Kusuka kumagazini: No. 3 2016
Isigaba: Isifunda
Indawo: 76624 km2
Inani labantu: Bangu-3 abantu, abangama-260% kubo bangabahlali bedolobha.
Isikhundla sendawo: Isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod sisemngceleni osenyakatho-ntshonalanga nesifunda saseKostroma, enyakatho-mpumalanga - nesifunda saseKirov, empumalanga - namaRiphabhulikhi aseMari El naseChuvashia, eningizimu - neRiphabhlikhi yaseMordovia, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - nesifunda saseRyazan, entshonalanga - nesifunda saseVladimir kanye nezifunda zase-Ivanovo.
Isimo sezulu izwekazi elipholile, elinobusika obubandayo, obude kanye nehlobo elifushane nelifudumele. Umehluko omkhulu esimweni sezulu uvela emgqeni osenyakatho-eningizimu, phakathi kwesifunda saseVolga kanye neBhange Lokunene. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile liyahlukahluka ukusuka ku-3.0ºC enyakatho kuya ku-4.5ºC eningizimu yesifunda. Phakathi nonyaka, imvula engaba ngu-600-650 mm iwa esifundeni saseVolga kanye no-500-550 mm eBhange Langakwesokudla, kanye nokubili kokuthathu ngendlela yemvula. Kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuMeyi, imimoya eseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ibusa esifundeni, futhi ezinyangeni zasehlobo - enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Isivinini somoya esimaphakathi sonyaka singu-3-4 m/s.
Impumuzo: isifunda sitholakala maphakathi ne-East European Plain. Insimu ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezicishe zilingane: indawo ephansi yehlathi iTrans-Volga (enendawo engamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-42.2) kanye nesifunda saseVolga esicishe singabi nasihlahla.
Inhlabathi: inhlabathi ye-sod-podzolic ne-podzolic (66% yendawo); ihlathi elimpunga lihlala ku-16,3%; i-chernozemic 7,9%; indawo etholakala nezikhukhula ze-alluvial 3,6%; marsh kanye Peat 6,2%.
Indawo yezolimo: 3059,7 izinkulungwane zamahektha
Umsebenzi oyinhloko obhekene nabasebenzi endaweni yezimboni ze-agro-industrial esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod ukuxazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga zokuzanelisa kwesifunda ngemikhiqizo yokudla eyisisekelo. Futhi amazambane esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod aphakathi kwezitshalo zezolimo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi asetshenziselwa izinjongo zokudla nokudla, futhi abuye abe yimpahla eluhlaza embonini yokucubungula.
Ngokusekela ukukhula kwamazambane esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod
Kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2016, kuhlelwe ukuthi kuhlinzekwe uxhaso kubakhiqizi bezolimo ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukwesekwa okungahlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwembewu yamazambane kanye nemifino evulekile. Imixhaso izokhishwa ngehektha elilodwa lendawo etshaliwe ehlala imbewu yamazambane kanye nemifino yasemhlabathini evulekile. Ukuhlinzekwa kwalokhu kusekelwa kombuso kulawulwa yiSimemezelo sikaHulumeni wesifunda saseNizhny Novgorod No.
Izinhlangano eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-Agroindustrial ezibandakanya ukulima amazambane zinelungelo lokuthola uxhaso lokubuyisela ingxenye yezinga lenzalo yemali mboleko yesikhashana kanye neyokutshalwa kwezimali edonswe ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane ngokuhambisana neSimemezelo sikaHulumeni waseRussia Federation sangomhla zingama-28.12.2012 kuZibandlela, 1460 No. 25.03.2013 kanye Nezinqumo Zikahulumeni Wesifunda SaseNizhny Novgorod zangoMashi 173, 02.11.2012 No. 781, zangomhla zi-XNUMX No. XNUMX.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Federal Target Program "Ukuthuthukiswa Kokubuyiselwa Kwezindawo Zokulima eRussia ngo-2014 - 2020" isebenza esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalolu hlelo, kuhlinzekwa uxhaso lokwakhiwa, ukwakhiwa kabusha kanye nokuhlonyiswa kabusha kwemishini yokuchelela kanye nezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile kanye nomuntu ngamunye, okuhlanganisa nokutshala amazambane.
