U-Alexey Krasilnikov, umqondisi omkhulu wePotato Union
Ukutshalwa kwamazambane ngesizini entsha kuqale ngokubambezeleka kanti ngesikhathi kubhalwa lesi sihloko (May 24) bekungakaqedwa, yize isimo sezulu sivuma ukukhulisa ijubane, okusho ukuthi amapulazi amaningi azoba nesikhathi sokuhlangana izinsuku zokugcina ze-agrotechnical.
Indawo engaphansi kwamazambane izokhula njengoba bekulindelekile, kodwa azikho izimfuneko zokugxuma okubalulekile. Ngokuvamile, isibikezelo sonyaka wamanje sabahlanganyeli bemakethe sinethemba elikhulu, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo bazoba namathemba amahle.
Uhlu lwamanani
Ngaphambi kokugxila kulezi zihloko ngokuningiliziwe, ake sisho amagama ambalwa mayelana nokuphela kwenkathi edlule: ingabizwa ngokufanele ukuthi iphumelele kakhulu kubalimi bamazambane.
Izintengo ze-Wholesale zamazambane kusukela ekuqaleni kwekwindla kuya maphakathi nentwasahlobo zaziphakeme izikhathi ezi-2-2,5 kunezinkomba ezihambisanayo zesizini edlule futhi zavumela abakhiqizi bezolimo ukuthi bazizwe beqiniseka impela.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, siphawule ukwehla kwamanani entengo engxenyeni ethengiswayo, kungenxa yokuba khona kwebhalansi emakethe (ngoMeyi 1, 2021, ibhalansi yamabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo ayesenayo cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-572. imikhiqizo, ngonyaka ngaphambili ibhalansi yayingamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-548) kanye nokwanda kokungeniswa kwevolumu.
Ngokunokwenzeka, iqiniso lokuthi eminye yemikhiqizo yahlala ingathengiswa kubangelwa ikakhulukazi izinkinga zekhwalithi (ngokuqondile, ukuntuleka kwezimpahla ezidingweni zamaketanga okuthengisa ngokubukeka kanye nekhwalithi).
Ngenisa
Umthamo wokungeniswa kwamazambane eRussia kule sizini unyukile uma kuqhathaniswa nedlule, kodwa noma kunjalo asikwazi ukusho ukuthi "bafaka ingcindezi" emakethe.
Ngakho-ke, ngoJanuwari, izwe lethu langenisa amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisi-6 amazambane, kuwo amathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-4,5 - avela eBelarus, amathani angama-634 - evela eGibhithe. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isiteshi sokunikezela samazambane okuqala aseGibhithe savulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile (ngenxa yokuthi amaketanga okuthengisa ayengenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi kuzoba nenani elanele lomkhiqizo waseRussia osezingeni eliphezulu emakethe). NgoFebhuwari, umthamo wokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe usuvele ukhule waba amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-25, lapho amathani angu-18070 avela eGibhithe. IRiphabhulikhi yaseBelarus yathumela amathani angama-4684 amazambane wetafula namathani angama-204 embewu eRussia.
Amazambane amaningi embewu alethwa eRussia ngo-Ephreli: amathani angama-670, kuwo amathani angama-286 avela eBelarus namathani ayi-180 avela eFinland. Futhi inani eliphelele lokungeniswa kwamazambane (kuhlanganise nalawo athengiswayo) lifinyelele amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100.
Ukugeleza okukhulu kwembewu kwaqala ngoMeyi kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, imithwalo yemikhiqizo evela eFinland, eJalimane naseScotland yalethwa ezweni eduze kwe "green corridor", ngaphandle kwesampula yevidiyo, futhi amazambane avela eNetherlands, Poland, France adlula zonke izigaba zokuqinisekisa ngokuhambisana nemithetho yeRosselkhoznadzor. .
Isamba sembewu yamazambane angena eRussia evela kwamanye amazwe ngenkathi yokutshala ka-2021 awaziwa okwamanje. Ngaphambilini, abakhiqizi bezolimo bafaka izicelo zokungenisa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-19, kodwa sikholelwa ukuthi empeleni isilinganiso sokuthenga sizohlala sisezingeni langonyaka odlule (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-9) noma ngaphansi kancane. Kodwa kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuhlanganisa imiphumela, imidlalo eminingi isasendleleni.
