Ngesikhathi sokukhula, amazambane asabela kahle ekuniseleni, kodwa isidingo sawo somswakama ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuthuthukiswa akufani. Isibonelo, umswakama ophansi wenhlabathi (65 - 70% weMPV) ngaphambi kokuhluma kanye nangesikhathi sokuhluma kwawo uyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwezimpande olunamandla olungena lujule emhlabathini, olungenakonakala ngesikhathi sokutshala phakathi kwemigqa. Futhi, ukukhula okuhle kwezimpande kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukumunca kangcono umsoco emhlabathini.
Ngesikhathi sokunisela, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa iziteshi zesimo sezulu ezinezinzwa zomhlabathi. Izinzwa zomhlabathi zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezenzekayo njengamanje enhlabathini, ukuthi umswakama udliwa kanjani uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo nokuthi yimaphi amandla.
Isiteshi se-ET0 kanye nenzwa yephrofayela
Ngomhla zingama-27 kuNhlangulana, abasebenzi be-Metos LLC bafake isethi yesiteshi sesimo sezulu ukuze baqaphe ibhalansi yamanzi kanye nomswakama otholakala enhlabathini emkhakheni wepulazi le-AgroAlliance - NN LLC lokutshala amazambane.
Isiteshi sesimo sezulu i-ET0 sifakwe isethi yezinzwa ezilandelayo:
- Logger yokudlulisa idatha kuplathifomu yamafu,
- Ukulinganisa kwemvula,
- Izinzwa zokushisa komoya kanye nomswakama,
- Inzwa ephelele yemisebe yelanga,
- I-anemometer ye-Ultrasonic yesivinini somoya nesiqondiso.
Ngokuhambisana nezincomo ze-FAO, yilolu hlobo lwemishini ekuvumela ukuthi ubale ireferensi kanye ne-evapotranspiration yangempela (inani lomswakama elihwamukile esikhathini esithile esinikeziwe ebusweni bamaqabunga ezitshalo nomhlabathi).
Inzwa yephrofayili yokuqukethwe komswakama we-volumetric emhlabathini nayo ixhunywe esiteshini. Inzuzo yalolu hlobo lwenzwa yikhono lokuqapha ngenkuthalo umswakama wenhlabathi otholakalayo ngamasentimitha angu-10. Esimeni samanje, ukujula kokulawula okungama-60 cm kwakhethwa ukuqapha indawo esebenzayo yezimpande zamazambane phakathi nezigaba ezibucayi zenkathi yokukhula. Izinzwa zokuqukethwe komswakamo we-Volumetric zibonisa amanani ku-%: lapho u-1% kusendlalelo esithile angahunyushwa abe ngu-1 mm kusendlalelo esingu-10 cm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe bethu bakhetha imodeli ebizayo kodwa yekhwalithi ephezulu enephutha lokulinganisa elingaphansi kuka-1%. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenza nenhlabathi ekhanyayo, lapho umswakama otholakalayo ungaba phansi kakhulu (4-7 mm). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, amaphutha ezinzwa angu-2-3% noma ngaphezulu angakwazi ukuphikisa ukubaluleka kwawo kanye nokubaluleka kokufundwa okunjalo. Amazambane atshalwe cishe ngoMeyi 24. Isiteshi sesimo sezulu esinenzwa yenhlabathi yephrofayili yakwaSentek safakwa enkundleni ngomhlaka-27 Juni. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesiteshi sezulu kanye nenzwa yomhlabathi kusukela ngoJuni 28 kuya kuJulayi 12, singaqonda ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yezimpande kwenzeka kanjani nokuthi ukusetshenziswa komswakama okunamandla kwenzeka kanjani ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi.
Ishadi 1
Kugrafu (Igrafu. 1) singabona ukuguquguquka okulandelayo kokusetshenziswa komswakama ngesitshalo somswakama otholakalayo. Isistimu yezimpande zesitshalo ithuthukiswe kahle kakhulu, njengoba ukusetshenziswa komswakama otholakalayo kwenzeka kusuka ekujuleni kuka-0 - 50 cm. Indawo yezimpande esebenzayo itholakala ekujuleni okungaba ngu-20 - 40 cm.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okusebenzayo kungenxa yokuthi esikhathini kusukela ngoJulayi 3 kuya kuJulayi 9 (Igrafu 2) kwaba nokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ekujuleni kuka-0 - 40 cm, ngenxa yalokho isitshalo saqala ukusebenzisa umswakama otholakalayo. .
Ishadi 2
Ukwehla komswakama we-volumetric enhlabathini akuthintwa nje kuphela inqubo yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi yisitshalo, kodwa futhi nokuhwamuka. Phakathi nenkathi kusukela ngoJulayi 3 kuya kuJulayi 9 (Igrafu. 3), cishe u-25 mm womswakama otholakalayo wahwamuka ebusweni beqabunga nomhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, lapho sihlela ukwenza ukuchelela okulandelayo, kubalulekile ukunaka hhayi kuphela ukuthi umswakama ongakanani osele enhlabathini, kodwa futhi nokuthi umswakama ongakanani okhuphuka emkhathini, ukuze lapho kukhethwa izinga lokunisela, sinxephezele. ngomswakama olahlekile hhayi kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuhwamuka.
Ishadi 3
Futhi, lapho sisebenza nenzwa yomhlabathi, sinethuba lokumisa "imigqa yesabelomali". Lo msebenzi ikuvumela ukuba uhlole ngokushesha isimo somswakama otholakalayo wesitshalo bese ukhetha amazinga okuchelela alungile.
Ishadi 4
Ukunaka igrafu (Igrafu. 4), singasho ukuthi isitshalo sikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokukhula nokuthuthuka (Indawo eluhlaza). Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kusukela ngoJulayi 3 kuya kuJulayi 9, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okusebenzayo yisitshalo kubonakala, ngenxa yokuthi ngalezi zinsuku kwakukhona ukufundwa kokushisa komoya okuphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba nokuphefumula okuphezulu komswakama emkhathini, futhi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi nalo lenyuka. Imvula ethathe isikhathi eside, eqale ngoJulayi 9 futhi yahlala kwaze kwaba uJulayi 12, yaqoshwa isiteshi sezulu ngenani elilinganiselwa ku-94 mm. Ngenxa yokunetha komkhathi, umswakama we-volumetric enhlabathini ukhuphuke kakhulu kangangokuthi ungene endaweni egcwele amanzi (indawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Ngenxa yalokhu, asikho isidingo sokunisela ngesonto elizayo.
Ezigabeni ezihlukene zenkathi yokukhula, ukuntuleka kanye nomswakama oweqile kunomthelela omubi ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesitshalo.
Ngenxa yesiteshi esifakiwe kanye nenzwa, sinethuba lokubala ibhalansi yamanzi, kanye nomswakama otholakala esitshalweni. Lolu lwazi, kuhlangene nezimo zezulu ezilindelekile, inkathi yokukhula, ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi, nemishini yokunisela, kuvumela ukucutshungulwa kahle kwamazinga okunisela.
Izinhloso zokwesekwa kwezolimo kanye neprojekthi
Kusukela kuleli sonto, sihlela ukushicilela umbiko wamasonto onke njengengxenye yokusekelwa kwezolimo. Ngokusekela kwezolimo sisho ukusebenzelana okusebenzayo kochwepheshe bethu nabasebenzi basemapulazini abanomthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nokudala kokubili isithombe esisebenzayo nesiphelele sendawo yokulawula ekhethiwe. Esimweni sethu, sikhuluma ngezindaba zokuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi, ibhalansi yamanzi kanye nokwandisa ukuchelela.