Uxhaso lukhokhelwa abamukeli ngenani elingeqile ku-50% yenani lezindleko ezitholwe futhi ezikhokhiwe, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kuka-50% wezindleko ezilinganiselwe zokwakha (ukwakha kabusha, izisetshenziswa zobuchwepheshe kabusha) zezinhlelo zokubuyisela kabusha. Ngo-2016, kugunyazwe ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-2016 kule ndawo emthethweni "Kusabelomali sesifunda sika-60", kuhlanganise nama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-54 kusukela kusabelomali sombuso kanye nama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-6 kusukela kusabelomali sesifunda.
Izimpumelelo zika-2015
Ngokusho kwe-Territorial Body ye-Federal State Statistics Service yeSifunda saseNizhny Novgorod, ngo-2015, indawo engaphansi kwamazambane emapulazini azo zonke izigaba yaba ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-52,3 (104% wezinga lika-2014), amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-950,6 (114%). akhiqizwe ngesivuno esiyisilinganiso esingu-183 c/ha.
Izinga lokuzanelisa kumazambane esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod ngo-2015 lalingu-122,2%. Namuhla, isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod sihlangabezana nezidingo zaso ngokugcwele, futhi sithengisa ngempumelelo isivuno esithe xaxa kwezinye izifunda zeRussian Federation.
Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane
Cishe amapulazi angama-240 (amabhizinisi ezolimo angama-77 kanye namapulazi abalimi abangaba ngu-160) asebenza ekukhiqizeni amazambane okuhweba esifundeni.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuzinzile kwabakhiqizi bempahla abanembewu ephezulu kanye nezinto zokutshala endaweni yaseNizhny Novgorod, uhlelo lwesayensi nokukhiqiza lwe-Elite lusebenza. Ngo-2015, yayihlanganisa amapulazi embewu angama-35 elite, kuwo amapulazi ayi-13 elite asebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni imbewu yezambane elite. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenziwa ngezinhlobo ezingama-22. Cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-5 wembewu yamazambane yokukhiqiza okuphezulu akhiqizwa minyaka yonke, lapho amathani angaba yizinkulungwane ezi-3,5 athengiswa kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesisekelo se-LLC Elitkhoz (idolobha lase-Bor) kanye ne-LLC Agrofirma Metallurg (igatsha i-Novodmitrievskoye, idolobha lase-Vyksa) kukhona amalabhorethri amabili okukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane engenagciwane. Ukusebenza kwamalabhorethri okukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane okuyisisekelo kuvumela ukukhiqizwa konyaka kwezingcezu ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-220 zama-mini-tubers, okuthi, kanye nokukhethwa kwe-clonal yonyaka ezindaweni zokusakaza kusetshenziswa i-ELISA (i-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), iqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa konyaka. amazambane angaba ngu-3-3,5 ayizinkulungwane ezinempilo. Le miqulu ihlanganisa ngokugcwele izidingo zamapulazi esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod ukuze uthole imbewu (i-I - III reproductions), elandelwa ukuvuselelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo noma ukushintsha kwezinhlobonhlobo.
Ingqalasizinda yezimboni
Impumelelo yamapulazi amazambane ayincikile kuphela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe besimanje obukhulayo, kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokugcina. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amapulazi amaningi ahamba phambili esifundeni atshale imali ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezintsha zokugcina amazambane ezinezinhlelo zokulawula isimo sezulu kanye nokunakekela, futhi athenga nemishini yokuhlunga, ukuwagcina, ukuwasha, ukuxebula nokupakisha amazambane.
Izibonelo zifaka i-Latkin LLC yesifunda sase-Arzamas, okusekelwe kuyo indawo yesimanje yokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 amazambane, i-Agrotrade Company LLC, iSTEK LLC yesifunda saseBogorodsky (indawo yokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25), i-Axentis LLC yaseGorodetsky. isifunda (umthamo wokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 ngelabhorethri). I-AFG National Nizhny Novgorod LLC yakha indawo yokugcina impahla enamandla amathani ayi-16 esifundeni saseLukoyanovsky.
Ngokuvamile, esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod kunezindawo zokugcina amazambane ezinomthamo ophelele wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-568. Kunezindawo zokugcina amazambane ezakhiwe kuma-60s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule ezidinga ukwakhiwa kabusha okukhulu.
