Umphumela wokugcina ngonyaka we-2019 ungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-7,5 amazambane emkhakheni wezimboni. Lokhu kungu-5,5% (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-396,5) ngaphezulu kunango-2018. Ngokunjalo, isizini elandelayo yabakhiqizi bezolimo ingaphansi kophawu lokukhiqiza ngokweqile ngabo bonke ubunzima obuvelayo.
Alexey Krasilnikov, Umqondisi Omkhulu WePotato Union yaseRussia
IZINHLELO
Eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaFebhuwari, amazambane asenkabeni yeRussia kanye nesifunda seVolga athengiswa ngokwesilinganiso ngamarubhi angu-8-9 / kg, okungukuthi, ama-15 ukuya ku-20% ashibhile kunangesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule. Ngenkathi singaziboni izimfuneko zoshintsho kulesi simo: kunemikhiqizo eminingi emakethe.
OKUFANELEKILE
Kulezi zimo ezinhle, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inani lamazambane angeniswa etafuleni eRussia asesezingeni eliphansi, yize ukunikezwa kwemikhiqizo yakuqala kusuka eGibhithe, e-Azerbaijan, kwa-Israyeli, njll., Kusazoba njalo.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, kungacatshangwa ukuthi ivolumu yomkhiqizo ongenisiwe, ngokunokwenzeka, ngeke yeqe ngonyaka odlule. Khumbula, ngokusho kukaRosstat, ngesizini ka-2018/2019. ukungenisa amanani amazambane wethebula eRussia kwehle ngo-45% - kuya kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-316 (kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-569 ngesizini ka-2017/2018).
Yize umuntu kungafanele aqikelele ukubaluleka kwaleli qiniso: ngonyaka owedlule, ukuncishiswa kokuhlinzekwa kwamazambane angenisiwe akuzange kuthinte amanani nezinga lokuthengisa kwasekhaya.
IGIBHITHE
Ngonyaka odlule, ukulethwa kwamazambane aseGibhithe ezweni lethu kwehle cishe amahlandla ama-3 - kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-359 kuya kwayi-127. Isizathu esiyinhloko isivuno esibi eYurophu. Abakhiqizi baseGibhithe bathumela iningi lomkhiqizo wabo ekufuneni okuphezulu nakwamanani aphezulu.
Lo nyaka, imakethe yaseYurophu (ngokuyinhloko eJalimane) iphinde ibhekana nokushoda kwamazambane. Imininingwane iyatholakala futhi ngokushoda kwezilimo eCyprus, futhi leli lizwe ngokwesiko linikeza amazambane asezingeni eliphakeme emazweni e-EU. Ngakho-ke, kukhona izimfuneko zokuthi ukunakwa kwabakhiqizi baseGibhithe kuzophinde kuqondiswe emakethe enenzuzo ethe xaxa yase-Europe.
AZERBAIJAN
Ngokuseduze, iPotato Union isiqapha isimo e-Azerbaijan. Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, ikhabinethi yezwe yabaphathiswa yamemezela isinqumo sokuqeda intela yokungenisa ezweni amazambane embewu ukuze kusekelwe ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane okuqala. I-Azerbaijan isebenzise izindlela ezifanayo phambilini, kepha phambilini bekungekho mali ebikhokhiswa ngempahla ngoMashi, Ephreli nangoMeyi. Kusukela kulo nyaka, abangenisa impahla ezweni bazokhululwa emisebenzini kahulumeni kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isivuno sokuqala sembewu engeniswe ngaphandle kwentela ezweni ngeke sivune ngoMeyi, kodwa ngo-Ephreli. Abakhiqizi bezolimo base-Azerbaijani balindele ukuthi ushintsho ngokwemigomo (okusho ukuthi, ukuqala kokuqala komsebenzi nokungena esikhathini esifanele sokukhula kwesivuno) kuzosiza ukukhulisa isivuno, kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza zabalimi futhi kunciphise nezindleko zamazambane okuqala.
Masingakhohlwa ukuthi umthengi oyinhloko wamazambane okuqala wase-Azarus yiRussia. Ngonyaka ophelile, inani lokudonswa kwamazambane kuleli lizwe lalingaphansi kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile: imisebenzi emikhulu yokuthekelisa iqale ukusebenza e-Azerbaijan kuze kube ngu-Ephreli 30, ngakho-ke abaphathi bazame ukuqinisa amanani emakethe yasekhaya. Futhi ngoJuni, i-niche yamazambane okuqala ezweni lethu yathathwa ngabakhiqizi basekhaya abavela ezifundeni eziseningizimu. Lonyaka, izinto zingaphumela ngokuhlukile.
CHINA
Umugqa ohlukile ukhethe iChina. Namuhla, abezindaba bashicilela imininingwane eminingi ngezinkinga ezingase zibe khona zeRussia ngenxa yokukhanselwa kokuphakelwa kwemifino kuleli. Eqinisweni, ubunzima bungavela eMpumalanga Ekude kuphela futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi eMpumalanga yeSiberia; isabelo sengxenye yemikhiqizo yamaShayina yathunyelwa lapho.
Ngeshwa, ukuqondisa ukuhamba kwemifino namazambane kuya eMpumalanga Ekude kusuka engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia akulula.
UMBONO
Ngokusho kwe-FCS, kule sizini cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200 amazambane etafula laseRussia anikezwa e-Ukraine. Futhi sikhuluma ngokulethwa ngqo ezweni, ngaphandle kwezifunda zeDonbass. Lesi siteshi sisize abatshali bamazambane abaningi basekhaya ukuba bathengise ngemikhiqizo yabo inzuzo.
