Association «I-Soyuzstarch» yethule imiphumela yomkhakha ka-2022. Imboni yokucubungula okusanhlamvu iyaqhubeka nokukhula kancane kodwa kancane. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi esishintshiwe kanye ne-maltodextrin kwanda kakhulu - ukushintshwa kokungenisa kwamanye amazwe kwenzeka kulezi zigaba zomkhiqizo. Ngo-2022, ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezindleko zezokuthutha, inkimbinkimbi yokuthengiselana kwezezimali kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa, kokubili ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwenani lemikhiqizo evela embonini yokucubungula okujulile okusanhlamvu kwehle kakhulu. Iziphathimandla zikahulumeni zenze izindlela ezehlukene zokusekela imboni; izindlela zokusekela sezikhona futhi zisetshenziswa izinkampani.
I-Association of Advanced Grain Processing Enterprises igqamisa inani lemicimbi ebalulekile embonini ngo-2022. Ngonyaka odlule, izinkampani zabhekana nezinselelo ezintsha: ukusungula amaketanga amasha okuhlinzeka ngemishini, izakhi, ama-enzyme nama-reagents. Futhi, izinkampani embonini zazama ukukhulisa umthamo, ukwandisa umkhiqizo womkhiqizo, futhi esikhundleni sezigaba ezithile zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Sekukonke, u-2022 uphele ngokuguquguquka okuhle embonini.
Imboni yaseRussia ejulile yokucubungula okusanhlamvu icubungula cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2,5 okusanhlamvu futhi ikhiqiza amathani angaba ngu-1 wemikhiqizo eqediwe. Le mboni yaseRussia isalokhu iyi-niche, kodwa inalo lonke ithuba lokuthuthukisa, ukwethula amabhizinisi amasha, imigqa yokukhiqiza nokufaka izimakethe ezintsha zokuthekelisa. Amaphrojekthi amaningana amakhulu asathuthukiswa.
Imboni yokucubungula okusanhlamvu okujulile isekelwa ngenkuthalo nguhulumeni. Isibonelo, abakhiqizi besitashi banikezwa imali mboleko yokutshala imali lapho bedala noma benza amabhizinisi abesimanje kanye nezimali mboleko ezikhethwayo zokuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze zicutshungulwe ngokulandelayo. Kukhona nesilinganiso sokubuyisela izindleko zezokuthutha lapho kuthunyelwa imikhiqizo ngaphandle, ukubuyisela izindleko lapho izinkampani zibamba iqhaza emicimbini yombukiso nezinye izinyathelo zokusekela.
Izinhlinzeko ezintsha ze-Federal Law "On Grain" seziqalile ukusebenza, ngokusho ukuthi i-FSIS "Grain" ithuthukiswe. Ngo-2022, ukubika ohlelweni lwabaprosesa kwakungokuzithandela, kodwa cishe zonke izinkampani embonini zaqala ukusebenza ohlelweni lokulandela umkhondo. Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Mashi 2023, ukuhlinzekwa kolwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo yokucubungula okusanhlamvu ohlelweni sekuyimpoqo.
Ngokucabangela izinyathelo zokusekelwa kombuso, eminyakeni yamuva imboni ibonise ukukhula okuphawulekayo kumthamo wemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo (Ithebula 1), ngakho-ke kukhona ukwehla okuhlelekile kokuthembela ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe kwenani lemikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu elingeziwe ( Ithebula 2), ukunwetshwa komugqa womkhiqizo, kanye nethuba lokungena ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe ezintsha (Ithebula 3).
Amandla emboni unyaka nonyaka akhombisa ukukhula kancane kodwa okuzinzile. Ngokwezilinganiso ze-Rosstat ne-Association, ngo-2022 sibona ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu (39%) ekukhiqizeni isitashi esishintshiwe, okubangelwa isidingo sokushintsha ama-analogue angenisiwe kanye nokushintshwa kwabathengi emikhiqizweni yasekhaya - kulo nyaka ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. izinhlobo zokuguqulwa kokudla kwesitashi zaba amathani angama-94.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-amino acid lysine, ekhiqizwa eRussia ngamabhizinisi amabili, kukhuphuke ngo-22% phakathi nonyaka. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwe-L-lysine sulfate yasekhaya kwaba amathani ayi-142.
Eminye imikhiqizo enesitashi ikhombise ukukhula ngo-1% kuya ku-10% (Ithebula 1). Ukukhiqizwa kwe-dextrins kwehle ngo-72%, kodwa lo mkhiqizo uthatha ingxenye encane embonini.
Ithebula 1 - Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yesitashi nesitashi, amathani
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | I-Dynamics 2022 kuya ku-2021, % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Izitashi, ngaphandle kokushintshiwe (zomdabu) | 294 654 | 324 914 | 354 032 | 374 812 | 6 |
Ama-dextrins | 8 165 | 9 526 | 10 5324 | 2 939 | -72 |
Izitashi ezishintshiwe | 58 804 | 61 103 | 68 006 | 94 355 | 39 |
I-Glucose-fructose syrups | 152 504 | 200 625 | 260 002 | 278 190 | 7 |
Maltodextrin | 19 131 | 20 073 | 49 773 | 54 960 | 10 |
Isiraphu yesitashi (ama-glucose syrups) | 466 648 | 467 235 | 476 940 | 494 103 | 1 |
Lysine | 80 000 | 90 000 | 117 000 | 142 729 | 22 |
Ngokusho kweFederal Customs Service, ukungeniswa kwesitashi nokuphuma kwaso kwehlile kulo nyaka emikhiqizweni eminingi emikhulu. Okuhlukile kwakuyi-lysine ngezinhlobo ezimbili (i-sulfate ne-monohydrochloride), ukungeniswa kwayo kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke ngo-37%, okuye kwagqugquzelwa ukwehliswa kwentela yempahla evela kwamanye amazwe (Ithebula 2).
