Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokulwa namagciwane amazambane ukuvikelwa kwamakhemikhali kwezitshalo ngosizo lwezibulala-zinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, akuphephile ngokwanele: izibulala-zinambuzane aziqondile, ngokuvamile ziyingozi ezilwaneni nakubantu, futhi zingabangela ukumelana, okuphoqa izitshalo ukuthi zelashwe kaningi.
Ososayensi abavela e-Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences" kanye nochwepheshe baseSiberian Federal University baye bahlakulela amalungiselelo e-fungicidal athatha isikhathi eside ukulwa namagciwane amazambane. Ivikela amazambane ezifweni eziyingozi futhi ikhulise isivuno. Amalungiselelo ama-fungicides afakwe ku-matrix eyonakalisayo ye-biopolymer ehlanganiswe ama-microorganisms axutshwe nofulawa we-birch. Uma selingenile emhlabathini, igobolondo elinjalo liqala ukubola kancane kancane futhi kancane kancane likhulule umuthi. Ukunikezwa kwethamo kuqinisekisa ukwethulwa okuphephile kwemvelo kwama-fungicides emhlabathini, ukuvikela isikhathi eside kwezitshalo kuma-phytopathogens futhi kuqeda isidingo sokuphindaphinda kaningi kokwelashwa. Imiphumela yocwaningo ishicilelwe ku iphephabhuku Pest Management Science.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu zamazambane yizifo ezibangelwa ama-microorganisms kanye nesikhunta. Ngakho-ke, umuthi othuthukisiwe wahlolwa kumagciwane amazambane avame kakhulu futhi ayingozi abangela i-Alternaria, uqweqwe olumnyama kanye nokulimaza sekwephuzile.
Amalungiselelo esikhathi eside acutshungulwa kumazambane atshalwe egumbini lesimo sezulu elabhorethri nasensimini, lapho ayefakwa khona emhlabathini lapho amazambane etshalwa. Ama-fungicides akhombisa umphumela omuhle we-antifungal, ecindezela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakoloni amagciwane ayingozi kakhulu ezifo zamazambane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuholele ekuhlumeni kwangaphambili nasekukhuleni okusebenzayo kwamazambane ngokumelene nesizinda sokuncipha kwendawo yokulimala kwesitshalo. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kunyuse isivuno ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-70%. Abacwaningi baphinde baqaphele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides athuthukisiwe kunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-nitrate kuma-tubers ngo-12%.
“Isenzo sezingxube ezijwayelekile siqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi zifakwe enhlabathini, bese ziba buthaka ngokushesha. Endabeni yama-fungicides athuthukisiwe, kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili ukuthi ukucekelwa phansi okusebenzayo kwesisekelo se-polymer kuqale futhi kukhishwe izinto ezisebenzayo emhlabathini. Ukubhujiswa kancane kancane kwesisekelo se-polymer kunikeza ukukhululwa kwesikhathi eside kwezinto ezisebenzayo kanye nokungena kwazo ezitshalweni, okucindezela ama-phytopathogens phakathi nenkathi yokukhula. Ukusebenza kwamalungiselelo anjalo e-fungicidal kuqhathaniswa namalungiselelo okuhweba, kodwa ngenxa ye-phytotoxicity ephansi, kunomthelela omuhle ekuhlumeni, ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamazambane futhi kwandisa kakhulu isivuno. Amalungiselelo athuthukisiwe awagcini nje ukucindezela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo futhi andise isivuno samazambane, kodwa futhi aqede ukukhishwa okungazelelwe kwezibulala-zinambuzane, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokunisela noma imvula, ngenxa yokukhululwa okuhlosiwe nokuhamba kancane kancane emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafomula asanda kuthuthukiswa anciphisa amazinga okufaka isicelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela sengozini yokusabalala nokunqwabelana kwezibulala-zinambuzane endaweni ephilayo,” kusho u-Evgeny Kiselev, umcwaningi e-Institute of Biophysics of the Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Isayensi Yezobuchwepheshe.