Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, amasimu aseRussia abuswa izinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe zezitshalo zezolimo. U-anyanisi ahlukile, futhi abalimi sebejwayele umqondo wokuthi amazwe angaphandle angcono kakhulu.
Ingabe lokhu kunjalo ngempela futhi ingabe abalimi baka-anyanisi banethuba lokulinda ukuvuselelwa kokukhethwa kwasekhaya?
UVladimir PAVLYUK, uMqondisi-Jikelele weqembu lezinkampani ze-Agroholding, uphendule imibuzo yomuntu obukele umagazini wethu.
- Vladimir Vladimirovich, kungani ama-hybridi ka-anyanisi aseRussia cishe engamelwe emakethe?
- Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuzalanisa wamiswa endaweni yezwe lethu. Kunezihloko eziningana zesayensi zososayensi bethu ezizinikele ocwaningweni lwe-anyanisi genome, kodwa kwaba kuphela lokho.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, izinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba zangena emakethe ngokunikezwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo osekuyiminyaka engamashumi amathathu zilima abalimi bethu baka-anyanisi. Izinkampani zaseNtshonalanga azimi, zakha ibhizinisi labo ngenkuthalo eRussia, zitshala imali ekukhangiseni nasekukhuthazeni imikhiqizo yazo, zinikeza intuthuko yazo kubakhiqizi baseRussia.
Namuhla, amabhizinisi amaningi ka-anyanisi asebenza njenge-knurled, futhi abaholi bawo abafuni ngisho nokuzwa ngokukhethwa kweRussia. Umbono wokuthi konke okuhle kakhulu eNtshonalanga bekulokhu kutshalwa ngenkuthalo futhi isikhathi eside, yilokho kanye abasebenzi baseRussia bezinkampani zangaphandle abaphindayo, futhi, njengoba wazi, ngeke badumise noma batuse izinhlobo zasekhaya.
Isimo sokugcina simi kanje. Abalimi bethu bathumela ngokuzithandela izimali ezikhangayo phesheya, ngenxa yalokho ukukhetha nokukhiqizwa kwembewu kuthuthukiswa lapho, futhi amaholo abasebenzi kuyo yonke imboni ayakhula. Kuyaphawuleka ikakhulukazi ukuthi ukuthengwa kwembewu evela kwamanye amazwe kuxhaswa nguhulumeni. Okusho ukuthi, izwe lethu liphinde likhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kokukhetha phesheya.
Njalo ngonyaka, izindleko zembewu engenisiwe zikhuphuka ngo-5%, kungakhathaliseki izinga lokushintshaniswa, ngokulandelana, abakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia bakhokhela izindleko ezikhulayo zokuphila kwabalingani bangaphandle.
U-anyanisi ungenisa eRussia, 2020-2022, amathani ayizinkulungwane
NGOKWEZIBALO EZISEMTHETHWENI, I-PERCAPITA YOKUDLA U-anyanisi EMBUDENI WASERUSSIA KUNGU-17 KG NGONYAKA. LESI KHOMBISA SINGU-7KG ESINGAPHEZU KWEZINGA LOKUDLA ELINCONYISWA YI-RAMS NUTRITION INSTITUTE.
Inzuzo yokuthengiswa kwembewu evela kwamanye amazwe ikhula njalo. Kusukela emakethe, engenakho enye indlela yasekhaya, akekho ozohamba ngokuzithandela.
- Singakwazi yini ukuvuselela ukukhetha kwethu?
- Le nqubo idinga imizamo yesikhathi eside kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuqinile. Ubunkimbinkimbi bokuzalanisa u-anyanisi bulele eqinisweni lokuthi isitshalo esineminyaka emibili ubudala, futhi udinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiphindwe kabili kuso. Kuthatha cishe iminyaka eyi-10-20 ukuthola i-hybrid eyodwa, bese kusadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe izivivinyo eziningi zokukhiqiza. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, abafuyi kumele babe nemali eqhubekayo yokusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqiniso nje lokuvela kwe-hybrid entsha aliqinisekisi izinzuzo zalo kunalezo esezivele zisemakethe, kanye nenkokhelo yayo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-hybrid kuzodingeka imelane nokuncintisana okuqinile okuvela kozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe.
Isimo sibhebhethekiswa yizindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza u-anyanisi, okwenza umlimi angathembeki ngokwedlulele futhi angabi lula ekuhloleni.
Umlimi uchitha isilinganiso sama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-350 kuya ku-550 noma ngaphezulu ehektheleni ngalinye lensimu ka-anyanisi ngesizini, futhi izindleko zephutha lakhe kungaba ukuqothuka kwepulazi.
- Sitshele ngomsebenzi wakho kule ndawo.
- Iminyaka engu-16, iqembu lezinkampani ze-Agroholding libambe iqhaza ngempumelelo ekukhetheni nasekukhiqizeni imbewu ka-anyanisi.
Ukwakha ingxubevange yokuncintisana, zonke izindawo zokukhetha kufanele zenziwe ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, u-anyanisi angase abe nezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezohwebo, kodwa angazinzile ezimweni zemvelo, bese engenalo ithuba lokuthola indawo emakethe.
