U-Oleg Radin, uMongameli weRoskrakhmalpatoka Association yabakhiqizi baseRussia beStarch kanye neTreacle Products.
Ingxenye yesitashi samazambane njengamanje ithatha isabelo esincane kusakhiwo somkhakha wokukhiqiza isitashi.
Umthamo wemakethe yaseRussia yesitashi samazambane ulinganiselwa kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-28 kuthi u-70% unikezwe ngokungeniswa.
Ngo-2018, iRussia yakhiqiza amathani ayi-10 esitashi samazambane, okungamathani angama-727 ngaphansi konyaka odlule, namathani ayi-96 ngaphezulu kunango-1351. Ngokumelene nesizinda sezinguquko ezithinte, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi sikakolweni, lokhu kushintshashintsha kungabizwa kungabalulekile. Ngokwengxenye, zihlobene neqiniso lokuthi umthamo omkhulu wesitashi samazambane waseRussia ukhiqizwa ngamabhizinisi amancane - osomabhizinisi ngabanye (lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwimikhiqizo yezingxenye zama-confectionery kanye ne-bakery), evela futhi inyamalale ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukusimama kwemakethe nakho kuqinisekiswa ngezinye izibalo. Ngokuyinhloko, ngo-2018, amathani ayizigidi eziyi-18,0 wesitashi amazambane angeniswa eRussia Federation (abahlinzeki abakhulu: iBelarus, iDenmark, iFrance, iJalimane nePoland), cishe ezingeni elifanayo, izimpahla zenziwa eminyakeni eyedlule (amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-18,1). amathani ngo-2017 namathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-16,4 ngo-2016). Amanani wokuthekelisa eminyakeni yamuva nawo awashintshanga kakhulu: ngo-2018 - 1,3 wamathani ayizinkulungwane, ngo-2017 nango-2016 - 1,5 no-1,1 wamathani ayizinkulungwane, ngokulandelana.
Isitashi samazambane esidabuka eRussia ngokwesiko sine-niche eqhathaniswa njalo emakethe yezinto zokusetshenziswa kokudla. Ekhiqizweni luphi uhlobo lwezimpahla lusetshenziswa kakhulu? Yiziphi izidingo zalo ngabathengi? Futhi liyini ikusasa lalo mkhiqizo? Ukuthola izimpendulo ezifanele kuyo yonke le mibuzo, iRoskrakhmalpatoka Association yenze ucwaningo lapho izinkampani ezingama-34 zibambe iqhaza khona - amabhizinisi enyama, ama-confectionery, i-concentrate yokudla, izimboni zokubhaka - abathengi abakhulu besitashi samazambane bomdabu. Phakathi kwabaphendulile, umuntu angabona, isibonelo, u-OOO Russkart, umkhiqizi wemikhiqizo yokudla okulula (umthamo wokusetshenziswa kwesitashi samazambane bomdabu ungamathani ayi-240-250 ngenyanga); I-OJSC Tsaritsyno, inkampani ekhiqiza amasoseji nemikhiqizo yenyama (umthamo wokusetshenziswa kwesitashi samazambane bomdabu ungamathani ayi-100 / ngenyanga); isitshalo sokupakisha inyama "iDubki" (umthamo wokusetshenziswa kwesitashi samazambane bomdabu - amathani angama-60 / inyanga).
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi indawo ezinzile yesitashi samazambane ihlinzekwa ngokuyinhloko imboni yokucubungula inyama. Yilolu hlobo lwesitashi olusetshenziswa ngabakhiqizi ukulungiselela amasoseji abilisiwe nama-hams, eminye imikhiqizo yenyama (isitashi isetshenziswa njengohlobo olungabizi kakhulu lwe-stabilizer futhi ifakiwe kwiresiphi yamagama wemikhiqizo engama-65-70%) nososo (kufakwe iresiphi yemikhiqizo eyi-10-15%). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitashi samazambane somdabu sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ama-confectionery - siyisithako esidingekayo samakhekhe, ama-muffin, nezinye izimpahla ezibhakiwe (ama-10-15% wamagama wemikhiqizo). Kunzima nokukwenza ngaphandle kwesitashi samazambane ekukhiqizeni izingxube zokudla (i-jelly, izinongo, isinongo, isobho), izingxube ze-confectionery (okhilimu, izithasiselo, ukugcwaliswa), ama-noodle (ama-5-10% wamagama wemikhiqizo).
