USergey Banadysev, Udokotela Wezesayensi Yezolimo, iNhloko yohlelo lokukhethwa kwe-SSC "Doka - Genetic Technologies"
Izindawo zamazambane eNyakatho Melika kulindeleke ukuthi ziwe kakhulu.
Isimo siyashintsha nsuku zonke, kepha amazambane akhula eCanada naseMelika angashaywa kanzima ngo-2020. Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane kungawa ngo-25-30% ngenxa yokudlela evaliwe, ukuncishiswa okubukhali kokusetshenziswa kwama-fries ama-french kanye nomthelela wezomnotho we-COVID-19. ENyakatho Melika, abacashi bokuhlanza bacelwa ukuba batshale phakathi kuka-70 no-75% wokujwayelekile, ezinye izifunda ezinye kanti kuncane. Ukuncishiswa kwendawo kuhlobene nenqubo yamazambane, asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-fries ama-french neminye imikhiqizo yamazambane efriziwe. Amazambane anjalo amelela inqwaba yokukhiqizwa kwamazambane eCanada naseMelika.
Amashumi ezinkulungwane zokudlela njengamanje avaliwe eNyakatho Melika ngenxa yengcuphe yokusabalala kwe-coronavirus. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu baseCanada nabaseMelika badla amafries ambalwa kunokujwayelekile. Umphumela walokhu ukuthi izitshalo ezisebenza ngamazambane zasebenza McCain Ukudla, amapulazi eCavendish kanye ne-JR Simplot bakusikile ukukhiqizwa kwabo kwamafriji, ama-pancake nemikhiqizo yamazambane efriziwe. AbakwaCavendish Farms, abasebenzisa isitshalo samafriji aseFrance ePrince Edward Island, bayalele abalimi bakuleso sifundazwe ukuthi bathengise amazambane ngezinye izinjongo. Kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi izindawo zokudla zizovalwa isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi izidingo zamafries zizolulama nini. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kulindeleke ukuthi kube kubi kuze kube nguMeyi, futhi kungenzeka kuthathe okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuba kubuyele kokujwayelekile, ngokuya ngesibikezelo semboni.
Ama-akhawunti wokupheka ama-85% akho konke ukuthengiswa kwamazambane okubandayo. Ukwehliswa kwevolumu kwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho imboni yamazambane yayilungele ukwanda. Ngenyanga edlule, izitshalo ezisebenzayo zahlela ukuqeda inkontileka yenani elikhudlwana lamahektha amazambane. Ngonyaka ophelile, amaCavendish Farms avule isitshalo esiyizigidi ezingama- $ 400, kwathi uJR Simplot wasebenzisa ama- $ 450 million ukuphinda kabili usayizi wawo. Kuzotshalwa amanye amahektha angama-3500 XNUMX kulo nyaka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezitshalo ezintsha. Futhi abalimi asebetshale imali kakhulu kulokhu ngokuthenga imbewu kanye nomanyolo.
Izidingo zokuthengisa zemikhiqizo yamazambane enamanzi zikhula ngokushesha
Ngenkathi abakhiqizi bezinsizakalo zokudla behlupheka ngenxa yokulahleka kwemali engenayo kanye nezinkampani ezisebenzayo, izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngamakhasimende ezitolo zibhekene ngqo nalokho. Isibonelo esisodwa i-Idahoan Foods Mashed Potato Plant. Lo mkhiqizi wemikhiqizo yamazambane enamanzi uthe ukuthengiswa ngoMashi kunyuke ngo-250%. Le nkampani, ese-Idaho Falls, ingumthengisi oholayo wamazambane abushiwe eMelika. Ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo, i-Idahoan Foods ifuna abasebenzi abayi-100.
I-Dutch Potato Association ihlola izixazululo ekusebenzeni kwamazambane
I-Nederlandse Aardappel Organisatie (NAO, i-Dutch Potato Association) izwakalise ukwesekwa kwayo kumalungu ayo abhekene nezinkinga ezingalindelekile ngenxa yenkinga ye-COVID-19. Kuwebhusayithi yayo, i-NAO iyavuma ukuthi kunezinkampani ezingeke zenze lo msebenzi, ngokwesibonelo, emakethe yamazambane etafuleni, ngenkathi isemakethe yokudla, izimfuno ziphelile, ngakho izinkampani sezime. "Ukumangala nokungaqiniseki yimizwa ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabahlanganyeli. Senza konke okusemandleni ukuxhumana nohulumeni mayelana nalesi simo futhi sizama ukunciphisa umonakalo, ”kusho inhlangano yamazambane eDutch esitatimendeni. Isitokhwe esikhulu samazambane sokuhlaziywa kwezimboni sisongela ukuhlala singabikwa ngenxa yesidingo esikhona, ikakhulukazi embonini yama-chip. Lokhu kwaxoxwa ngakho noNgqongqoshe Wezolimo nabanye ababambisene nabo embonini. Okwamanje kusaxazululwa izixazululo ngokulahlwa kwezitoko ngokwenyama ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini entsha, kanye nokubona ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kutholakale uxhaso lukahulumeni.
