Ngokusho komyalezo I-EastFruit, imakethe yamazambane yamazwe aqashwe yi-portal (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Poland kanye neGeorgia) yayinomkhuhlane kusukela ekuqaleni kwesizini ka-2021/22, futhi ngayinye yayinezinkinga zayo.
Namuhla, iRussia isahamba phambili ngokwamanani entengo, kanti intengo ejwayelekile yamazambane ezweni ifinyelela kumasenti angama-38 aseMelika ngekhilogremu ngayinye. E-Georgia nase-Belarus, izindleko ezimaphakathi zamazambane zishibhe ngamasenti ama-2 kuphela. Ukuthunyelwa kwamazambane kusuka eGeorgia kuya eRussian Federation manje sekumile, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamazambane kusuka eBelarus kuya eRussian Federation kuwukuthekelisa kabusha kwemikhiqizo etshalwe e-Ukraine noma e-EU.
IMoldova idayisa amazambane ngendlela engabizi kakhulu. Ngokweqile, ukulethwa kwamazambane okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kuleli zwe kuya eRussian Federation kusengenzeka, nokho, akulula manje ukuqoqa izimpahla ezithengiswayo zamazambane zekhwalithi edingekayo ezweni.
Amanani aphansi kakhulu ase-Ukraine - lapha ungathenga amazambane aphansi izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kunaseRussia, Georgia naseBelarus. Sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngokuthunyelwa kwamazambane eGeorgia. Ukuhlinzekwa kwamazambane e-Belarus manje sekunzima ngenxa yezidingo ezintsha zokuvalelwa yedwa, kanye nezinkinga nge-logistics. Kunzima futhi ukuhlinzeka ngamazambane emazweni e-EU ngenxa yezidingo eziqinile zokuvalelwa yedwa, kanye nangenxa yezinkinga zekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yase-Ukraine. Futhi amanani e-EU (isibonelo, ePoland) manje aphakeme kancane kunase-Ukraine.
Kuyathakazelisa ukubheka ukuguquguquka kwentengo yamazambane emasontweni asanda kwedlula emazweni ahlaziywe aseMpumalanga Yurophu. Ibonisa ukuthi amazwe abhekana kanjani nokushoda noma imali eyengeziwe.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke - ngama-33% - kusukela ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, amanani amazambane anyukile eMoldova, okususe insalela yokukhiqiza. Ngaso leso sikhathi, emasontweni angu-4 edlule, amanani amazambane kuleli lizwe azinzile, okusho ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kanye nokufunwa kuye kwalingana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanani aphakeme kancane kunonyaka odlule.
I-Belarus inciphise kancane amanani entengo amazambane ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule - ngokwesilinganiso, amazambane asethengeka kakhulu ngo-4%. Kodwa-ke, uma siqhathanisa nokuqala kukaSepthemba, amanani amazambane asesephezulu ngo-28%.
I-Russia ibonakala iphumelela kakhulu ekubhekaneni nokushoda kwamazambane, ngoba amanani lapha ehle ngo-4% emasontweni ama-8 edlule kanye nama-21% ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule. Kodwa-ke, manje amazambane athengiswa lapha ngama-21% abiza kakhulu kunasekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ayisekho imithombo yamazambane ashibhile emhlabeni eRussia. Amazambane e-Russian Federation manje athengiswa ngokuphindwe kathathu kunangasikhathi sinye ngo-2019 futhi abiza ngokuphindwe kabili nesigamu kunango-2020.
Amanani amazambane eGeorgia akhula kancane kancane. Njengoba sezivele ziphakeme kakhulu futhi ziphindwe kabili kunangonyaka odlule, kungaphethwa ngokuthi inkathi yokuthumela amazambane avela eGeorgia isiphelile. Kuleli zinga lentengo, izwe lingase liqale nokungenisa.
E-Poland, amazambane nawo akhuphuka ngentengo, nakuba amanani ehlala ephansi. Ngokusobala, izwe manje selibhekana ngokuphumelelayo nensalela yokukhiqiza.
E-Ukraine, amanani amazambane ayaqhubeka nokwehla, okubonisa izinkinga eziqhubekayo ngokuthengiswa komkhiqizo. Faka izimakethe zakwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lamazambane abakhiqizi abakwazi. Manje abalimi bamazambane e-Ukraine bathengisa imikhiqizo yabo eshibhile ngokuphindwe kabili njengokujwayelekile phakathi nalesi sikhathi sonyaka.
Ukuze ubikezele amanani amazambane ngezinga eliphezulu lamathuba, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlale uhlaziya imakethe eyisisekelo. Umsebenzi onjalo wenziwa e-Ukraine kuphela yinkampani I-APK Yazisa: imifino nezitheloNokho, lesi sibikezelo asikho esidlangalaleni.
Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, ochwepheshe be-East Fruit, becabanga ngamathemba emakethe, bathembele olwazini olutholakalayo mayelana nezitayela zokuhweba futhi kule ncwadi abanikezeli isibikezelo, kodwa kunalokho okulindelwe okuhlanganisiwe kwababambe iqhaza emakethe yamazambane yesifunda.
Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, mayelana nokuthi ungathenga kuphi amazambane kulawo mazwe abhekene nokushoda kwemikhiqizo, okungukuthi iRussia neBelarus?
IPakistan isivele isiqalile ukuvuna isivuno esisha samazambane, kodwa izindleko ze-logistics ziwukuthi okwamanje asikho isidingo sokuhlinzeka ngamazambane engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussian Federation naseBelarus kusuka kuleli zwe.
I-Iran nayo izoqala ukungena emakethe yamazambane ngesitshalo esisha ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2022, njenge-Egypt. Kodwa-ke, isivuno samazambane eGibhithe kulo nyaka sizoba ngaphansi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, futhi amanani asevele ephezulu kakhulu lapho. Njengoba kuyi-Egypt evame ukuba ngumphakeli oyinhloko wamazambane eRussia entwasahlobo, amanani avela kuleli lizwe azonquma ukwakhiwa kwamanani eRussia Federation. Ukuqhubeka nalokhu, abahlanganyeli bemakethe balindele ukukhuphuka kwentengo yamazambane eRussia ngoFebhuwari. Isibikezelo esifanayo, ngokulandelana, sizoba seBelarus.
Ngendlela, eBelarus kunesinye isizathu sokukhuphuka kwamanani amazambane - kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2022, ukungeniswa kwamazambane, kanye neminye imifino nezithelo ezivela e-EU kuya kuleli zwe kuzoyeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintengo zamazambane kuleli zwe zihlotshaniswa ngqo namanani e-Russian Federation.
E-Ukraine, amasheya amazambane ahlala anele, futhi ukuthekelisa emazweni amaningi omhlaba akunakwenzeka noma kunzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuphakamisa ithemba lokugcina amanani amazambane ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.
Kepha eMoldova, amasheya amazambane ekhwalithi edingekayo angase abe ngaphansi kunezidingo zemakethe ngesikhathi sasebusika-entwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, abahlanganyeli abaningi bemakethe bathambekele ekukhuphukeni kwentengo yamazambane kuleli zwe. Esinye isici esithakazelisayo senkathi yamazambane amanani aphezulu embewu yamazambane emazweni akulesi sifunda. Isidingo sayo sikhulile, kodwa ukunikezwa kwehlile.