Isimo sezulu esipholile ekuqaleni kwesizini esinomswakama owanele sinikela ekukhuleni okusebenzayo kwesifo se-rhizoctonia kumazambane, noma utwayi olumnyama (umenzeli we-causative uyikhowe I-Rhizoctonia solani Kühn). Lesi sifo sithinta izilimo eziyizigaxa zembewu kanye namahlumela lapho kugcinwa khona, izithombo zamazambane ensimini, izisekelo zeziqu, izimpande, izitimela kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo esisha. I-Rhizoctoniasis iyingozi ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokukhula kwamazambane: ukuvela kwezithombo kubambezelekile, izilimo eziyizigaxa zingafa ngaphandle kokwenza izithombo, noma zinikeze amahlumela abuthakathaka. Kulokhu, ukutshala amazambane kuncishiswe kakhulu.
I-ejenti entsha yokugqoka i-fungicidal SERKADIS evela kwi-BASF ilawula ngempumelelo i-rhizoctonia futhi iqinisekisa isivuno sezinga eliphakeme lamazambane. I-SERKADIS ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-rhizoctonia e-Urals naseSiberia, lapho izimo zezulu zivame ukufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwalesi sifo.
Amazambane wekhwalithi ye-premium nge-SERCADIS
Ukwehlulwa kokutshalwa kwamazambane nge-rhizoctonia kuholela hhayi kuphela ekwehliseni isivuno. Ukuthuthuka kwalesi sifo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kokuthengiseka kwamazambane kanye nekhwalithi yembewu yezilimo eziyizigaxa. Imiphumela yokutheleleka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezine-fungus i-Rhizoctonia solani ibonakala ngokuqhekeka, ukusonteka, ukwehla kwesivuno sezingxenyana ezithengiswayo, kanye nokuwohloka kokubukeka (uqweqwe olumnyama, i-net necrosis).
Ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza kukhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-SERKADIS kunikeza ukuvikelwa okusebenzayo kwi-rhizoctonia. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-SERKADIS ayinayo imiphumela yokulibazisa. Isidakamizwa asivimbeli ukuthuthukiswa kwamazambane kusaqalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-SERKADIS, isivuno sezilimo eziyizigaxa ezithengiswayo sanda kakhulu (bheka i-Fig. 1).
Ukulinganisela kokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokukhetha
Amalungiselelo anamuhla enze ukuthi kube nokwenzeka kakhulu ukwandisa inqubo yokugqoka izilimo eziyizigaxa ngesikhathi sokutshala, futhi le ndlela isetshenziswe kabanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela yokugcotshwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela zonke izakhiwo zomuthi, ngoba inani lama-fungicidal dressing agents lingavalwa emhlabathini, liboleke ngama-microorganisms futhi libe nokusabalala okubuthakathaka kwesitshalo. Kwaphawulwa futhi ukuthi izidakamizwa eziningi zinomthelela omubi esitshalweni uqobo, sinciphisa ukuhluma noma sinciphise ukukhula kwamazambane ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokukhula, noma zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngemithi elwa nezifo.
Imiphumela yokusebenzisa i-SERKADIS ekukhiqizeni ikhombisile ukuthi, ngemuva kwesizinda sokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwemvelo, umuthi unokukhetha okuphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amazambane awacindezelekile ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-SERKADIS. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho kusetshenzwa iSerkadis ngesikhathi sokutshala, isiko lakha amahlumela afanayo (bheka i-Fig. 2 ne-3).
