Ochwepheshe begatsha laseKrasnoyarsk le-Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" bebesiza abakhiqizi bezolimo besifunda ukuthi banqume isidingo sezitshalo kuma-macro- kanye nama-microelements iminyaka emine besebenzisa ilabhorethri esebenzayo "Aquadonis". Le ndlela iya ngokuya ithandwa, njengoba ukugqoka okuphezulu okufika ngesikhathi kubalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwazo zonke izilimo. Isitokwe samaminerali emhlabathini asanele, futhi ukwethulwa komanyolo odingekayo kusiza ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwezakhi ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ekukhuleni, ekuthuthukisweni, ekuqhakazeni nasekutheleleni izitshalo zezolimo. izitshalo. Ngenxa yezakhi zomzimba, ukumelana kwezitshalo ezifweni ze-bacterial and fungal kuyanda, izakhiwo eziguquguqukayo ezicini ezingezinhle zemvelo (isomiso, ukwanda noma ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa) zanda.
Ngo-2022, ukuxilongwa kwamaqabunga kwenziwa emapulazini angu-27 ezifundeni eziyisikhombisa zesifunda (Karatuzsky, Krasnoturansky, Kuraginsky, Minusinsky, Uzhursky, Sharypovsky, Shushensky) endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-35,04. Izitshalo ezilandelayo zahlolwa: i-rye yasebusika, ukolweni wasebusika nentwasahlobo, ibhali, i-oats, uphizi, i-rapeseed, ummbila, ubhontshisi wesoya, u-buckwheat, i-flax, i-clover, i-sunflower, i-alfalfa. Kulo nyaka wamanje, ingxenye enkulu yamasampula ahlolisisiwe kwakuyizinhlamvu zasentwasahlobo - 56%, i-spring rapeseed - 14% kanye nommbila - 8%.
Njengomphumela wokuxilongwa, kwanqunywa ukuthi yiziphi izakhi ezidingekayo ukuze isitshalo sikhule ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhula kwaso. Izitshalo zokusanhlamvu zasentwasahlobo zithola ukushoda okukhulu kwama-fertilizer amaminerali ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokulima (Fig. 1). Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo zimunca ngaphezu kuka-40% we-nitrogen, kanye ne-phosphorus, enomthelela ekukhuleni kwesistimu yezimpande, ukwakheka kwendlebe enkulu, nokuvuthwa kwangaphambili kwezitshalo. Ngokuntula kwayo, izitshalo zimunca i-nitrogen ne-potassium kakhulu. Isikhathi esibucayi se-phosphorus ne-potassium yisikhathi sokuqala sokukhula, ngokuntula kwabo, isivuno sehla ngo-20-30%. Njengoba isiko likhula, isidingo sezakhi eziyisisekelo siyancipha kancane kancane.
Lezi zifundo zenziwa njengengxenye yokuqapha i-phytosanitary futhi zivumela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesimo sezitshalo. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo, abakhiqizi bezolimo banikezwe izincomo mayelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kwe-foliar.