Ochwepheshe be-Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" www.ab-centre.ru walungisa ucwaningo lokumaketha emakethe yaseRussia ngezinto zokusetshenziswa nezolimo ngo-2001-2020.
Ngezansi kunezingcaphuno ezivela emsebenzini wokuthunyelwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezolimo nokudla okuvela eRussia.
Ukuthunyelwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezolimo nokudla okuvela eRussia ngonyaka ka-2019 kufinyelela kuma-USD 24 wezigidi, okuyisilinganiso esingaphansi kwesibalo sonyaka wezi-741,4 (ngo-2018% noma nge-USD 0,6 million).
* - Ngaphansi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zokulima nokudla kulokhu, sisho izimpahla ezifakwe emaqenjini ezimpahla kusuka ku-01 kuya ku-24, izingxenye ze-TN VED kusuka ku-I kuye ku-IV (bheka incwadi eyinkomba yamakhodi we-TN VED).
Amanothi:
Isigaba I - Izilwane Eziphilayo; imikhiqizo yemvelaphi yezilwane.
Isigaba II - Imikhiqizo yemifino.
Isigaba III - Amafutha ezilwane noma zemifino kanye namafutha nemikhiqizo yazo yokuhlanza; amafutha alungiswayo adliwayo; izigaxa zezilwane noma zemifino.
Isigaba IV - Imikhiqizo yokudla okulungiselelwe; iziphuzo ezidakayo nezingadakwa kanye neviniga obambela ugwayi nogwayi (bheka. incwadi eyinkomba yamakhodi we-HS).
Emaqenjini amaningi womkhiqizo, iRussia ngonyaka ka-2019 yandise kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe. Ukudideka kwezinkomba ezijwayelekile kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kokuthengiswa kwezimpahla (imikhiqizo ngokuya ngekhodi le-HS 10). Lokhu kungenxa yamanani aphansi ezitshalo ngonyaka we-2018, obe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kokuhweba kwangaphandle engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019.
Ngokwemiphumela yango-2020, kungenzeka ukuthi, ngamanani wedola, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezolimo nokudla okuvela e-Russian Federation, ngenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kwe-ruble, nakho kuzothuthuka. Kodwa-ke, ngamanani wenyama (ngamathani), ukuthunyelwa kulindeleke ukuthi kwandise izinhlobo eziningi zezimpahla.
Okwamanje, ukungeniswa kokudla ngamanani wenani kusadlula ukuthengiswa kwabo, kepha kancane kancane leligebe liyancipha. Njengoba kulindelwe esikhungweni i-AB Center, ngenkathi kugcinwa amandla amanje, ukulethwa kokudla okuthekelisa kungadlula ukulethwa kokulethwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze (ngo-2020-2022).
Indima yemikhiqizo yezolimo emthamo ophelele wokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe eRussia eminyakeni yamuva ikhule kakhulu.
Isakhiwo sezimboni zezolimo ngenye yemikhakha embalwa yomkhakha wangempela wezomnotho eRussia Federation ekhula ngempumelelo futhi enemikhiqizo enokuncintisana ezimakethe zomhlaba. Ngo-2016-2019. isabelo semikhiqizo yokudla esilinganisweni esiphelele sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eRussia, ngokusho kwe-AB-Center, sicishe sibe ngu-5,5-6,0%, kanti emuva ngo-2001-2013. ayengeqi ku-3,4% (futhi kweminye iminyaka yayingaphansi kuka-2,0%).
Izindatshana ezibalulekile ekuhanjisweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezolimo nokudla okuvela eRussia ngonyaka ka-2019:
1. Ukolweni (imikhiqizo ngokuya nge-HS code 10). Lokhu ikakhulukazi ukolweni, ibhali kanye nommbila. Ngokwezinga elincane kakhulu, kuthunyelwa irayisi, i-rye, i-buckwheat nama-oats kusuka eRussia. Ngo-2019, ukuthunyelwa okusanhlamvu okuvela e-Russian Federation ngamanani entengo kwafinyelela kuma-32,0% wempahla ephelele yezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezolimo nokudla phesheya (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-39 313,4 ngenani lama-USD 7 908,5 wezigidi). Ngo-2018, isabelo sokusanhlamvu kokudiliva okuphelele sikhulu kakhulu futhi safinyelela kuma-42,0% (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-54 ngenani lama-USD 814,5 wezigidi).
2. Imithombo, uwoyela wemifino, uwoyela, isidlo nezinye izinsalela eziqinile ezitholakala ngokukhishwa kawoyela wemifino. Le mikhiqizo iveza ukulethwa kohlaka lwamaqembu womkhiqizo akhulisiwe (amakhodi we-HS) njengo-12, 15 no-23 ngokulandelana. Inani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwempahla engenhla, ngokuya ngokubalwa kwe-Ab-Center, lalingama-5 687,6 USD USD (23,0% yenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezolimo nokudla). Ukuqhathanisa, ngonyaka we-2018, izinkomba zazisezingeni le-4 million USD (516,8%).
3. Izinhlanzi nezinhlanzi zasolwandle (Ikhodi ye-HS 03). Ukudiliva okuthunyelwa kuleli qembu lomkhiqizo ngonyaka ka-2019 kulinganiselwa ku-USD 4 wezigidi (698,9%). Ngo-19,0, inani lokukhishwa kwezinhlanzi nezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezivela eRussia Federation lalingama-USD 2018 wezigidi (4%).
Ingqikithi ye-TOP-3 yamaqembu womkhiqizo enwetshiwe, ngokuya kokuqagelwa kwe-AB-Center, okunikezwe ngo-2019 73,9% wako konke ukulethwa ngamanani wenani.
Izinto ezilandelayo nazo zingaphawulwa:
4. I-chocolate kanye nenye i-confectionery equkethe i-cocoa (Ikhodi ye-TN VED 18) - 2,9%.
5. Imikhiqizo eqediwe okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, ufulawa, isitashi noma ubisi; ufulawa confectionery (TN VED ikhodi 19) - 2,8%.
6. Iziphuzo zotshwala nezingadakiwe (Ikhodi ye-TN VED 22) - 2,5%
7. Inyama (Ikhodi ye-TN VED 02) - 2,4%. Qaphela ukuthi le ndawo iyathuthuka. Ngonyaka odlule, isabelo senyama sasingu-1,6%, ngo-2013 - kuphela u-0,2%.
8. Ugwayi (Ikhodi ye-TN VED 24) - 2,2%.
9. Ushukela (Ikhodi ye-TN VED 17) - 2,1%.
10. Imifino (Ikhodi ye-TN VED 07) - 1,9%. Ngokubona kwethu, uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwezimpahla ngokwe-TN VED alubonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi isithombe sangempela.
Eqinisweni, isisekelo sokudiliva ngaphansi kwekhodi 07 ngamapisi namachwane, asondele kakhulu kun okusanhlamvu kunemifino.
Noma kunjalo, ekuhlukaniselweni kwezimpahla ngokuya ngamakhodi we-HS, lezi zimpahla zihlukaniswa ngemifino. Ukuthunyelwa kwemifino ngqo (ngomqondo ojwayelekile wegama) kusuka kwiRussian Federation kumazinga aphansi.
Kubalulekile! Izibalo zokuhweba zakwamanye amazwe zalungiswa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi i-database yezibalo zamasamba i-VEDLORD.
umbhali: U-Alexey plugov, Ph.D.