Ngo-2020, ngenxa yokuvalwa kwemingcele kanye nokwethulwa kokuvinjelwa kokungena kwabantu bakwamanye amazwe, amabhizinisi amaningi ezolimo aseRussia abhekana nokushoda okukhulu kwabasebenzi. Njengoba ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi sonyaka kubonisiwe, esikhathini esidlule isimo embonini siye saba sibi kakhulu, futhi kusamele sihlole isilinganiso esigcwele semiphumela ekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho kuqala ukuvuna.
Ngokusho kwabalimi abaningi, ngeke kube khona lutho oluzoqoqwa.
Njengoba inhloko yepulazi leVolga-Agromashimport Volgograd u-Yuri Lemyakin ephawula, abakhiqizi bezolimo besifunda baqala ukukhuluma ngale nkinga esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wasentwasahlobo. Ngemva kokuqedwa kokuhlanza, ingxenye ebalulekile yabafuduki yahamba yaya ezweni lakubo, nemibuzo: ukuthi bangabuya yini futhi uma bekwazi, kuzokwenzeka nini, yahlala ingaphendulwanga. Indlela yokuthenga imbewu ezimweni ezinjalo?
- Eminyakeni eyedlule, abafuduki abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-12 basebenza esifundeni saseVolgograd (futhi ngezinga elikhulu ezindaweni ezintathu ezikhulayo zemifino: Gorodishchensky, Sredneakhtubinsky, Svetloyarsky). Ngonyaka odlule, ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwezinyathelo zokuvalelwa yedwa, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezi-3-3,5 bakwazi ukusivakashela. Isikhathi sonyaka siphenduke saba nzima, izindleko zesisebenzi ngasinye, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, izindleko zokuhlanza zonke zikhuphuke kakhulu. Kulo nyaka, uma abantu abayinkulungwane besisebenzela, kuhle lokho. Futhi ehlobo kuzoba nokuncane kakhulu: labo abangakwazi noma abangenaso isikhathi sokuvuselela imvume yabo yokusebenza kuze kube nguJuni 15 (ngokuhambisana neSimemezelo sikaMongameli weRussian Federation ka-December 15, 2020 No. 791) bazohamba. . Ngeke kube khona osebenzayo.
Abalimi bemifino baphendukela kuzo zonke iziphathimandla ezingenzeka futhi bahlela ukufeza zonke izidingo ezidingekayo zeziphathimandla. Nokho, babengakalungeli izimo ezithile.
“Sekuphele cishe iminyaka engu-18 ngibhekana namaphepha okungena kwabokufika., - kusho u-Yuri Lemyakin, - futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi akukaze kube nonyaka ukuthi imithetho yokungena yenziwe lula noma okungenani ihlale ingashintshiwe.
Kulo nyaka, siqale safaka izicelo zezinyanga ezimbili, saqoqa futhi sanikeza imininingwane ehlukahlukene, sayifaka kumasayithi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye zezidingo zaqedwa, njengoba ekusebenzeni kwabonakala kungenakwenzeka.
Kwabe sekungena ulwazi olusha: izinkampani ezinkulu kuphela ezinezisebenzi zesikhathi esigcwele okungenani ze-250 kanye nama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zenzuzo yonyaka zizokwazi ukuheha abafuduki ukuba basebenze. Awekho nje amapulazi aleli zinga esifundeni sethu sombuso.
Manje kwaziwa ukuthi abafuduki bangawela umngcele kuphela ngendiza, izwe elibambile liyakhokhela uhambo, futhi lokhu kubiza kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuphelelwa ithemba, amanye amabhizinisi ezolimo aqasha umsebenzi oyedwa, ababili noma abahlanu, kodwa akekho oletha abantu ngenani elidingekayo.
Ngabe umsebenzi ovela e-Uzbekistan uzobiza malini?
“Ngokusemthethweni ithikithi lendiza libiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-37., - kusho uchwepheshe wethu. - Kodwa akusebenzi: ngemva kokugcwalisa idatha, umlayezo uvela kusayithi ukuthi lo muntu akanayo imvume yokungena. Kodwa ukuthenga ithikithi ku-Uzbek intermediary firm - kumuntu ofanayo, indiza efanayo, kodwa ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100. - kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ukulungiswa kwemibhalo edingekayo kubiza cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50. Futhi lezi yizindleko eziqondile kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emasontweni amabili okuqala, isivakashi kufanele sibe ngaphansi kokubhekwa, khona-ke amanye amasonto amathathu azothatha ukuthola ilungelo lobunikazi. Sonke lesi sikhathi umuntu uzodinga ukuphakelwa. Engeza kulokhu iholo, bese izindleko zohambo lokubuya. "
Futhi akuzona zonke izindleko.