Abakhiqizi bezambane lamazambane balindele ukulahleka kwezezimali okuphakathi kuka- € 160 kanye no-200 wezigidi ezingama-80 ezinyangeni ezizayo ngenxa “yokumisa” okungazelelwe kwamathani amazambane ayisigidi. Lokhu kudala izinkinga ezinkulu zezimali abakhiqizi abagxile ekugcinweni kwamazambane isikhathi eside. Umkhakha wezinsiza zokudla (kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe) ubala cishe ama-90% wokuthengisa okuphelele komkhakha wokulungiselela amazambane. Kula masonto amabili edlule, isidingo sehle ngamaphesenti angama-XNUMX ngenxa yokuvalwa kwezindawo zokupheka zomphakathi.
Ama-Ethylene Generators Mahhala
UReverrain, umakhi futhi osabalalisa ubuchwepheshe be-ethylene germination inhibition, umemezele ukuthi manje uhlinzeka ngemishini yayo mahhala ezinkampanini zokugcina amazambane ezinentshisekelo. Izindleko kuphela ezingaba inzwa yeRetrain ye- € 195 nokusetshenziswa kweRontrain. Le nkampani ithi lokhu kuyisenzo esihle kwabatshali abadinga ukugcina amazambane isikhathi eside ngenxa yenhlekelele ebangelwa yi-COVID-19, okumanje icekela phansi imboni emazweni amaningi amakhulu akhiqiza amazambane eYurophu nakwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Isimo eRussia
Ezinyangeni ezedlule, izindaba zobuchwepheshe bokukhula kwamazambane zivele zingaveli endaweni yolwazi lomhlaba, zinikeze indlela yokuhlaziywa kwesimo namathemba ezimakethe maqondana nomqedazwe we-coronavirus. Yini okufanele uyenze ngamazambane angakwazi ukucutshungulwa kuma-chips nama-fries, nokuthi ungahlela kanjani isizini elandelayo yensimu? Lezi yizinkinga eziyinkinga ezinkulu ohlelweni lokukhiqiza izinkontileka phesheya nase-EU. Ukwehla okuhleliwe kokusebenza kwezimboni kuqalwa ngama-20-30% ngesizini ka-2020 ukuya ku-2021 ngokusobala kuzobonakala kwizivumelwano zokuthengwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe eRussia, uma lo bhubhane luqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, okungenani. Akukho lutho oluzwakala kusuka kubaprosesa esidlangalaleni ngalokhu, kodwa kumele siqonde ukuthi lezi yizinkampani zamazwe ahlukahlukene ezinenqubomgomo efanayo nezinqubomgomo zokusebenza, kungakhathalekile ukuthi sihlala kuphi lesi sitshalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamazambane amasha kwimikhiqizo yezitolo nokuyiphela yokuphekela ekhaya kukhule muva nje emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhakha uzoba uzinze kangakanani ukuhlela ukwanda kwendawo ehlwanyelwayo? Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezandayo zomkhakha wezentengiso, amanani omkhiqizo asethuthukile emkhakheni omkhulu kakhulu anele. Kulokhu, isicelo soMnyango Wezolimo ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwemifino ngo-2020 ngama-25% (kulokhu, umhlangano okhethekile wabanjwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli) sidonsela ukunaka. Ungayandisa, kepha emva kwalokho yini? Njengoba kumakwe ukwehla kwemali engenayo ngo-17% kwikota yesibili, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uma ucubungula lokhu futhi ubhekene nemiphumela yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngokuzithandela, ingxenye eyakhayo yabantu izonyusa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane neminye imifino ezindaweni zama-dachas nasezingadini zemifino. Futhi lokhu ngeke kwandise, kepha kunciphisa isidingo samazambane ezitolo. Umkhakha wangempela wezomnotho ulindele ukuthi uhulumeni angafaki izikhalo ezinjengomlilo, kodwa izindlela ezicacile nezifanelekile zokusekela nokukhulisa hhayi ukukhiqizwa okuningi njengokuthenga kwamandla ezweni. Ukwelula amaketanga wokuthengisa ukukhulisa amanani nokuhenda onembeza bawo akwanele. Isikhathi sokudlulela esigabeni sephrofeshinali sokulawulwa kwezimali ezinkulu zamakhemikhali futhi samukele imithetho eqinile yokunciphisa imikhawulo yokuhweba kumifino, nayo yonke eminye imikhiqizo yokudla, ekuqinisekisweni konyaka kwamanani entengo ephansi aqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwezindleko ezinkulu ezisebenza ezweni. Kepha azikho izinguquko ezilindelekile nezindaba ngale ndaba. Ngakho-ke, umuntu angathemba nje kuphela ukuthi abadlali bezimakethe abakhona kanye nalabo abangase babe ngabatshali bezimali emakethe ethengisayo eyonqaba emakethe yezentengiso bayokwenqaba ukuphindaphinda iphutha lika-2011, lapho wonke umuntu egijimela ukuzokhulisa amazambane ngemuva kwesomiso esinamandla sango-2010 kanye nokushoda kwezitshalo okube khona kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani. Amavolumu abe esekhuphuka ngasikhathi sinye, kodwa amanani entengo ehla ngendlela yokuthi wonke umuntu usakhumbula lokhu.