Ukuphetha ingxoxo mayelana nokungeniswa kwembewu, ngizophinde ngiveze inkambiso ezinzile: ngesizini ngayinye entsha, ukunikezwa kwezinto zomthombo (ikakhulukazi ama-minitubers, ama-microplants kusenzima kakhulu ukuletha).
Izinhlelo zokufika
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation, ngo-2021, cishe amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-290 azokwabelwa amazambane emkhakheni wezimboni. Khumbula ukuthi ngonyaka odlule, ngokusho kwezibikezelo, amazambane kwakufanele athathe amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-280, kodwa empeleni, ukuvuna kwenziwa kusuka kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-266. Uma sisebenzisa idatha yakamuva ukuze siqhathanise, ukunyuka kuzoba amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-25.
Abaholi abahlanu ngokwezindawo ezilindelekile bahlanganisa iBryanskaya (amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-27); I-Tula (amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20); I-Nizhegorodskaya (amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-13,8); Moscow (amahektha ayizinkulungwane 13,6) kanye Sverdlovsk (amahektha ayizinkulungwane 13) izifunda.
Ngasikhathi sinye, siphawula ukuthi iningi lezindawo ezinkulu zezolimo kule nkathi zakhetha ukungenzi izinguquko ezinqala ezinhlelweni zabo zamazambane: othile ushiye umthamo wangaphambilini wokulima, abanye banciphisa kancane indawo, benethemba lokunxephezela ukuncishiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwesimanjemanje. ubuchwepheshe.
Ngokucabangela lokhu, singenza isiphetho sokuqala sokuthi ukwanda okubukhali kwendawo yamazambane (okuye kwabhalwa kabanzi futhi kusatshwa) ngeke kwenzeke kulo nyaka.
Ukukhula kwentshisekelo kwezamasiko kubonakala ikakhulukazi kulezo zifunda lapho amabhizinisi okucubungula alungiselela ukuvula (noma akhulisa amakhono). Amazambane amaningi ayatshalwa, isibonelo, esifundeni saseNovosibirsk, lapho kwakhiwa khona isitshalo samazambane i-PepsiCo; esifundeni saseLipetsk, lapho i-Belaya Dacha Farming izofaka khona umugqa wesibili wokukhiqiza amafrimu aseFrance (ukwandisa umthamo wokucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100 ngonyaka).
Kusobala ukuthi abacwengi bazoqhubeka nokusebenza njengabashayeli bokuthuthukiswa kwemboni esikhathini esizayo. Ulayini wesifunda saseTula, lapho eminyakeni ezayo uzokwethulwa izimboni zokukhiqiza amafrimu aseFrance ("McCain Foods Rus") kanye nama-flakes amazambane (IP M.Zh. Avetisyan).
Isimo sezulu
Maphakathi noMeyi, ezifundeni eziningi, bekunensalela enkulu ngemuva kwamazinga okutshala ajwayelekile. Abaningi bangena ensimini sekwephuzile amasonto amabili, ngoba izimo zezulu ekuqaleni kukaMeyi zazingezona ezivumayo kakhulu (ezifundeni ezimaphakathi nesifunda saseVolga kwakunemvula enkulu, amazinga okushisa aphansi asala).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani eziningi zikwazile ukusebenzisa ukubambezeleka kwamasonto amabili ukuze zithole imvume ku-Rosselkhoznadzor futhi zihlele ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla eziyinhloko zembewu.
Manje umsebenzi usuyaqhubeka ezweni lonke. Ngokusho kwedatha yokusebenza yezinhlaka zokuphatha ze-agro-industrial complex yezinhlaka ze-Russian Federation, ngoMeyi 21, emabhizinisini ezolimo nasemapulazini abalimi (amapulazi) amazambane atshalwe kumahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-159,5 (lokhu kungu-54,9% yendawo ebikezelwe). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezindaweni eziningi, isimo sezulu esipholile sashintshwa isikhathi sokushisa okungavamile (10-12 ° C ukufudumala kunokuvamile). Kodwa njengoba ezindaweni eziningi kusenomswakama owanele ongqimbeni olulinywayo, lokhu kufisa kwemvelo akubeki usongo ekuvuneni kwesikhathi esizayo. Ngokuzayo, ababikezeli basezindaweni ezimaphakathi neRussia bathembisa ukushintshana kwesimo sezulu esifudumele nezimvula ezina ngezikhathi ezithile, okuzoba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko.