«Thatha, isibonelo, udaba lokukhokhwa kwamaholo, - kuchaza uYuri Lemyakin... - Kubasebenzi abanesakhamuzi saseRussia, ipulazi elincane (lapho ngokuvamile kungabikho i-accountant nhlobo) lingakhokha iholo ngokheshi ngokusho kwesitatimende. Futhi kwabafudukayo, izimali kufanele zidluliselwe ekhadini lasebhange. (Ngaphansi komthetho wokushintshaniswa kwemali yakwamanye amazwe, izinkampani zaseRussia nosomabhizinisi ngabanye baqashelwa njengezakhamuzi, futhi abantu bangaphandle abangenayo imvume yokuhlala baqashelwa njengabangezona izakhamuzi.Inkokhelo yisakhamuzi esivuna umuntu ongeyena umhlali wanoma yimaphi amanani e-ruble, okuhlanganisa amaholo, kuthathwa njengokuthengiselana ngokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe, ukukhokhelwa okufanele kwenziwe ngendlela engeyona imali - ngama-akhawunti asebhange anamabhange agunyaziwe. - kusuka ku-ed.)
Kodwa ukuvula ikhadi futhi kuyinkinga: kufanele uhambe nesisebenzi (njengomthetho, ongakhulumi isiRashiya) ebhange, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, ukuhumusha ipasipoti yakhe ngesiRashiya ... entwasahlobo sathola izaziso zentela. iminyaka emithathu yokugcina ngesikhathi esisodwa: izinhlawulo ngenani elingu-100% yenani elikhokhiwe. Kwabanye, inani "lokujeziswa" lifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-20.
Kulo nyaka, amapulazi amaningi esifundeni sethu, abeheha abantu bokufika ukuthi basebenze, bathole isaziso senhlawulo.
“Angikushiyi ngaphandle ukuthi isitimela sizohamba ehlobo, amathikithi azobiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. - wengeza u-Yuri. - Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ngizothatha abanye abantu abayisihlanu noma abayisikhombisa endlini yami. Kodwa ngokuvamile, lesi sinyathelo ngeke sisize izwe nganoma iyiphi indlela, sekwephuze kakhulu ukwenza okuthile ”.
Sekwephuzile, ngenxa yokuthi ukutshala kwase kuphelile, kwakungenzima ukubikezela imiphumela yako: ngokusho kukaRusprodsoyuz, ukuthengiswa kwembewu ngobusuku bangaphambi kwalesi sizini kwehle ngo-50-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, ukuthengiswa kwezithombo kwehle ngesigamu.
“Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwazo zonke izilimo ezidinga umsebenzi wezandla (utamatisi, upelepele, ama-eggplant, ukhukhamba, amakhabe, amakhabe, izucchini), - kuqinisekisa u-Yuri Lemyakin. - Ngoba ngaleso sikhathi, lapho izithombo kufanele zitshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, kwakungacaci ukuthi yini okufanele uyilindele ngaphambili. Abantu banqume ukuthi bancamele ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuze kamuva bangalahlekelwa ngokushiya isilimo ensimini.”.
Yini okufanele izwe liyilungiselele ekugcineni? Phambili ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yemifino, ukukhula kwempahla evela kwamanye amazwe, izinkinga ezinkulu zokucubungula amabhizinisi.
“Kwelinye lamapulazi angomakhelwane kule sizini batshale amahektha angama-20 amatamatisi esikhundleni sika-160 wendabuko. Lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngaphambili intengo yemikhiqizo yekhwalithi engcono ayizange idlule ama-ruble angu-80 / kg, futhi izinga lalithengiswa ngama-ruble angu-20 / kg "- kuqhuba u-Yuri Lemyakin.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi naphezu kwezibikezelo zokunyuka kwamanani, iningi labantu baseRussia (okungenani labo abaveza imibono yabo ngentshiseko ku-inthanethi futhi babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lwe-inthanethi) abawusekeli umqondo wokubuya kwabafuduki. Umbono odume kakhulu ezinkundleni: abakhiqizi bezolimo kumele bakhokhe amaholo amahle, bese kuthi abomdabu bezwe beze bezobasebenzela.
“Ipulazi lethu seliqashe abantu abayisishiyagalolunye. - Yuri Lemyakin amazwana. - Abane kubo bangabahlali bendawo. Sasingase sithathe ngaphezulu, kodwa ibhizinisi itholakala kuphela 10 km ukusuka Volgograd, futhi abantu abaningi bakhetha ukusebenza edolobheni, nakuba sinikeza amaholo amahle - ngokwesilinganiso, mayelana ruble ayizinkulungwane 50. Abafuduki bathola izinkulungwane ezingama-35-40, kodwa inkampani ibuye ithwale izindleko zokudla nendawo yokuhlala (kucatshangelwa lokhu, inani licishe lifane). Akwenzi mehluko kithina esizosebenza, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuthola labo abazimisele ukwenza umsebenzi wezandla ensimini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kubantu abaningi inkinga yotshwala ingokoqobo. "
Enye indlela engenzeka yokuxazulula inkinga ukwenza ngomshini nokwenza imisebenzi eminingi. Namuhla, imithombo yezindaba eminingi ibhala ukuthi ukuntuleka kwabasebenzi abashibhile bonke abalimi baseRussia ukuze bahambisane nenqubekelaphambili, futhi lokhu kuzonikeza umfutho omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni imboni.
