Ochwepheshe benkampani "August", omunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu baseRussia bemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo zamakhemikhali, babala izitshalo eziningi ezinenzuzo enkulu, kanye nezinsongo eziyinhloko ezitshalweni zalezi zitshalo kule nkathi. Okunenzuzo enkulu kakhulu kubalimi namuhla ukutshala okusanhlamvu, ubhekilanga, imbewu ye-rapese, i-flax yamafutha kanye nommbila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokwenza inzuzo awukona ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ezolimo, kodwa ukwandisa umkhiqizo.
Okusanhlamvu. Iminyaka eminingana manje, isimo sezulu kanye nezivuno ezincike kuso zishiye okuningi okufanele zifiswe eYurophu nase-USA. Izikhungo zomhlaba zokukhiqiza okusanhlamvu zinenkinga yokuntuleka kwemvula. Emakethe yomhlaba wonke yokusanhlamvu, kugcinwa intengo ephezulu kanye nesidingo esiqhubekayo - kangangokuthi, ngokwemibandela yokungabi nalutho, lezi zitshalo manje sezidlulele umholi wesikhathi eside ongenambangi - ubhekilanga.
"ERussia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivuno sokusanhlamvu siphezulu kakhulu," kusho uDmitry Belov, inhloko yomnyango wokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo enkampanini ka-August. - Izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zenhlabathi nezimo zezulu zisebenzela thina: ngokwesibonelo, sineRussia Ephakathi futhi, ikakhulukazi, Isifunda Esimaphakathi Somhlaba Omnyama, lapho manje kungekho sici esinqunyelwe somswakama, ngokungafani, ake sithi, izifunda eziseningizimu.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi ngeke kube nezinkinga ngo-2021, nakuba abanye ochwepheshe, kuhlanganise nenkonzo yokuhlaziya yoMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States (USDA), babikezela elinye irekhodi lokuvunwa kukakolweni eRussia. Ngakho-ke, le ntwasahlobo esifundeni saseCentral Chernozem, ngenxa yekwindla eyomile kanye nobusika obumpofu bezitshalo zasebusika, isabelo sezindawo "ezilahlekile" sasiphezulu. Isibonelo, kwamanye amapulazi esifundeni saseVoronezh, amasimu angu-100% kwakudingeka atshalwe kabusha ngezitshalo zasentwasahlobo. Ngenxa yesikhunta seqhwa - isifo sokukhunta esithinta izitshalo entwasahlobo ende - ingxenye yezitshalo zasebusika e-Altai, Udmurtia naseBashkortostan yafa. Isifo esingavamile - i-sclerotinia - sabonakala nase-Udmurtia, eBashkortostan naseMordovia. Uma kubhekwa lesi simo, kungacatshangwa ukuthi amanani kakolweni, rye kanye nebhali ngeke ehle ngo-2021. Phakathi kwezinsongo ezengeziwe, umuntu angabiza izinambuzane ezifana namazeze esinkwa nama-wireworms, futhi ezindaweni eziningi, ngenxa yokwanda okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa lomoya lansuku zonke, izitshalo zihlushwa ukushisa okushisayo.
Ujongilanga. Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezikhona zokulawula amanani embewu kabhekilanga, isalokhu iyisilimo esisezingeni eliphezulu esinamandla amakhulu okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2021, cishe amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-8 alesi sitshalo ayehlelelwe ukuhlwanyela, kodwa lapha kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi izitshalo zasebusika ezifile zaphinde zahlwanyelwa, kuhlanganise nobhekilanga. Umkhuba wokwandisa indawo engaphansi kwawo ngo-2021, ngakho-ke, uyaqhubeka.
Abalimi, abathembisa inzuzo, balwela ukonga ngamandla abo onke - akusiyo ize ukuthi ubhekilanga uthathwa njengesitshalo esihamba phambili ngokwenqubekelaphambili ekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo. “Kodwa-ke izifo ezifana ne-phomosis ne-phomopsis, ezidala i-necrosis yezicubu zezitshalo, i-downy mildew, i-basket rot, i-botrytinosis (i-gray rot) ne-sclerotinia, zingalimaza isivuno kulo nyaka. Yize lokhu kwakamuva kuzifakazele ngokusanhlamvu kwasebusika, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhunta sohlobo lwe-sclerotinia, izitshalo ezisingatha ubhekilanga, i-rapeseed, nobhontshisi wesoya, futhi ukwakheka okuhambisanayo kokujikeleza kwezitshalo kunomthelela ekwandeni kwezigameko ze-sclerotinia ezitshalweni. , ”kusho uDmitry Belov.