Inkokhelo yezindleko zenkampani yokuzalanisa, kanye nabalimi abathenge imbewu, kungenzeka uma ama-hybrids ehlanganisa zonke izinzuzo zesitshalo. Ukufeza lokhu, ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwabo kuyadingeka.
Namuhla sinikeza abalimi bembewu yezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zama-hybrids ethu. Kodwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ukwanda okuphawulekayo kohlu kanye nomsebenzi wezingxenye zemakethe ezengeziwe kulindeleke. Ngentwasahlobo yonyaka ozayo, ama-hybrids amathathu amasha azovela, futhi entwasahlobo ka-2025 - ngaphezulu kuka-20. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngamunye wabo uzobe efunwa ngabakhiqizi bezolimo, ngoba wadalwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zabo kanye nezidingo zabo.
-Ithini imibono yabalimi besimanje baka-anyanisi abaqhathanisa ihybrid yasekhaya neyangaphandle?
- Uma i-hybrid yasekhaya ilahlekelwa enye yangaphandle ngandlela thize, ayinalo ithuba emakethe. Abasebenzi bamahhovisi abamele izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe bazosiza abalimi baka-anyanisi ukuthi babone konke ukushiyeka kwe-hybrid enjalo futhi banikeze angcono - angaphandle.
Njengoba ama-hybrids asekhaya athengwa abalimi baka-anyanisi baseRussia, kusho ukuthi bayaqhudelana. Lokhu kungaqinisekiswa yizinhloko zamapulazi amaningi lapho zitshalwa khona. Kubandakanya ezifundeni zaseKuban, eStavropol, eKabardino-Balkaria, eDagestan, eSaratov nase-Orenburg, lapho izindawo ezinkulu zamasiko zitshalwa khona ngokwesiko.
Inzuzo enkulu yama-hybrids asekhaya ukuthi adalwe ngokukhethekile emakethe yaseRussia. Okusho ukuthi, wonke umsebenzi wenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo lapho i-hybrid izokhula khona. Ngakho-ke, ivumelana kangcono nazo zonke izimo zemvelo nezesimo sezulu, lapho ikhombisa khona zonke izakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu.
- Ucabangani ngamathuba okuthi ama-hybrids ethu athathe ingxenye ebalulekile yemakethe yasekhaya, futhi ingabe anamandla okuthekelisa?
“Ngokolwazi lwethu, iRussia ikhiqiza amathani ka-anyanisi angaba yisigidi ngonyaka. Uma kubhekwa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo, kuyacaca ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yawo ithengwa kwamanye amazwe.
Izwe elikhulu elinomhlaba ocebe kakhulu, amanzi kanye nezinsiza zabantu alizihlinzeki ngo-anyanisi, amasu kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla ethandwa kakhulu. Nakuba yayikwazi ukunikeza abantu bayo ngokugcwele, futhi ize iyithumele ukuyothunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Futhi uma kungekho okwenziwayo, musa ukwandisa
ukukhiqizwa kwayo, amavolumu akhule eRussia azokwehla kancane kancane.
Kunesinye isizathu esingathi sína sokukhathazeka. Cishe akukho ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha amasimu ngezitshalo emazweni akhiqizayo. I-Egypt, iTurkey, iKyrgyzstan, i-Uzbekistan kanye ne-Kazakhstan bekungabahlinzeki abakhulu baka-anyanisi eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Ukuhlola imikhiqizo evela lapho kwenziwa kuphela ngokuba khona kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezibhaliswe eRussian Federation. Kodwa kulawa mazwe, kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, esingakabhaliswanga kuyo.
Futhi ekuqhubekiseni isihloko sokuthekelisa. Kuyathakazelisa ikakhulukazi ukuthi amanethiwekhi okuhweba, asebenza nengxenye kuphela yabakhiqizi, awafaki izilinganiso zangempela ezindaweni zokugcina zaseRussia lapho enquma ukuhlinzeka ngo-anyanisi angenisiwe ezweni. Eqinisweni, abathengisi bancisha abalimi ithuba lokubuyisela imali abayitshalile endaweni yokugcina nobuchwepheshe bokukhulisa u-anyanisi ukuze bawugcine.
- Ungathini kubalimi baka-anyanisi abangakakholelwa kuma-hybrids aseRussia?
- Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze iningi lizokholwa. Phela, ama-hybrids ka-anyanisi afuywayo abonisa futhi azobonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu, hhayi ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu kunakwamanye amazwe.
Ngifuna ukukhumbuza abalimi baka-anyanisi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukukhetha ingxube ethile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlosiwe ukuze kube nomphumela ophumelelayo. Udinga ukwazi kusengaphambili zonke izakhiwo zayo, ubuthakathaka namandla ukuze ukhethe indawo efanelekile ye-hybrid ku-conveyor ehlobo, ensimini nasendlini yokugcina impahla.
Ngaphambi kokutshala u-anyanisi, akudingekile kuphela ukunquma ngesu lokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi nokutadisha ngokucophelela zonke izindaba ezihlobene nokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo. Iphutha elivame ukwenziwa abalimi wukwethemba ukuzinza nokungaguquki kwemakethe. Ukuze ube nokukhiqiza okunenzuzo, kuyadingeka ukuba ulungele izinguquko eziqhubekayo, ucabangele zonke izinqubo zemakethe. Futhi futhi - hlala ufunda futhi ubale, ubale futhi ufunde.