Futhi, ukulethwa kwamazambane asetafuleni kusuka eRussia kwenziwa eRepublic of Moldova naseSerbia, yize kungenjalo ngezinga elingaka. Ukuthuthukiswa kokubambisana neMoldova kwaphazanyiswa ukubola kwendandatho - into elawulwa iRussia Federation nokuhlukaniswa kweMoldova. Ngenani elikhulu lokuthunyelwa kwamazambane aseRussia, iRosselkhoznadzor ayikhiphanga izitifiketi zokuhlanza impilo.
Ngemuva kokuhlaziya isimo esikhona njengamanje, iSikhungo Sokulima Ezolimo SaseRussia kulo nyaka sihlela ukwakha imephu yokusatshalaliswa kokujikeleza kwendandatho ezweni, ukuze kuthi kamuva, ngokusekelwe kule mininingwane, sinqume ngokukhishwa noma ngokungakhishwa kwezitifiketi ze-phytosanitary.
UKUKHULULWA KWE-SEED POTATO KUSUKELA E-ABROAD
Esikhathini samanje, imibuzo ngokuhlinzekwa kwamazambane embewu asuka emazweni e-EU ayasindwa kanzima. Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, singakhuluma kuphela ngokuzethemba ngokunikezwa kwembewu evela eFinland. IGermany futhi inikeza ithemba ngesimo sethemba elihle. Ochwepheshe baseRosselkhoznadzor sebesenza izivivinyo zaselebhu zamasampula kusukela ezinkatho ezihloselwe iRussia. Kepha ukuthunyelwa kwembewu evela eNetherlands akukakacaci.
Ochwepheshe bokugada iRosselkhoz balinde isimemo sokulawulwa kokuthumela ngaphambi kokuthumela, kepha iNetherlands kuze kube manje isikulungele ukunikeza ukucwaninga okuhleliwe kuphela kokukhiqizwa kwamazambane, ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri lokwenza inkatho ethile ezindaweni zokucwaninga zaseRussia. Ukuthi amaqembu azokwazi yini ukuvumelana akwaziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokufinyelela esivumelwaneni sihlala sincane ngokwedlulele. Abamele izinkampani zokufuya baphawula ukuthi kulesi simo abalikhiphi ithuba lokuthi inkatho eyenzelwe iRussia idluliselwe kwamanye amazwe.
Masingakhohlwa ukuthi ingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zembewu ezivela eNetherlands izinhlobonhlobo zokucutshungulwa (nokukhuluma ngenkatho ngama-minicubers, ayi-100% izinhlobo zokulungiswa kwezimboni). Ukuphazamiseka ekunikezelweni kwalawa maqembu kungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ezinhlelweni zesikhathi eside zabasebenza eRussia.
Cishe esigabeni esifanayo, umbuzo uphakelwa ngamazambane embewu aqhamuka eFrance. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngonyaka owedlule bekunendawo enesizotha esikhulu phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezimpahla zezinhlamvu ezweni lethu: okuthengiswayo kufinyelela kumathani cishe ayi-7 kuphela amazambane. Kepha kwisizini yamanje, umthamo wohlelo lokuqokwa wakhuphuka waya kumathani angama-3, cishe abasebenza ku-000 baseRussia bazwakalise ukuthi bazimisele ukusebenza nezinto zaseFrance.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ama-opharetha amaningi aseJalimane, izinhlobo zawo ezitshalwa eFrance, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi (kwezinye izimo - impilo yezempilo, kwezinye - ngenxa yemiqulu enganele eJalimane) ziveze isifiso sokushintshela ekunikezelweni izinhlobo eziya eRussia zisuka eFrance. Uhlangothi lwaseFrance luye lwaqinisekisa kaningi ukuthi ngeke kube khona izithiyo ekulawulweni kokuthunyelwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa, kepha okwamanje akukho nqubekelaphambili eseyenziwe kulokhu. Lokho wukuthi, ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzeka buhlala bukhulu kakhulu.
Futhi ekuphetheni, amagama ambalwa ngeRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus. Cishe, silindele ukutholakala kwamazambane embewu ezingeni leminyaka eyedlule: okungukuthi, amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4-6.
IMISEBENZI EMISHA ENDLELENI YOKUGCINA
Kule sizini, irekhodi ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 20), kwaba nomhlangano wekhomishini yesazi mayelana nezichibiyelo kurejista Yezwe yokufezekiswa kokuvunyelwa kokusetshenziswa okwabanjwa.
Ukucatshangelwa kwakuyizinhlobonhlobo zamazambane, imifino kanye amakhabe. Ngemuva komhlangano, izinhlobo ezingama-30 zamazambane ezintsha zathunyelwa kuRegista Yombuso Yezwe LaseRussia; ezintathu zazo (Austin, Sorentina, Fontane) zenzelwe isigaba sokulungisa. Izinhlobo ezinhlanu (i-Indigo, iCarmen, iLux, iPrince, iRed Scarlett), ezifakwe kwirejista Yombuso ngaphambili, zandisa uhla lwezindawo ezisetshenziswayo.
KUKHULA INDAWO
UMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation okwamanje ubikezela ukuthi indawo engaphansi kwamazambane emkhakheni wezimboni waseRussia ngenkathi entsha izohlala ezingeni lanyakenye. Ngasikhathi sinye, ochwepheshe babheka ukuthi amanye amabhizinisi ezolimo, ngemuva kwelinye, angabaziseli kakhulu abalimi bamazambane, azokwenqaba ukukhulisa izitshalo noma anciphise umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwawo. Kepha ngokuhambisana nalokhu, indawo yokukhiqiza amazambane ukuze icubungulwe izokhula - ngesicelo samabhizinisi akhulayo (i-Belaya Dacha, i-Agrico, njll.).