Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1 kuya kuDisemba 20, 2020, ukuthunyelwa kwamazambane aseRussia kukhuphuke ngo-29% kuya kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-415 *. Ngokwezimali, umthamo wezimpahla ukhuphuke ngo-37% kuya ku-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-49. Cishe u-28% yenani lawela kumazambane embewu, okusele - amazambane etafula namazambane okucutshungulwa.
Ngokusho kwe-Federal Customs Service, uhlu lwamazwe angenayo kulo nyaka lukhule lwafinyelela ku-26 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-16 ngo-2019, kodwa abathengi abakhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa kusengamazwe angomakhelwane.
Ngakho-ke, amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-174 athunyelwa e-Ukraine, okuyi-11% ngaphezulu kwenkathi efanayo ngo-2019, ebiza u-$ 16 million (+ 16%). I-Turkmenistan ithathe indawo yesibili kulo nyaka, njengoba i-2020 ibithuthukisa amazambane ayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izwe lithenge eRussia amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-34 amazambane nge $ 11 million, kanti isibalo esifanayo ngonyaka odlule sasingamathani angu-308 nge-$ 90.
I-Uzbekistan nayo yanda kakhulu izimpahla: ngokwemibandela yenani, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuleli zwe kwanda izikhathi ezingu-11 kuya ku-8,2 million dollar, ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo - izikhathi ezingu-50 kuya kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-83. Abangenisi abaphezulu abahlanu bahlanganisa i-Azerbaijan, umthengi wesibili wamazambane embewu yaseRussia ngemuva kweTurkmenistan, neMoldova.
Ukukhula kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kungenxa yezizathu eziningi, u-Aleksey Krasilnikov, umqondisi omkhulu wePotato Union, utshele i-Agroexport. “I-Ukraine, umthengi omkhulu wamazambane aseRussia, ithole isivuno esibi ngonyaka odlule, okubangele ukuthi ukuthengwa kwezwe kwehle kakhulu. Siphinde sibone ukukhula okuqinile okuvela e-Uzbekistan nase-Azerbaijan, lapho kokubili amazambane etafula kanye nembewu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesivuno esihle saseRussia ngo-2019, izimpahla zanda zaya emazweni anjengeMoldova neSerbia, lapho umkhiqizo waseRussia waba nokuncintisana kakhulu. Banambitha amazambane ethu lapho, ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi lezi ziteshi zizogcinwa eminyakeni ezayo, ”kusho uKrasilnikov.
Ngaphezu kwamazambane, ngo-2020 iRussia yanikezela ezimakethe zamazwe acishe abe ngu-50 cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 wemikhiqizo yokucubungula amazambane ebiza u- $ 101 wezigidi. **. Kubandakanya amazambane aphekiwe angaqandisiwe (ama-chips, ukudla okulula, amazambane agayiwe omisiwe, njll.), amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-11 (+ 2019%) abiza u- $ 32 wezigidi (+ 16%) athunyelwa, amazambane acutshungulwe eqandisiwe (amafrimu aseFrance, njll.) - 85 , Amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisi-15 (+ 5,7%) ngamadola ayizigidi ezingu-10 (-4,9%), ama-flakes amazambane - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5,6 (-8,2%) abiza amadola ayizigidi ezingu-2,6 (- 8,9%), isitashi samazambane - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-9,3 (+ 3,7%) ngenani lama-USD 8,2 wezigidi (-2,2%).
Imakethe yomhlaba
Ngokusho kwe-FAO, isivuno samazambane emhlabeni wonke ngo-2018 sasingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-368. Abakhiqizi bayo abakhulu kunabo bonke kwakuyiShayina (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-90), i-India (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-49) kanye ne-Ukraine (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-22,5). Ezibalweni zenhlangano, iRussia isendaweni yesi-4 ngenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza lamathani ayizigidi ezingama-22,4, kucatshangelwa amakhaya.
