09 | 0,12 | 0,42 | 4,56 | - |
9 | I-Bristle (okuluhlaza, okumpunga) | 0,76 | 0,04 | 0,59 | 1,14 | 1,7 | - |
10 | I-Pikulnik (ukusikwa okubili, impepho) | 0,68 | 0,43 | 0,57 | 0,84 | 0,89 | 0,01 |
11 | UShakedwe waphonsa emuva | 0,56 | 0,03 | 0,88 | 0,87 | - | - |
12 | Ukhula lwe-Hemp | 0,43 | 0,22 | 1,93 | 0,24 | - | 0,01 |
13 | I-mallow evamile (i-mallow) | 0,03 | 0,07 | 0,11 | - | - | - |
14 | I-Chamomile officinalis | 0,08 | 0,27 | 0,01 | - | - | - |
15 | I-pikulnik evamile (gills) | 0,09 | 0,12 | - | 0,07 | 0,48 | - |
Ubusika intsha | |||||||
16 | Hemlock stork | 0,66 | 0,37 | 0,39 | 0,94 | 0,33 | - |
Iminyaka emibili | |||||||
17 | I-Velcro ehamba phambili | 0,15 | - | 0,17 | 0,25 | - | - |
Perennial impande amahlumela | |||||||
18 | Insimu tshala ikhava | 0,67 | 0,71 | 0,72 | 0,62 | 0,95 | - |
19 | Hlanyela i-thistle pink | 0,3 | 0,73 | 0,34 | 0,01 | 0,51 | 0,01 |
20 | I-toadflax evamile | 0,19 | 0,28 | - | 0,19 | - | - |
21 | inkambu iboshwe | 0,18 | 0,14 | 0,76 | 0,05 | 0,39 | - |
I-perennial rhizomatous | |||||||
22 | Ukolweni utshwala ezinwabuzelayo | 0,16 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,22 | - | - |
23 | Uphizi wegundane | 0,02 | 0,06 | - | - | - | - |
Perennial rhizomatous ferns kanye horsetails | |||||||
24 | Ihhashi | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,06 | 0,2 | 0,08 | - |
I-Perennial taproot | |||||||
25 | Umhlonyane | 0,06 | 0,06 | 0,04 | 0,07 | - | - |
Izinsiza zokuhlola eziyisisekelo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izindlela ezididiyelwe zokulawula ukhula futhi zenze isisekelo sokuthenga ama-herbicides. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokhula lwamakhemikhali, ukuze kucaciswe ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zokhula, nquma indawo yokwelapha, isikhathi kanye nezinkambiso zokusetshenziswa kwe-herbicide, ochwepheshe baseRosselkhozcenter, kanye nezinsizakalo zezolimo zamapulazi, bazoqhuba ukusebenza. ukuhlola kwezitshalo.