Ekupheleni kukaDisemba, umagazini i- "Potato System" wahlela i-webinar enikezelwe ezinhlotsheni zamazambane ezithembisayo zanamuhla. I-webinar yayihanjelwe ngabamele izinkampani ezaziwayo zokuzalela nezimbewu ezisebenza emakethe yaseRussia. Inkampani ngayinye itshele izethameli ngezinzuzo nezici zezinhlobo ezimbili kulayini wazo.
Sinqume ukugcina lolu lwazi oluwusizo lwabafundi bethu ngokulushicilela kusayithi njengochungechunge lwezihloko.
Izinto zokugcina kulo mjikelezo zinikezelwe ezinhlotsheni ezivuthwa zakuqala i-KOROLEVA ANNA kanye nokukhethwa kwe-LABELLA I-SOLARIUM... Isipikha: UNatalia Morozova, iNhloko yoMnyango Wamazambane, i-German Seed Alliance.
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I-German Seed Alliance iyibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe lezinkampani ezinkulu ezizalanisa imbewu eJalimane.
Kusukela ngo-2011, i-German Seed Alliance ibimele eRussia izithakazelo zomunye wabasunguli bayo - inkampani ye-Solana, ehlinzeka ngembewu evela eJalimane naseNetherlands (izinhlobo ezingu-25 zokukhethwa kuka-Solana zengezwe kuRejista Yombuso Yezimpumelelo Zokuzalanisa Russian Federation), kanye nokudayisa amazambane akhiqizwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Solana ezinkampanini ezingaphansi nezinkampani ezisebenzisana nazo eRussia.
Njalo ngonyaka inkampani yenza izivivinyo eziningi zedemo ezweni lethu lonke (ngo-2020, kwabekwa iziza ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezifundeni ezingama-30 zamazambane kuphela). Umsebenzi onjalo uvumela umuntu ukuba aqiniseke ngekhono le-varietal, ukuziphatha kwezinhlobonhlobo enhlabathini ehlukahlukene, izimo zezulu kanye ne-agrotechnical.
Isethi ehlukahlukene ibanzi impela, abalimi bamazambane baseRussia bazi kahle ngezinhlobo ezinjenge-BELMONDA, LILLI, RED LADY, RODRIGA, KOROLEVA ANNA, LYUDMILA (yokucutshungulwa kuma-fries ama-French), i-VERDI ne-OPAL (ukukhiqizwa kwama-chips).
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezidumile ze-tableware.
QUEEN ANNA
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyingxenye yeqembu lokuqala lokuvuthwa, isikhathi sokumila: izinsuku ezingama-70-80 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela. KuRejista Yombuso kusukela ngo-2015.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinegama lokuvelela futhi ziyakuthethelela ngokugcwele. Igqama ngokubukeka kwayo kwe-premium, ilungele ukuwasha, ukuhlanza, ukupakishwa. Umbala wekhasi uphuzi, amehlo angaphandle. Ama-Tubers anesimo se-oval side, anezinga eliphezulu lokufana. Umbala we-pulp uphuzi.
Ibonakala ngokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Okuqukethwe isitashi 13-15%.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-tuber (kufika ku-20 ama-pcs. Ihlathi ngalinye), isivuno esiphezulu (isivuno esingu-50-65 t / ha). Ukumaketha: 82-96%. Isisindo se-tuber ethengiswayo, ngokwesilinganiso, sisuka ku-84 kuya ku-140 g.
Ifanele isitoreji sesikhathi eside, ikhwalithi yokugcina enhle kakhulu - cishe i-93%.
Izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo:
Izinhlobonhlobo azidingi ukuhluma kwangaphambili kwembewu; ukushaqeka kwezinga lokushisa kwanele.
Ibonisa imiphumela engcono kakhulu emhlabathini okhanyayo kuya omaphakathi.
Uma umhlabathi ulula, ibanga elikhulu phakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukujula okunconyiwe kokutshala kujule ngo-2-3 cm kunokujwayelekile, nokuphakama kwe-crest okungaba ngu-18-20 cm ukusuka phezulu.