“Sitshala u-anyanisi, - kusho umqondisi weVolga-Agromashimport LLC, - Lesi siko, njengamazambane, izaqathe, ama-beet, ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe umsebenzi wezandla ngomshini, futhi izinqubo eziyinhloko zomsebenzi zenziwe ngokuzenzakalela isikhathi eside. Imishini edingekayo yathengwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi komlando wokuvalwa kwemingcele, ngoba nje ukuqaliswa kwayo kukuvumela ukuba unciphise izindleko futhi unciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza. Kunenzuzo.
Futhi manje, ngokwesibonelo, sisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kwesistimu yokunisela nge-drip, ukuze ukuchelela nokukhulelwa kwenzeke ngemiyalelo yekhompyutha, ngaphandle kwethonya lesici somuntu. Kodwa angicabangi ukuthi abaningi bazolandela indlela efanayo.
Emapulazini amaningi esifundeni saseVolgograd, ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yomsebenzi yenziwa ngesandla, futhi lokhu naphezu kokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuvuna ngesandla kunezela izindleko zekhilogremu ka-anyanisi (ama-ruble angu-4, uma sicabangela kuphela. izindleko zembewu nokutshala) cishe okufanayo. Futhi isilinganiso senani lokuthengisa liye lahlala lisezingeni lama-ruble angu-11 / kg iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa ukuze unciphise umsebenzi wezandla, udinga ukutshala imali ezintweni zokusebenza. Akuwona wonke umuntu onethuba elinjalo.
Imali engenayo yamapulazi iyancipha njalo (okungamangalisi: I-90% yembewu yokukhetha kwamanye amazwe ithengwa ngama-euro, umanyolo uthengiswa ngamadola). Ngo-2013, izindleko zepulazi lethu zokuvuna zazingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-180 / ha, ngonyaka odlule - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-380 / ha.
Futhi nakuba abalimi bekwazi ukuphila kahle, benzela abanye izimo futhi bakhokhele abasebenzi babo imiholo emihle kakhulu, abasenayo imali yokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi abo.
Kunzima ukuthola isikweletu esikhethekile ngo-5% ngonyaka, kodwa abaningi abasafuni ukuthatha izibopho zezikweletu ngisho nasezimweni ezinjalo, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukubikezela ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga abazobhekana nazo. Kulo nyaka, ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ngoMashi 20, amaketanga ethu okuthengisa anamakhadi avaliwe ka-anyanisi, izaqathe namazambane okukhiqizwa kwaseRussia, echaza iqiniso lokuthi awukho umkhiqizo wekhwalithi esifundeni. Eqinisweni, lesi sinqumo sasiwumphumela wemizamo yokulawula amanani emakethe. Abalimi abakwazanga ukuthengisa imikhiqizo yabo, balahlekelwa kakhulu, futhi labo ababekwazi ukugcina izimpahla kuze kube maphakathi nentwasahlobo, okungukuthi, ukutshala imali ekugcinweni kwesikhathi eside, bahlupheka. Ngenxa yalokho, amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4 ka-anyanisi atshalwe kulo nyaka esifundeni sethu esikhundleni samahektha ayi-7 ayizinkulungwane ezivamile. U-anyanisi uyisitshalo esimba eqolo ukusikhiqiza. Labo abalahlekelwe yimali ngo-anyanisi ngesizini edlule bakhethe izaqathi ezishibhile nama-beet. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuzoholela ekukhiqizeni ngokweqile kwalezi zitshalo, futhi futhi akekho ozohola lutho. "
Iphi indlela yokuphuma?
“Sizotshala noma kunjalo, - U-Yuri Lemyakin akalahli ithemba, - ngoba akukho okunye esingakwenza. Kodwa udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ukuze izwe libe nemifino nezithelo eziningi, abalimi akufanele okungenani bangaphazamisi umsebenzi wabo, bangadali izithiyo zokwenziwa. Singakwazi ukukumela okunye."
Ukubhekisela:
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezangaphakathi kaJanuwari-Ephreli 2021, inani lamalungelo obunikazi omsebenzi akhishelwe izakhamizi zakwamanye amazwe kanye nabantu abangenabuzwe eRussia lehle ngo-36% kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.
Futhi, isibalo samalungelo obunikazi asemthethweni ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokubika sehle cishe ngamaphesenti angama-40, futhi inani lezimvume zokusebenza ezisebenzayo zabokufika lehle ngengxenye yesithathu.
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