Amapulazi athuthukile
Kokubili amabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo kanye namapulazi abalimi asebenza esifundeni. Isimo esibalulekile sokuqhubekela phambili kwabo ukuguqukela ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni, kusetshenziswa amandla esayensi nezobuchwepheshe embonini kanye nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zamabhizinisi aphumelele kakhulu kule ndawo.
I-LLC "Latkin" (isifunda sase-Arzamas)
Indawo etshaliwe yamazambane ngo-2015 yayingamahektha ayi-1400, isivuno esikhulu sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50,4 nesivuno esimaphakathi esingu-360 c/ha. Ipulazi lethule ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amazambane e-Dutch. Ukufakwa kokunisela kwathengwa futhi kwaqala ukusebenza endaweni engamahektha angama-400, okuvumela ukwanda kwesivuno samazambane ngo-50%. Kusetshenziswa imishini nemishini yesimanje, okuhlanganisa nezivuniya zamazambane ezizishayelayo. Ngo-2010, indawo yokugcina amazambane enezinjongo eziningi ene-microclimate elawulwayo enamandla amathani angama-20 yasetshenziswa ngokugcwele. Indawo yokugcina amazambane inendawo yokusebenzela yokuwasha, ukucwecwa kanye nokupakisha imikhiqizo, eminye yayo ekhiqizwa nge-vacuum package. Ngo-000, kwathengwa imishini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi yaqala ukusebenza, okuhlanganisa ukuwasha, ukupholisha nokupakisha amazambane emaphaketheni amancane (amakhilogremu angu-2014-2) anamandla afinyelela kumathani angama-3 ngehora. Ipulazi linezindawo zokugcina amazambane eziyi-40 ezinenani eliphelele lokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-13, kufaka phakathi amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-45,4 wesitoreji sesitsha kanye namathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-4,5 anemishini yesiqandisi.
I-Aksentis LLC (isifunda saseGorodetsky)
Ngo-2015, amahektha angu-500 amazambane atshalwe epulazini. Amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-21,9 amazambane akhiqizwa ngesivuno esimaphakathi esingu-438 c/ha. Lokhu okulandelayo kwakhiwe futhi kuyasebenza: inkimbinkimbi yezindawo zokugcina amazambane ezithengiswayo ezinamandla okugcina amathani angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-15, enomhubhe wezobuchwepheshe (wokufaka amazambane okuhweba) onendawo eyi-3 4,5 sq.m. ; inkimbinkimbi yezindawo zokugcina uhlobo lwesitsha sembewu yamazambane yasekuqaleni kanye ne-elite enenani eliphelele lamathani angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezi-XNUMX; Isakhiwo selabhorethri sokusabalalisa izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane.
TNV "Mir" Yashchenko A.V. kanye nenkampani" (isifunda saseGorodetsky)
Indawo etshaliwe yamazambane ngo-2015 yayingamahektha angama-470, isivuno esikhulu sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-19,2 nesivuno esimaphakathi esingu-409,3 c/ha. Kunezindawo eziyisikhombisa zokugcina amazambane ezinomthamo ophelele wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-7,2.
LLC "PC "Nizhny Novgorod Potato System" (Shatkovsky wesifunda)
Indawo etshaliwe yamazambane ngo-2015 yayingamahektha angama-300, isivuno esikhulu sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14,8 ngesivuno esimaphakathi esingu-494,4 c/ha. Isamba sokugcina ivolumu amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-13.
I-LLC "Zhniva" (isifunda sase-Arzamas)
Indawo etshaliwe yamazambane ngo-2015 yayingamahektha angama-290, isivuno esikhulu sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14,5 nesivuno esimaphakathi se-500 c/ha. Kunezindawo ezinhlanu zokugcina amazambane ezinomthamo ophelele wamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14,5, kufaka phakathi amathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-3,1 wesitoreji samathani kanye namathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-3 anemishini yesiqandisi.
I-Agrofirma Iskra LLC (isifunda saseBogorodsky)
Indawo etshaliwe yamazambane ngo-2015 yayingamahektha angama-450, isivuno esikhulu sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-11,9 nesivuno esimaphakathi esingu-264 c/ha. Kunezindawo ezinhlanu zokugcina amazambane ezinomthamo ophelele wamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14. Isikhungo sokugcina esinomthamo wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2,5 sifakwe esiqandisini. Kuyibhizinisi elite elikhulisa imbewu lamazambane ama-Red Scarlett.