Endaweni yesifunda saseChernozem, ukuvikela ngokumelene ne-rhizoctonia kufanele kwenziwe.
Akunconywa ukudlisa amazambane ezinhlobonhlobo ze-QUEEN ANNA nge-nitrogen, umthamo womanyolo we-nitrogen kufanele wehliswe ngama-20% wejwayelekile.
Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuvuna: amasonto amabili yinkathi encane ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-desiccation, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ukumba kwesilingo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi i-peel yakhiwe ngokugcwele futhi iqiniswe. Futhi, akunconywa ukwenza ukuhlanza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ekushiseni.
Izinhlobonhlobo zivunyelwe ukutshalwa eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, ePhakathi, iVolgo-Vyatka, i-Central Black Earth, iNorth Caucasus, i-Middle Volga, izifunda zaseNtshonalanga neMpumalanga yeSiberia. Kusukela ngo-2021, iklanyelwe isifunda sase-Ural.
Ibanga lesibili ekubuyekezweni kwanamuhla - LABELLA... Ingowesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi esimaphakathi, isikhathi sokumila: izinsuku ezingama-75-85 kusukela ngesikhathi sokumila.
Inokubuka kwe-premium ngenxa yombala wayo obomvu ojulile. Amehlo angaphandle, inyama iphuzi. Idume ngokunambitheka kwayo okuhle kakhulu, okuqukethwe isitashi kungu-15-18%. Ifanele ukuwashwa nokupakishwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zikhiqiza kakhulu (izinkomba ezimaphakathi: kusuka ku-46 kuya ku-60 t / ha). Ukubekwa kwe-Tuber: kusuka ku-14 kuya ku-18. Ukuthengisa: 91-92%. Isisindo se-tuber esithengiswayo: kusuka ku-78 kuya ku-102 g.
Izibonakalisa kahle ekugcinweni kwesikhathi eside, ukugcina ikhwalithi ingu-98%.
Izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo:
Izinhlobonhlobo zilungele ukukhula cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi, ngenxa yokumelana kwayo noqweqwe kanye namabala amnyama, noma kunjalo, enhlabathini ekhanyayo ngezikhathi ezomile, ukuchelela ngesikhathi kuyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe isivuno.
Isici esihlukile sama-tubers yi-peel kabili (okungukuthi, i-peel ene-sub-peel). Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokuzwela okuncane kakhulu ekulimaleni kwemishini, nakuba kusengcono ukuvunwa ngendlela emnene.
Ukuze uthole isivuno sangaphambili, imbewu yalolu hlobo kufanele ihlume.
I-LABELLA ayizweli ku-metribuzin phakathi nokwelashwa kwangemva kokuvela.
Ukuba khona kongqimba lwe-wax kubaluleke kakhulu, ukwelashwa okuthathu kuya kwezine ngama-insecticides kuyadingeka.
Ukuze kukhiqizwe imbewu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale ukugqoka lapho kuvela ama-30% ezithombo, bese uphinda njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7.
Ngokusongelwa kwe-aphid infestation, ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides kuboniswa.
Kunconywa ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi ngokumelene ne-Alternaria. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokumelana okuphakathi kokubola sekwephuzile (amaphuzu angu-5 kwangu-9), ngakho-ke udinga ukunaka izindlela zokwelapha ngokumelene nokulimaza sekwephuzile.
Ukuze kubonakale ngokugcwele amandla ezinhlobonhlobo, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukujiyisa ukutshala (uma kukhule ngezinhloso zetafula) futhi basebenze ngokucophelela nge-nitrogen. Isilinganiso semithamo esetshenzisiwe ye-nitrogen ne-potassium (1: 2) ibaluleke kakhulu. Ungayidluli nge-nitrogen ukuze ugweme imiphumela yokuqhekeka nokubukeka kokungenalutho.
Izinhlobonhlobo zibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ezindaweni ezimaphakathi, eNyakatho Caucasian, eMiddle Volga nase-Ural.