Ukwehla okukhulu kakhulu ngo-2022 kuya ku-2021 kwenzeka esigabeni sesiraphu yesitashi (ama-glucose syrups) - izikhathi ezingu-109. Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwe-maltodextrin kwehle ngo-71%, ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwe-dextrins kwehle ngo-59%, isitashi esishintshiwe ngo-46%, isitashi somdabu singeniswa ngaphandle ngo-24% kanye namasyrups e-glucose-fructose ngo-4%, ngokulandelana, ngaphansi.
Ithebula 2 - Ukungenisa imikhiqizo yesitashi nesitashi, amathani
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | I-Dynamics 2022 kuya ku-2021, % | |
Izitashi, ngaphandle kokushintshiwe (zomdabu) | 22 363 | 24 574 | 40 225 | 32 341 | -24 |
Izitashi ezishintshiwe | 95 958 | 94 656 | 103 541 | 71 076 | -46 |
I-Glucose-fructose syrups | 422 | 257 | 5 467 | 5 261 | -4 |
Ama-dextrins | 1 079 | 889 | 1 489 | 938 | -59 |
Maltodextrin | 14 625 | 10 038 | 5 740 | 3 359 | -71 |
Isiraphu yesitashi (ama-glucose syrups) | 4 082 | 794 | 8 320 | 76 | -10 847 |
Lysine | 60 834 | 53 352 | 43 130 | 68 783 | 37 |
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemikhiqizo enenani eliphakeme ngo-2022 nakho kwehle kakhulu emikhiqizweni eyinhloko, ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kabusha kwemakethe kanye nokushintshwa kwesidingo emakethe yasekhaya.
Ukwehla okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngama-542% kubonakala ekuthunyelweni kwe-lysine - izinkulungwane ezingama-7 ngo-442. Lokhu kungenxa yokuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwe-lysine ngaphandle kwaseRussia, okwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-2022.
Kwezinye izigaba, ukwehla okukhulu ngo-2022 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021 kwenzeka kumasiraphu e-glucose-fructose, lapho athunyelwa ngaphandle angama-273% ngaphansi - amathani angama-394. Kukhona isiraphu yesitashi engaphansi ngo-226% - amathani angu-7, isitashi esishintshiwe kancane ngo-442%, i-maltodextrin engaphansi ngo-61%. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-dextrins kukhuphuke ngo-8% (Ithebula 90).
Imakethe yokuthekelisa yokulethwa kwemikhiqizo ihluke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ecutshungulwe kakhulu kugxile kakhulu emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Amasyrups eglucose asesimweni esiwuketshezi athunyelwa eTurkmenistan nase-Uzbekistan. Umthamo omkhulu we-glucose syrups omile uthunyelwa e-Lebanon nase-Jordan. Izimakethe zokuthengisa ze-Maltodextrin zifaka amazwe angaphezu kuka-40, okuhlanganisa i-Cote d'Ivoire, iNingizimu Afrika, i-UAE, i-Chile, i-Egypt, i-Colombia, iGhana, iTurkey, i-Dominican Republic. Isitashi esishintshiwe se-Cationic siya eMongolia, e-Azerbaijan, e-Uzbekistan naseTajikistan. Izitashi ezishintshiwe, ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amakhadibhodi anothayela nasekukhiqizeni uwoyela, zithunyelwa e-Iraq, eGeorgia, e-Uzbekistan, eTurkey, eTajikistan naseTurkmenistan.
Ithebula 3 - Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemikhiqizo yesitashi nesitashi, amathani
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | I-Dynamics 2022 kuya ku-2021, % | |
Izitashi, ngaphandle kokushintshiwe (zomdabu) | 29 279 | 26 257 | 48 814 | 38 366 | -27 |
Izitashi ezishintshiwe | 7 151 | 7 484 | 8 142 | 5 072 | -61 |
I-Glucose-fructose syrups | 852 | 334 | 1 470 | 394 | -273 |
Ama-dextrins | 461 | 461 | 166 | 1 705 | 90 |
Maltodextrin | 981 | 1235 | 13 536 | 12 577 | -8 |
Isiraphu yesitashi (ama-glucose syrups) | 19 834 | 33 764 | 24 250 | 7 442 | -226 |
Lysine | 1 652 | 736 | 616 | 96 | -542 |
Namuhla, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza isitashi sokusanhlamvu eRussia ngokwesiko zihlala ummbila nokolweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yesitashi sombila ithatha isabelo esikhulu kunawo wonke kumthamo ophelele osetshenziswayo, kokubili ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo nangokwemali.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi sombila kunyukile uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, ngamathani angu-2022 akhiqizwa ngo-316. Ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kwaba amathani angu-599, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwaba amathani angu-5. Isitashi sombila sihlinzekwa e-Colombia, e-Cote D'Ivoire, e-Ecuador nakwamanye amazwe (Umdwebo 262).
Umdwebo 1 - isitashi sommbila, amathani
Ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi samazambane kwahlala kusezingeni elifanayo - amathani ayi-11 ngo-131 uma kuqhathaniswa namathani ayi-2022 ngo-11. Ukungeniswa kwezitashi zamazambane kwehle kancane - kwafinyelela kumathani ayi-483 2021 uma kuqhathaniswa namathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-10500 ngo-2021. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwehle kakhulu - kuya kumathani angama-4800 ngonyaka (Umdwebo 2020).
Umdwebo 3 - Isitashi samazambane, amathani