Ngokuvamile, lezo zinkampani ezisheshe zaqeda ukutshala zathatha izikhundla ezinhle zokuqala emjahweni wokuvuna.
Izinhlobo
Lapho sixoxa ngendaba yokukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ngabakhiqizi bezolimo, sithembele kudatha ye-Russian Agricultural Center kusukela ngo-2020, kodwa ngenkathi entsha, azikho izinguquko eziyisisekelo eziye zaphawulwa.
Njengangaphambili, ingxenye enkulu yezindawo zamazambane zaseRussia (57%) emkhakheni wezohwebo ithathwa izinhlobo eziyi-10, eziyi-9 zazo zikhethwa kwamanye amazwe. Futhi lokhu naphezu kokuthi izinhlobo ezingu-494 okwamanje zibhaliswe kuRejista Yombuso. Sekukonke, ngokwemiphumela yomkhankaso wokuhlwanyela ka-2020, abakhiqizi bezolimo basebenzisa izinhlobo eziyi-169 zembewu yokutshala. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ngo-2018, izinhlobo ezingama-423 zabhaliswa kuRejista Yombuso, lapho i-177 yayifunwa ngabakhiqizi bezolimo. Okusho ukuthi, inani lezinhlobonhlobo likhula, futhi isithakazelo sabalimi emikhiqizweni emisha siyawa, lezo ezihloliwe. ngokuhamba kweminyaka kulinywa hlala ohlwini lwabaholi.
Phakathi kwemikhuba emihle, ukuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwamazambane angaqinisekiswanga kufanele kuqokonyiswe: ngonyaka ka-2018, kwasetshenziswa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-264 ezinhlamvu ezingezona ezezinhlobonhlobo (33% yenani eliphelele), kwathi ngo-2020 - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-221 (29). %). Isizathu esiyinhloko: Ukusetshenziswa kwembewu eqinisekisiwe sekuyisidingo sokuqala sokuthola uxhaso.
Amathemba okukhula
Uma izimo zezulu zivuma ngesikhathi sonyaka, umthamo wokuvuna amazambane emkhakheni wezohwebo uzofinyelela ezingeni elijwayelekile lamathani ayizigidi ezingama-7-7,5. Futhi ngokombono wochwepheshe bePotato Union, leli nani lokukhiqiza lingase linganele, futhi esikhathini esizayo, ukugcina ukukhiqizwa ezingeni elifanayo kusongela izwe ngokushoda kwamazambane.
Ngokusho kweFederal State Statistics Service, izinga lokuncipha kwenani lesivuno esiphelele - ngenxa yokwenqaba kwamaRussia ukutshala izitshalo ezitshalweni zabo ezingaphansi - likhula kancane kancane. Esikhathini esisuka ku-2000 kuya ku-2015, ukwehla konyaka kwahlala ezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-600. Kusukela ngowezi-2015, sekudonswe amathani ayisigidi enanini lemali ekhokhwayo.
Nakuba kugcinwa izinga lamanje lokusuka, umthamo wokuqoqwa emkhakheni wezindawo ezizimele ngeke udlule amathani ayizigidi eziyisi-2026 ngo-6,7 (ngowezi-2020: amathani ayizigidi eziyi-12,7).
Futhi ngokusho kwezibikezelo zochwepheshe, ngalesi sikhathi amabhizinisi okucubungula kuphela azodla okungenani amathani ayizigidi ezi-3 zezinto zokusetshenziswa (manje - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1,6). Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela ukushoda kwamazambane ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa. Ukukhula kwezindawo ezweni kufanele okungenani kube ngama-5% ngonyaka. Ngaphansi kwalesi simo, ngo-2026, amazambane azohlala amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-376, futhi umthamo wesivuno esiphelele emkhakheni wezohwebo uzofinyelela ezingeni elidingekayo lamathani ayizigidi eziyi-11,6.
Isikhathi sizosho ukuthi ngabe iziphathimandla nabamele imboni bazolalela umbono wochwepheshe, kodwa kuncane kakhulu okusele ukwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile.
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