Ukumuncwa umsoco yisitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula akulingani. Njengoba izigaba ze-phenological ziqhubeka, isidingo sesilinganiso esithile sezakhi siyashintsha, okusho ukuthi esigabeni ngasinye esibucayi sokukhula isitshalo sidinga imithamo yaso ethize yama-macro, meso kanye nama-microelements.
Amazambane adinga kakhulu ezimweni ezikhulayo, ikakhulukazi ekudleni okunamaminerali. Futhi lokhu ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yesidingo esikhulu samaminerali, asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwawo wonke umthamo we-biomass. Ukumuncwa kwenani elikhulu le-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium kanye nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwezinto ezomile kubangela umsebenzi osebenzayo wazo zonke izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezitshalo. Futhi ukugcina ukusebenza kwalezi zinqubo ezingeni elifanele, amazambane adinga inani elithile lama-microelements.
Esinye sezixazululo zenkinga yokuhlinzeka izitshalo ngemithamo edingekayo yama-microelements ukwengeza lawa ma-microelements ngendlela yamasawoti ahlanzekile anomanyolo we-foliar. Kodwa-ke, lesi silinganiso sihlotshaniswa nobunzima obuningi bezobuchwepheshe obubangelwa izakhiwo ze-physicochemical zezixazululo eziwumphumela (ukuphikisana nama-ion, ukungahambisani nezinye izidakamizwa, ukubukeka kwe-sediment, ukwehla kokusebenza kwezinto eziphilayo). Ukucabangela lokhu, kulula futhi kunenzuzo eyengeziwe ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo enziwe ngomumo asekelwe kuma-microelements, aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukondla ama-foliar.
Ukukhetha okunzima
Manje kukhona uhla olukhulu lwezidakamizwa emakethe ezinokuqukethwe okuhluke ngokuphelele kanye nezilinganiso zama-microelements. Ingxenye ebalulekile yale mikhiqizo itholakala emhlabeni wonke futhi ayigxili ezidingweni zesitshalo ngasinye ukuze uthole imithamo enembile yama-microelements. Umbuzo wokubala imithamo edingekayo yama-microelements wesivuno esihleliwe nawo uhlala uvulekile, kucatshangelwa ukuhlinzekwa kwezitshalo ezinama-macro- kanye nama-mesoelements adingekayo, nokuba khona kwenani elanele lomswakama.
Indlela entsha
Ochwepheshe benkampani ye-Bion benze izincomo zokuphakelwa kwamaqabunga amazambane ngesethi ethile yama-microelements. Izibalo bezisuselwa esidingweni samazambane kuma-microelements esigabeni esibucayi sokukhula, kucatshangelwa izinguquko ku-dynamics yokusetshenziswa njengoba i-potato ontogenesis iqhubeka. Izinkomba zesivuno esihleliwe nazo zacatshangelwa (okuhlanganisa idatha ngokutholakala komswakamo otholakalayo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezakhi ezinkulu (NPK) kanye ne-meso- (MgSCa) ezitshalweni).
Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-Bion-Intellect Potato lokudla kwamaqabunga lwavela (Umfanekiso 1). Leli iqoqo lamalungiselelo oketshezi aqukethe ama-microelements ayisisekelo ayisithupha (i-Zn, i-Mo, i-Cu, i-Mn, i-B, i-Fe) efomini le-chelated, kanye ne-fulvate-humate complex kanye nesethi yama-amino acid. Kumazambane, amaphuzu ayisithupha okufaka isicelo abalulekile (Fig. 2), futhi esigabeni ngasinye sokukhula ukulungiswa okuhlukile kwadalwa ngesilinganiso esiyingqayizivele sama-microelements.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi enhlabathini ehlukene kanye nezimo zezulu, izitshalo zinamandla ahlukene esivuno; kucatshangelwa lokhu, imithamo yobuningi yezidakamizwa iyalungiswa. Amazinga okufaka isicelo awo wonke amalungiselelo ohlelweni lwe-Bion-Intellect Potato nutrition ayehluka ngokuya ngenkomba yesivuno esinikeziwe (ehluka ukusuka ku-300 kuya ku-800 c/ha); ithebula elikhethekile lenzelwe le njongo.
Ithiyori esekelwa umkhuba
Indlela yesayensi yokwakha uhlelo lokudla okunomsoco ayivumeli nje kuphela ukusebenzisa izinsiza zikamanyolo ezikhona kakade, kodwa futhi, ngokuthuthukisa amaphethini okudla okunomsoco, ukwandisa imbuyiselo yezomnotho ehektheleni ngalinye. Lo mphumela watholakala phakathi neminyaka emibili yokusebenza (2019-2020) epulazini le-Agro Ramon LLC esifundeni saseRamonsky esifundeni saseVoronezh. Ipulazi litshala amazambane ngaphansi kokunisela; minyaka yonke lenza ucwaningo lwe-agrochemical enhlabathini, ngesisekelo lapho kwakhiwa khona uhlelo lokudla okunempilo futhi kubalwa imithamo edingekayo kamanyolo. Ochwepheshe be-Bion, kanye nezazi zezolimo namahlathi, bahlaziya imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-agrochemical yamasimu amazambane, benza izinhlelo zokudla okunomsoco ukuze bathole isivuno esihleliwe, bakhetha imithamo efanelekile kanye nezinhlobo zikamanyolo wamaminerali, baphinde bahlola uhlelo lwe-Bion-Intellect Potato micronutrient foliar foliar.
Uhlelo lokudla okunempilo kwelinye lamasimu ngo-2020 lwalubukeka kanje: cishe u-230 kg/ha wengxube kamanyolo i-NPK 14-40-7 + Zn (0,8%) kanye ne-465 kg/ha ye-potassium chloride yasetshenziswa ekutshaleni ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. ; bese kuthi uma uhlwanyela - 620 kg/ha wengxube kamanyolo NPKS 8-20-30-2. Phakathi nesizini, ukufakwa komanyolo okuyisithupha kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isistimu yokuchelela eyindilinga, ngakho-ke, isamba esingu-343 kg/ha ye-UAN-32 kanye ne-93 kg/ha ye-ammonium sulfate yasetshenziswa. Lolu hlelo lokuphakela lwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola isivuno sokulawula esingu-408,1 c/ha (ngemuva kokulinganiswa).
Ukusebenzisa ama-foliar ayisithupha e-Bion-Intellect Potatoes phakathi nenkathi yokukhula kwenyusa lesi sivuno safinyelela ku-448,1 c/ha (ngemuva kokulinganisa). Ngenxa yokondleka okwengeziwe phakathi nenkathi yokukhula, kwaba nokwanda okukhulayo kwento eyomile, eyabhalwa ekukhethweni okuphakathi (Fig. 3). Ngezindleko zamazambane zama-ruble angu-10/kg, inzuzo yezomnotho evela ku-40,1 c/ha eyengeziwe yayingama-ruble angu-40, inzuzo engu-100%, eyayihlanganisa ngokugcwele izindleko ezengeziwe ezenziwe ngokudla kwamaqabunga.
Ukwenza kahle kakhulu uhlelo lokudla kwamazambane kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokugcwele amandla ofuzo esivuno sesivuno. Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-foliar kuyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bokulima okujulile, futhi ukwethulwa kwesethi elinganiselayo futhi enengqondo yama-microelements kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokudla okuyisisekelo kwamaminerali, isitshalo sinikezwa izinto eziyindlala kuso, isivuno sokugcina ngehektha ngalinye. iyakhula futhi ukulahlekelwa okuvela ekugcinweni kuyancishiswa ngokwenza ngcono izinga lesivuno esiwumphumela.
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