U-Alexey Egorov, iNhloko Yemikhiqizo Yokuvikelwa Kwezitshalo, Inkampani ye-Agrotrade
Ngifisa ukuqala i-athikili esemaphephandabeni ekwindla yale magazini ngokuhalalisela bonke abakhiqizi bezolimo ngeSuku Lomsebenzi Wezolimo kanye nokuqedwa ngempumelelo komsebenzi wasensimini. Isizini ka-2018 yaphenduka eyingqayizivele, enezimpawu zayo nobunzima bayo. Sizokhuluma ngabo, nangezixazululo ezingaba khona zezinkinga ezikhona kule ndaba.
UKUQHAWULA: Nciphisa UKUTHUTHUKA KOMHLABA
Njengoba ukhumbula, intwasahlobo ka-2018 yavele yoma futhi yabanda, okwaholela ekubambezelweni kokuhluma, ukukhula kancane nokukhula kwamazambane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuqashwa kokutshalwa kozakwethu, kuyo yonke indawo saqopha ukunqotshwa kweRhizoctonia solani - engxenyeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga yeRussia, naseCentral, naseningizimu, nangaphesheya kweUral. Ake sigcizelele ukuthi ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kubangelwe yizizathu eziyinkimbinkimbi, kufaka phakathi ukulimala kwembewu, isimo sezulu, ukuntuleka kokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo nokusebenza ngokuhlelekile nezinsalela zezitshalo zezitshalo ezedlule.
Njengoba wazi, kunezimo eziningana ezidingekayo zokubola kwezinsalela zezitshalo: lokhu kuba khona komswakama, ama-microorganisms, i-nitrogen yamahhala. Ngokobuchwepheshe, inkinga ixazululwa ngokwelapha insimu evuniwe ngenhlanganisela yethangi lamafomu e-nitrogen ketshezi kanye namalungiselelo aqukethe i-trichodermine (Trichoderma harzianum). Umthamo wezidakamizwa uncike ekwakhiweni okukhethiwe noma kubakhiqizi abathile. Lo msebenzi awukwazi ukwenziwa kuphela ekwindla, kepha nasentwasahlobo lapho usebenza nomusi ohlanzekile noma ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo zomquba eziluhlaza emhlabathini.
Ungabhekana kanjani nokutheleleka kwembewu nenhlabathi? Isixazululo sendawo yonke asitholakali, akuwona wonke amapulazi anethuba lokuhlela ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo ezensimu engu-4-5, ukuthenga imbewu yokuphindwa okuphezulu kuphela. Kepha singancoma ukuthi abalimi bahlanganise ngababili abasebenza eceleni (basebenzise izitshalo ezibethelwa emhlolweni noma ezivuthayo) ohlelweni lokulima, futhi bathuthukise uhlelo lokuvikela isitshalo oluhlanganisa omabili amalungiselelo wamakhemikhali nawokuzalwa. Futhi-ke, lalelisisa ikhwalithi yembewu ethengiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemikhiqizo yokwelapha imbewu kanye naphansi komphetho ngesikhathi sokutshala kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nokutheleleka kwembewu nenhlabathi, kanti nenkimbinkimbi yamasu we-agrotechnical echazwe ngenhla izonciphisa umthwalo ophathelene nesitshalo.
EHLABATHINI: LWA NEZIFO NEZILWANINGO
Ukutshala imifino yamazambane kanye nokuvunwa kwalo nyaka kwenzeka cishe kulo lonke izwe esimweni sezulu esomile nesishisayo nemvula ngezikhathi ezithile, okungazange kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kokulimala kakhulu kwe-alternariosis kanye ne-alternariosis: ukubonakaliswa kwabo emasimini bekungasho lutho njengangesizini ka-2017, kodwa umphumela wabo ongemuhle isifo impela sasinaso. Imindeni ethinteke kakhulu ebisebenza "kwizimpawu" zesifo, hhayi ohlelweni olwenzelwe ngaphambilini. Ukubambezeleka ekusebenzeni kwezinsuku eziyi-1-2 kuholele ekulahlekelweni kukho konke inani nekhwalithi yesitshalo. Imiphumela efanayo yabangelwa ukwelashwa ngemithamo yemithi enganakwa, amaphutha ekukhetheni imikhiqizo nasekunqumeni indawo yawo ohlelweni lokuvikela isitshalo. Amapulazi amaningi, ngokwesibonelo, "alondolozwe" ekwelashweni kokugcina kokutshala ngaphambi kosuku lokuvuna.