"Ngo-2019, safaka iSerkadis kumahektha ayi-100 amazambane embewu ngokufafaza izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nangaphansi komsele ngomshini wokutshala," wabelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe nomphathi weSerkadis i-agronomist LLC "iValmix" (isifunda saseMoscow) N. V. AmaDonets. - Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo iRhizoctonia kwizilimo eziyizigaxa akubonwanga, sabona umphumela omuhle wokusheshisa ukukhula kwesitshalo. Awukho umphumela wokulibala owaphawulwa, kunalokho, kunomphumela ovuselelayo. Amazambane anokugqoka kweSergadis aqala ukuvuna ngenhloso yokuhlwanyela imbewu ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngaphambili. "
XEMIUM® - i-SDHI eqinile-component enhliziyweni ye-SERKADIS
Umelaphi we-Sercadis usekelwe kwisithako se-KSEMIUM (fluxapiroxad) - ukwakhiwa kwamuva kwe-BASF ekilasini lamakhemikhali lama-carboxamides. I-BASF iyiphayona ekuthuthukiseni izinto ezisebenzayo zalesi sigaba namalungiselelo asuselwa kuwo. I-XEMIUM ingeyesizukulwane esisha eqenjini lama-succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI-fungicides). Emzimbeni we-pathogen, i-XEMIUM icindezela izinqubo zokuphefumula, ngenxa yalokho i-fungus ilahlekelwa yimithombo yayo yokudla bese iyafa.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-XEMIUM inezinto zombili ezincibilika emanzini nezincibilikayo ezinamafutha. Lokhu kungenxa yesici sokwakheka kwamangqamuzana. Ngokwenzayo, lokhu kuvumela isithako esisebenzayo ukuthi sihambisane ngenkuthalo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yokuncibilika kwamanzi, i-XEMIUM inyakaza ngamandla ezindongeni zeseli nangesistimu yemithambo yezitshalo, kuyilapho izakhiwo zayo ezincibilika ngamafutha zivumela into ukuthi ingene engxenyeni ye-wax bese ilungisa lapho ukuze ivikelwe isikhathi eside.
Lula ukukhiqizwa
Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zesithako esisebenzayo, i-SERKADIS ingasetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela yokuthwebula. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa (isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa 0,2-0,25 l / t) noma ukufafaza umsele ngesikhathi sokutshala (isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa esingu-0,7-0,83 l / ha). Izindlela zokusebenzisa i-SERKADIS zikhonjisiwe ku-Figure 4.
Isithako esisebenzayo se-SERKADIS sisatshalaliswa ngokuhlelekile esitshalweni ngenxa yenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezakhiwo ze-lipophilic ne-hydrophilic ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kancane kancane komuthi kusuka kwizilimo eziyizigaxa zomama kanye nendawo yezimpande zesitshalo se-tuber zibe izithombo, izitimela kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezisanda kwakhiwa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwamazambane ezifweni ezinde futhi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Umdwebo wesikimu ukhombisa izinketho zokusetha imibhobho ku-planter yamazambane. I-Variant A (I-Fig. Ngenhla) - imibhobho iqondiswe ngendlela yokuthi umuthi ushaye kuphela i-tuber, eqinisekisa ukumbozwa okuphelele kwe-tuber ngento esebenzayo. Ukusetshenziswa komuthi kubalwa ngokususelwa kokujwayelekile kwethoni ngayinye yezilimo eziyizigaxa (0,2 - 0,25 l / t). Inketho B (Umdwebo ngezansi) - imibhobho isethelwe ukufafaza i-tuber nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngemuva kokushiya umshini wokutshala. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uhlakule kahle inhlabathi ezungeze i-tuber. Izinga le-SERKADIS kuleli cala libalwa ngokususelwa kuzincomo zokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa ehektheleni ngalinye (0,7 - 0,83 l / ha). Ukusetshenziswa kwe-SERKADIS ngokusho kwazo zombili izikimu kukhombisa ukusebenza ngokufana kokuphilayo, futhi ukukhetha kwendlela yokuthwebula kuncike kuzimpawu zendlela yokusebenza nemikhuba epulazini.
N. V. Donets, isazi sezolimo namahlathi seValmiks LLC (esifundeni saseMoscow):
“Ngokuvamile, izitshalo zamazambane ezazigqokwa nge-SERKADIS zazibukeka zinamandla amakhulu, isivuno sengxenyana esithengiswayo sasiphezulu, ukumiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kwakungu-5% noma ngaphezulu ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Kudonselwa ukunakekelwa okukhulu kwezimpande, ikakhulukazi izimpande zesibili, ezithinta ukondleka kwesitshalo. "