LLC "FH Yalina A.P." (Isifunda sase-Arzamas)
Indawo etshaliwe yamazambane ngo-2015 yayingamahektha ayi-150, isivuno esikhulu sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisi-7,2 nesivuno esimaphakathi esingu-480 c/ha. Kunezindawo ezimbili zokugcina amazambane ezinomthamo ophelele wokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisi-7, kufaka phakathi amathani angama-500 wesitoreji samathani namathani angama-500 anemishini yesiqandisi.
Ipulazi elihlangene "I-Red Lighthouse" (isifunda saseGorodetsky)
Indawo etshaliwe yamazambane ngo-2015 yayingamahektha angu-160, isivuno esikhulu sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-6,4 nesivuno esimaphakathi se-400 c/ha. Kunezindawo ezinhlanu zokugcina amazambane ezinomthamo ophelele wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4,5. Kuyibhizinisi elite elikhulisa imbewu lamazambane nezitshalo zokusanhlamvu.
I-LLC Labzin S.A. (Isifunda sase-Arzamas)
Indawo etshaliwe yamazambane ngo-2015 yayingamahektha ayi-100, isivuno esikhulu sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4,5 nesivuno esimaphakathi se-450 c/ha. Ipulazi linezindawo zokugcina amazambane ezine nenani eliphelele lokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisi-7, kufaka phakathi amathani ayinkulungwane ayi-1 okugcinwa kweziqukathi kanye namathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1 anemishini yesiqandisi.
Ipulazi labalimi i-Vizgunov K.V. (Isifunda sase-Spassky)
Indawo etshaliwe yamazambane ngo-2015 yayingamahektha angama-80, isivuno esikhulu sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-3,6 nesivuno esimaphakathi esingu-450 c/ha. Umthamo wokugcina ungamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi anjalo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuvikeleka kokudla kuphela ngamazambane asezingeni eliphezulu anobungani bemvelo, kodwa nezindaba zokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasemakhaya. Lokhu ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi, amaholo aphezulu, ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi wesigodi, ukulawulwa kwamanani entengo yemikhiqizo yokudla eyisisekelo.
Izinhlelo namathemba ka-2016
Ngo-2016, uhlelo "Ukuthuthukiswa kokubuyiselwa kabusha kwezindawo zezolimo esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod ngo-2016-2020" lwaqala ukusebenza esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod. Njengengxenye yalolu hlelo, kulo nyaka kuhlelwe ukwandisa indawo ngaphansi kwamazambane nemifino ngenxa yezindawo eziniselwe ngamahektha angu-3116 futhi kutholwe amathani angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-41 zamazambane nemifino ngaphansi kokunisela.
Njengoba kwaziwa, isivuno semikhiqizo evela emhlabeni wokulima oniswayo siphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2,5 kunezindawo ezifanayo ngaphandle kokunisela, kanye nokukhiqiza kwabasebenzi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusebenzisa izinsiza zemvelo kanye nezinto zobuchwepheshe, kuhlanganise nomanyolo, ukwandisa izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Isivuno samazambane sikhula izikhathi ezingu-1,5-2 futhi sifinyelela ku-450-600 centner ngehektha ngalinye, imifino - kathathu futhi ifinyelela ku-300 centner ngehektha ngalinye. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwethulwa kokunisela kuholela ekunciphiseni izindleko zezimpahla kumthengi wokugcina.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakwa okukhulu esifundeni kukhokhwa ekuxazululeni izinkinga zesimanje kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina amazambane nemifino ezihlangabezana nezidingo zesimanje ezidingekayo. Lokhu kugqugquzelwa wuhlelo lukahulumeni lwesimanje kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezindawo zokugcina amazambane nemifino, ama-greenhouse complexes ngokuxhaswa ngezimali ngokubambisana kwesabelomali sesifunda. Kulo nyaka, kuhlelwe ukwaba cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-10,0 kwisabelomali sesifunda sale micimbi.
Impahla ilungisiwe UMnyango Wezolimo esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod