Njalo ngonyaka, ochwepheshe abavela egatsheni le-Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" eKrasnoyarsk Territory baqapha ukwakheka kwezinhlobo nezici zokwakheka kokhula lwezitshalo zezolimo. izindawo zesifunda. Lezi zinhlolovo ziyisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwezinyathelo zokuvikela ukhula.
Inhlolovo yokusebenza ikuvumela ukuthi ucacise ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, ubuningi kanye nezigaba zokukhula kokhula endaweni ethile. Idatha etholiwe isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa isibikezelo sokusebenza, ngosizo lapho abalimi bengakwazi ukulungisa izindawo okufanele zilinywe, uhlobo lokucutshungulwa kanye nomthamo walo. Ngo-2022, ongoti baseRosselkhozcenter, kanye nezazi zezolimo namahlathi, ngokushesha benza inhlolovo yamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-920,7. Ngokusho kwedatha yesikhathi eside, kusuka ku-70 kuya ku-110 izinhlobo zokhula zamaqembu e-biological 8 zithuthuka emasimini esifunda (Fig. 1).
Ucwaningo oluyinhloko lwenziwa ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwenqwaba yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokhula. Idatha etholiwe isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinyathelo ezibanzi zokulawula ukhula, ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwazo, futhi idatha iyisisekelo sokulungiswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula yonyaka ozayo. Ochwepheshe baseRosselkhoztsentr benza ukubalwa okuyinhloko kwamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-135,7.
Emasimini ezolimo e-Krasnoyarsk Territory, njengenjwayelo, ukhula olusha (entwasahlobo nasekupheleni, ubusika kanye ne-biennial) lubuse - 68% yenani lokhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitshalo zasentwasahlobo zentsha zaziyiqembu lezinto eziphilayo eziningi kakhulu (50%). Ingxenye yokhula ebusika, iminyaka emibili kanye nokhula olungapheli endaweni yokhula esifundeni yayiyi-12%, 6% kanye nama-32%, ngokulandelanayo (Fig. 1)
Izitshalo zekhasi - x. izitshalo zesifunda zihlaselwe ikakhulukazi uhlobo oluxubile: uhlobo lwe-oat-root-shoot-rhizome-root lwabonwa ku-38% wendawo ehloliwe, i-oat-root-shoot-rhizome - ku-21%, i-oat-root- ihlumela-izimpande - ku-31%, i-oat-root-shoot-root - ku-5 % nezinye izinhlobo (i-oat, i-rhizomatous, i-rhizomatous ne-rhizomatous-rhizomatous) - ngo-5% (Fig. 2).
Emaqenjini amaphakathi nasentshonalanga ye-Krasnoyarsk Territory, uhlobo lwe-oat-root shoot-rhizome-root tap ludlangile futhi lubalelwa ku-61% no-48%, ngokulandelana. Entshonalanga naseningizimu yesifunda, uhlobo lokhula lwe-oat-root lwaludlangile, olubalelwa ku-40% no-60% wayo yonke indawo ehloliwe yamaqembu.
Ngo-2022, ukhula oluyinhloko lumelwe yizinhlobo ezingama-24:
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo yonyaka - i-oats yasendle evamile, i-gauze emhlophe, i-bedstraw eqinile, i-buckwheat eboshwe, i-buckwheat yesiTatar, i-panicle-bearing buckwheat (indilinga);
- Izitshalo zonyaka zasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - i-millet yokhula, i-chicken millet, i-foxtail (eluhlaza, empunga), i-pikulnik (i-double-cut, impepho), i-amaranth evuliwe, i-hemp yokhula, i-chamomile yokwelapha;
- Ubusika bonyaka - i-cicutus stork, i-violet (insimu, i-tricolor);
- I-Biennial - i-Velcro ehamba phambili;
- Amahlumela ezimpande ezingapheli - insimu yokuhlwanyela thistle, i-pink sow thistle, i-toadflax evamile, insimu eboshwe;
- Ama-rhizomes angapheli - utshani bokulala, uphizi wegundane;
- Perennial rhizomatous horsetails - field horsetail;
- I-perennial root rod - i-dandelion officinalis.
Ukuze uthole izincomo mayelana nokuhlela nokwenza izinyathelo zokuvikela, sicela uthinte iminyango yesifunda (yezifunda) noma umnyango wokuvikela izitshalo wegatsha laseRosselkhozcenter eKrasnoyarsk Territory.