Ngo-2019, imakethe yamazambane yomhlaba ikhuphuke yafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-371 futhi ngokwenani yafinyelela ku- $ 140,5 billion, izilinganiso ze-IndexBox. Kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2019, umthamo wezimakethe zomhlaba ukhule ngesilinganiso sonyaka esingama-3% futhi amandla okushintshashintsha okuhle kulindeleke ukuthi aqhubeke kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo.
Ngokusho kwe-ITC Trade Map, ukuthengiswa kwamazambane omhlaba ngo-2010-2019 kukhuphuke ngo-57% kuya ku-$ 5,2 billion. 14%), nangaphandle kwayo - i-USA (8,3%) kanye neGreat Britain (6,7%). Abathengisi bangaphandle abahamba phambili yiNetherlands (4,2%), France (2,8%), Germany (20%).
Ukungeniswa komhlaba wonke kwemikhiqizo yamazambane asetshenziwe kuphezulu kakhulu: ngo-2019 bafinyelele ku-$ 11,9 billion, bakhuphuke ngo-10% kule minyaka eyi-65 edlule. Phakathi kwabangenisa kwamanye amazwe abaholi bekukhona i-USA (12%), iGreat Britain (7,7%), iFrance (7,4%), abahwebi - iBelgium (23%), iNetherlands (21%) kanye ne-USA (14%). Cishe i-66% yemikhiqizo yamazambane engenisiwe emhlabeni ibalwa amazambane agayiwe (ikakhulukazi amafrimu aseFrance), 20% - imikhiqizo yamazambane angaqandisiwe, 7,2% - isitashi, 5,2% - ama-flakes, 1,5% - ufulawa wamazambane kanye nempushana.
Amathemba eRussia
Ngesizini ka-2020/21 (Juni-Meyi), ukuthunyelwa kwe-Russian kwamanye amazwe kungase kuthinteke kabi ngokuncipha kwesivuno esiphelele samazambane eRussia. "Indawo yokuvuna ngo-2020 yehle ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20, futhi isivuno esikhulu singase sibe ngaphansi kwezinga langonyaka odlule, lapho, ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-7,6 ambiwe emkhakheni wezimpahla," kusho uKrasilnikov.
I-Russia inamandla amakhulu okwandisa izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, u-Krasilnikov uqinisekile. "ECaucasus, e-Uzbekistan, eTajikistan, eKyrgyzstan, kancane kancane bashintshela ekuthengeni kokubili imbewu namazambane etafula avela emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi baye emikhiqizweni yaseRussia, futhi izikhundla zethu lapho zikhula kancane kancane. Ngenxa yesinqumo sokwandisa indawo ngaphansi kwamazambane, iTurkmenistan eminyakeni ezayo izophinde ihlale iyisiteshi sokuthengisa esikhulayo, ikakhulukazi amazambane embewu, "ukuhlola kukaKrasilnikov.
Kukhona futhi amandla aphezulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo yokucubungula amazambane ezimakethe zangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, uLam Weston Belaya Dacha, umkhiqizi omkhulu waseRussia wamafrimu aseFrance, ucabangela ukuthi kungenzeka ukwakha umugqa wesibili wokukhiqiza esifundeni saseLipetsk, futhi ukuthekelisa kuyoba enye yeziteshi eziyinhloko zokuthengisa zevolumu eyengeziwe, i-Krasilnikov iqinisekile. "Sekuvele kube khona izinto eziya kwa-Israyeli, eNyakatho Afrika, eYurophu Ephakathi, okubonisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yaseRussia iyadingeka emakethe yangaphandle," wagcizelela. Esikhathini esizayo, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwama-chips nama-flakes amazambane nakho kulindeleke. “Ukugaywa kwamazambane abe ama-flakes nama-chips kuyadlondlobala. Kakade manje, ama-flakes athunyelwa esuka eChina aya eLatin America, inzuzo yalo mzila wokucubungula izidingo eziphansi zezinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nempilo yeshalofu ende, "kwengeza u-Krasilnikov.
* idatha ye-EAEU yangoJanuwari-Okthoba
** Amakhodi we-TN VED 110510, 110520, 110813, 200410, 200520