Ukudlwengula. E-Russia, isiko lokudla amafutha e-rapeseed ngokudla akuthuthukisiwe, ngokungafani naseYurophu. Futhi, zonke izinhlobo zamafutha emifino zithengwa ngokuzithandela yi-China. Isidingo sikawoyela we-rapeseed sisakhula ngenxa yokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-biodiesel emhlabeni jikelele, njengempahla eluhlaza, i-rapeseed iyadingeka ekwenzeni uwoyela wezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinto zokugcoba, ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali asekhaya namakha. Konke lokhu kusekela isimo se-rapeseed njengembewu yamafutha ene-margin ephezulu. E-Russia, i-rapeseed yasebusika isakazeka kabanzi ukusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho, lapho kunomswakama owengeziwe, kufaka phakathi ekwindla, futhi, ngokufanele, ingozi yokweqa ngokweqile kwezitshalo iphansi. Izindawo ezingaphansi kwezitshalo ze-spring rapeseed nazo zivame ukwanda eminyakeni yamuva nje.
"Kodwa-ke, kulo nyaka isivuno se-rapeseed, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuguquguquka kokukhula endaweni yezitshalo zayo, kuwumbuzo omkhulu. Ezifundeni eziningana, lapho ekuqaleni kwakukhona umswakama owanele ngenxa yokuwa kweqhwa, amasimu nokho omile ngokushesha kakhulu: iqhwa, njengoba besho, laphenduka "elingenalutho". Ngokuvamile, izimo zezulu zingathathwa njengengozi enkulu yokudlwengulwa ngo-2021,” kukholelwa uDmitry Belov.
Imbewu yefilakisi. Ngo-2020, ukunyuka okusheshayo kwentengo yokuthengwa kwembewu yalesi sitshalo kwamangaza abakhiqizi. I-Oilseed flax esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ingase ibonakale iyimbangi ye-rapeseed - okungenani kulawo mazwe lapho izimo zezulu zingakuvumeli ukubala ngesivuno sayo esiphezulu njalo. Uwoyela we-linseed nefilakisi uya ngokuya usetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kokudla emhlabeni wonke, kepha into esemqoka enquma ukukhuphuka kwamanani ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela we-linseed njengento eluhlaza yobuchwepheshe embonini, ikakhulukazi, upende nevanishi.
I-Oilseed flax ihlwanyelwa kusenesikhathi ngokwanele, ayingenwa kalula yizimo zezulu ezimbi, futhi ukuntuleka komswakama akulimazi njengokweqile kwayo. Phakathi kwezifo ezingalimaza isivuno ngo-2021, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa, okokuqala, i-Fusarium wilt kanye ne-flax fall - isifo esenza kakhulu izinga lembewu yalo. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula, iflaksi nayo ingasongelwa kakhulu yi-wireworm.
Ukolweni. Ukuthandwa kwe "Queen of the Fields" kwehlile ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia, noma kunjalo, e-Central Black Earth Region namuhla kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu salesi sitshalo - cishe ama-70 centners per hectare. Ngokuvamile, indawo engaphansi kwezitshalo zayo iyakhula, kuhlanganise ngenxa yesidingo sokuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo esikhundleni sezitshalo zasebusika ezilimele. Amandla wommbila othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aphakeme ngokwedlulele, nawo udingeka kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya, futhi uyisitshalo esibalulekile sokufuywa kwezilwane.
“Mayelana nama-margins, ummbila oswiti, osetshenziselwa ukukhenitha, ugqama ikakhulukazi: unamanani okuthenga aphezulu kakhulu futhi uvame ukutshalwa ngaphansi kwezivumelwano eziphothulwe nabakhiqizi kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, noma yiliphi iphutha lingabiza. Izinto eziyinhloko zokulawula izinambuzane i-cotton bollworm, izibungu zazo ezihlala ezindlebeni, ezidala umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kuzo futhi zibenze zingasebenzi, kanye ne-stem corn borer," kusho uDmitry Belov.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe "ka-August", umsebenzi oyinhloko wabalimi baseRussia namuhla ukukhuphuka kokukhiqiza, hhayi ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, okuye kwalahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwayo. Esivunweni samasentimitha angama-30 ehektheleni ngalinye, cishe izinga elifanayo lezindleko liyadingeka njengesitshalo esingamasentimitha angama-60 ehektheleni ngalinye, nokho, izindleko zesenti lokusanhlamvu esimweni sesibili ziyehla, futhi umkhawulo uyanda. “Uma isivuno siba phezulu, siyanda isidingo somshwalense wezolimo - kusukela ezifweni, ukhula, izinambuzane. Futhi abakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia namuhla basondela "ebuncaneni obunengqondo" bezindleko zokutshala izitshalo: kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka, kodwa kancane akunakwenzeka," kuphetha uDmitry Belov.