Khonamanjalo, ukwelashwa kokugcina okulungiselelwe okuqukethe i-fluazinam, kuhlanganiswe nokusula noma kwenziwa ngemuva kokususwa kweziqongo, kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphakeme, okuvumela ukunciphisa izinga lokutheleleka kabusha kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ukutheleleka kwefungal emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokuvuna nangesikhathi sokugcina.
Mayelana nezidingo ezengeziwe zemakethe zekhwalithi yamazambane, enye yezindawo eziholayo ukulwa nezilokazane ezithwalwa inhlabathi, ikakhulukazi, izibungu zebhungane le-nutcracker noma i-wireworm. Le nkinga isekude nokuxazululeka, ikakhulukazi emapulazini akhula amazambane ngokusho kwababanduleli bokuqala, lapho kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuncane bokulima lapho kutshalwa izilimo.
Inkinga nge-wireworm (nezinye izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane) ihlala ikhuliswa izivivinyo zabakhiqizi bezolimo besebenzisa amalungiselelo okubulala izinambuzane kanye nezinambuzane zokubulala izinambuzane ngemithamo ephansi. Umphumela wendlela "yokudala" enjalo ungayibikezela - ukuthengwa okuphansi kwamazambane. Yize imiphumela ingaba mibi ngokwengeziwe: imithamo ephansi iholela ekuqhamukeni kwabantu bezinambuzane ezingazweli entweni esebenzayo yemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe.
Ngokwehlukana, ngithanda ukuhlala esihlokweni sama-nematode: kaningi kufanele sibhekane nalesi sinambuzane. Esinye sezixazululo eziyinhloko ukwahlukanisa amasimu athelelekile: ngaphandle kwezindawo ezivela ekushintshaneni kwezitshalo zamazambane iminyaka eminingana. Enye indlela yokusebenzisa i-nematicides, ikakhulukazi, isidakamizwa seNematofagin, esakhiwe yiScientific Center for Virology and Biotechnology "Vector". Ukulungiselela kusekelwe ezinhlamvwini zesikhunta esine-nematophagous. Ngokusho kwabathuthukisi, i-Nematofagin iyahambisana nemikhiqizo yokwelashwa kwembewu - i-Albit ne-Trichodermin. Ukuthuthukiswa kuthakazelisa ngokwedlulele, ngesiqinisekiso sokuhambisana nemikhiqizo ye-insectofungicidal, ingasetshenziselwa ukwethulwa emhlabathini lapho utshala amazambane.
FUTHI FUTHI UYAFUNA IZIMPAWU
Ezihlokweni ezedlule, kwakhulunywa kaningi ukuthi imfihlo yokuphumelela komlimi wamazambane isekelwe kakhulu ekubambeleleni kubuchwepheshe obukhulayo kanye nokunamathela ngqo ohlelweni lokuvikelwa kwezitshalo olunekhono.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi uhlelo olunje aludalelwanga amakhulu eminyaka, kufanele lushintshe unyaka nonyaka ukuze lunake izimo ezintsha: ushintsho ekusethweni kwezifo, ukwethulwa kwemikhiqizo ethuthukile kakhulu emakethe, ukuvikela ukumelana nento ethile esebenzayo, lapho kuguqulwa ubuchwepheshe bebhizinisi. Uma umnotho ushintsha ekukhiqizeni amazambane afanele ukugeza, izidingo zekhwalithi zanda kakhulu. Ngokusobala, iqoqo lemikhiqizo ohlelweni lokucubungula kumele lishintshe.
Sifisela wena izixazululo ezicatshangelwe nezizuzisayo. Futhi ukuvuna okuhle kwesizini ezayo!