Abenzi bemikhiqizo bakhetha okubiza kakhulu (uma kuqhathaniswa nommbila nokolweni) isitashi samazambane ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokubonakala kahle nokungabonakali.
Siphawula nokuthi iningi lababambe iqhaza kwinhlolokhono (85%) abahlele ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwesitashi samazambane ngokuzayo. Ababili kuphela abaphendulile ababikezela ukuthi kungenzeka bashiye lesi sithako uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ushintsho ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo, futhi munye kuphela ozothatha isitashi sendabuko nalowo oguquliwe maduze (ngoba ukuguqulwa ngentengo ephansi kunezindawo zokubona kangcono).
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi cishe isigamu sabaphenduli (abathengi abayi-15) basebenzisa isitashi samazambane asekhaya emsebenzini wabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ababambiqhaza abayi-9 kuphela abakwaziyo ukubhala amagama amabhizinisi aseRussia abasebenza ngokukhiqiza isitashi samazambane. Okukhulunywa ngakho kakhulu yiPleshcheyev Starch Plant, iChuvashyenkrakhal neMglinsky Starch Plant.
Abahlanganyeli abayi-15 baphinde basabela esicelweni sokuphawula imikhiqizo yabakhiqizi basekhaya. Ngokuvamile, impendulo ehlanganisiwe ingenziwa ngokuthi: "Wonke umuntu unekhwalithi efanayo enhle nenani eliphansi."
Isikhombisi esiyinhloko esithinta ukukhethwa kwemikhiqizo yabakhiqizi abathile basekhaya bezitashi zamazambane, abathengi babiza isilinganiso esihle kakhulu se- "ikhwalithi / intengo". Okulandelayo ngokuya ngokubaluleka kwakuyimibandela yokulethwa nemibandela yokukhokha.
Futhi, kwabaphenduli abangu-34, abangama-29 ngokuzethemba babala abakhiqizi abakhulu bakwamanye amazwe isitashi samazambane. Okuningi okukhulunywa ngakho kwenziwa yi-KMC, Pepees, Roquette, Cargill.
Ocwaningweni lwabathengi bezitashi zamazambane bakwamanye amazwe, wonke umuntu wathi intengo nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngezinqubo eziphambili zokukhetha, imigomo yokulethwa ifikile okwesithathu. Futhi kubathengi abaningi indima ebalulekile idlalwa ukutholakala kwezitifiketi zokuvumelana kwezimpahla.
Izizathu ezibalulekile zokuxineka kwemakethe yesitashi samazambane kwakukhona ababambiqhaza abaningi ababambe iqhaza ekubizweni okubizwa ngokuthi buthakathaka obujwayelekile bezomnotho kanye nokwehla / ukungabikhona kokukhula kokukhiqizwa kokudla okuphikisana nalokhu ngemuva.
Ukuqhubeka nalomcabango, singacabanga ukuthi esikhathini esimaphakathi, lapho kungabikho ukushaqeka okukhulu kwezomnotho, imakethe yesitashi samazambane izohlala isezingeni elingacishe lizinzile, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi nokuthambekela okuphezulu kuzovela ngenxa yokwandiswa kwemikhakha yokusebenzisa. Amathemba entuthuko angaba khona, ngokusho kokubona kwethu, ahlotshaniswa ikakhulu namagatsha amabili embonini yezokudla - isoseji nobisi. Ngasikhathi sinye, owokuqala kufanele abe ngumshayeli oyinhloko wesidingo ngenxa yamandla amakhulu emakethe, futhi indima yalokhu kwamuva izoncika ezintweni eziningana: okokuqala, ekufunweni kwabathengi.
Emnothweni ongazinzile, ukufunwa kungaqala ukuthuthukisa, ngokwesibonelo, ekuqondisweni kwemikhiqizo yokhilimu omuncu noshukela (ukugcwaliswa komkhakha we-confectionery). Lapha, isitashi samazambane asendabuko kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziswa njengendawo yokufaka esikhundleni yempahla ebomvu yobisi ebizayo.
Siyakugcizelela ukuthi kuzona zombili izingxenye - ekukhiqizeni isoseji nemikhiqizo yobisi - isitashi samazambane asetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zomkhiqizo wokugcina, nokuyindlela ehamba phambili emnothweni obucayi.
Kwezinye izimo zezomnotho, isimo siyokhula ngokwemvelo ngendlela ehlukile. Kungenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi isitashi samazambane sizodingeka kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla okunempilo.