Ihlobo selizophela, ukuvunwa kwezinhlobo zokuqala zamazambane sekuqalile ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia, futhi singafingqa imiphumela yokuqala yenkathi engelula kakhulu, ehlukaniswa isomiso nokushisa okushisayo eSiberia nase-Urals, izimvula ezinamandla. ezifundeni eziseningizimu kanye nesithwathwa esinamandla engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, ethinta ingxenye yezwe. Kodwa-ke, uDmitry Belov, inhloko yomnyango wezokumaketha wenkampani ka-August, owacelwa abahleli bomagazini wePotato System ukuthi akhulume ngezici zonyaka, uyaqiniseka ukuthi iningi lobunzima abakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia abahlale bebhekana nazo lapho. amazambane akhulayo awabangelwa izimo zezulu.
“Inkinga enkulu kule mboni kuze kube manje ukungabi nalutho lwembewu yekhwalithi emakethe,” ephawula, “ngezilimo eziyizigaxa zembewu, ikakhulukazi, kunokwanda kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, inkinga enzima kakhulu eRussia namuhla.” Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ngokusho kochwepheshe, abalimi kufanele bathathe indlela enomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu ekukhetheni umphakeli wembewu yamazambane, ngokufanele bavakashele amasimu lapho kutshalwa khona izinto ezibonakalayo, babambe iqhaza ekumbeni futhi baqiniseke ukuthi bathumela izilimo eziyizigaxa ezivela eqoqweni elikhethiwe ukuze lithengwe. ukuze kuhlaziywe, kuthembeke imiphumela yamalabhorethri afakazelwe kuphela.
Isimo sengqondo esingathí sina ekukhetheni imbewu siwumshwalense omuhle ngokumelene nenye ishwa elaziwayo - i-tuberous (stem) nematode. Ngokusho kokubonwa kukaDmitry Belov, lesi zinambuzane namuhla sisakazeke kuzo zonke izifunda ezinkulu zamazambane zezwe - esifundeni saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, naseCentral Black Earth esifundeni, nasengxenyeni yesifunda saseVolga. Njengoba uchwepheshe egcizelela, uma kwenzeka ukungcoliswa komhlaba, umkhiqizi wezolimo kuzofanele achithe iminyaka exazulula lolu daba. U-Dmitry Belov uyaphawula: “Amakhemikhali okulawula i-nematode atholakala kubalimi asiza ekukhiqizeni amazambane angonakalisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa awanawo umthelela ezinambuzaneni,” kuphawula uDmitry Belov, “nokuhlwanyela umquba oluhlaza (isinaphi, i-rapeseed, njll.) ezindaweni ezinegciwane, ngisho noma kwenziwa. ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho , ayisebenzi esikhathini esifushane. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuncipha kwenani le-nematodes (kokubili i-tuberous kanye ne-cyst-forming) emhlabathini kuzokwenziwa lula ngama-nematicides amasha ngomphumela wokunciphisa inani labantu, kodwa okwamanje balungiselela ukungena emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isipiliyoni siyanqwabelana ekusetshenzisweni kwamalungiselelo ebhayoloji asuselwa ezinhlobonhlobo zesikhunta esizingelayo, okufanele futhi ukunaka nokuqapha imiphumela ezuzwe ngokubambisana nochwepheshe kulo mkhakha.
Inkinga ebalulekile yabalimi bamazambane baseRussia isasele anthracnose. Ngokusho kwenhloko yomnyango wezokumaketha wenkampani "ye-August", namuhla awekho amalungiselelo ezweni ukuthi, uma welashwa, angakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokusebenza okwanele. Kodwa abakhiqizi bezolimo bangavimbela ukuqala kwayo ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela, okuthi, ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngesikhathi sokutshala, kuphinde kufake nokwelashwa kwezitshalo ngamalungiselelo eqembu le-triazole ne-strobilurin.
Le nkathi yabangela umonakalo othile kubalimi bamazambane kanye phytophthora (okwamanje sikhuluma ngezifunda eziseningizimu: amanye amapulazi akhula amazambane okuqala aphambuka ezinhlelweni zokuvikela alahlekelwa yisivuno).
Ezifundeni ezimaphakathi neRussia, i-Urals neSiberia kwaba nezimvula ezinamandla ngoJulayi, kodwa uchwepheshe uphakamisa kulesi sigaba ukuthi leli qiniso kufanele libhekwe njengelihle. “Amazambane ayisitshalo esingenamanzi ngokuphelele eRussia,” uqinisekile uDmitry Belov, “izinhlobo ezithile zisabela kulokhu ngokujwayelekile, kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni.” Ngokombono wochwepheshe, ngisho nemvula yesiphepho ewele esifundeni sase-Omsk cishe ngeke ibangele izinkinga - "uma kungekho ukucekelwa phansi kwamagquma kanye nokuhlaliswa kanzima kweziqongo."
Ngokuvamile, uma abakhiqizi bezolimo bekwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinsuku zokugcina zokucubungula okujwayelekile (okucishe kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kwenziwa amapulazi esebenzisa ithrekhi yobuchwepheshe emsebenzini wabo), uchwepheshe ubikezela, isimo sizohlala silawulwa. Nakuba isithombe esigcwele se-blight sekwephuzile ezweni sizocaca eduze nekwindla.
UDmitry Belov ugqamisa emgqeni ohlukile I-Alternaria Blight - isifo, okubangelwa ukucindezeleka (isomiso, isithwathwa, ukonakala kwamaminerali, njll.). Ngokusho kochwepheshe, isikhathi eside ukulwa ne-Alternaria blight ezweni lethu akuzange kunikezwe ukunakwa okufanele, kodwa nokho kuyingozi ezifundeni eziningana. Inhloko yomnyango wezokumaketha wenkampani ka-August ibiza abanikazi bamapulazi asendaweni engozini ukuthi bafake izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezinhlelweni zokuvikela amazambane (okusebenza kakhulu yilezo ezisekelwe ku-triazoles kanye ne-strobilurins), ngaphandle kokuthembela kuphela emikhiqizweni eyinkimbinkimbi.
Izici ezinhle zesizini yamanje zifaka ukuhlinzekwa okugcwele kwabakhiqizi bezolimo abanohlu olugcwele lwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo. Imakethe inikeza izinhlobo eziningi zezidakamizwa zangaphandle nezasekhaya. "Kube nezinkinga ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu ngamunye, zaxazululwa kanzima, kepha ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokushoda," kusho uDmitry Belov ngolwazi, "kanye nezinkampani zaseRussia, ngenxa yesu elithile nesimo samanje, zanaka. izitshalo ezihola kancane njengamazambane, nokubhaliswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwazo, kwanda ekhaya. Kungashiwo ngokuzethemba ukuthi azikho izindawo ezingenakushintshwa (ngokwenhloso, mayelana nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla, ukuvikelwa kumagciwane, izinambuzane nokhula).
Kodwa isimo samanani entengo yemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo yasekhaya, siba nethemba elincane kubalimi maphakathi noJulayi kunasekuqaleni kwesizini. “Izithako ezisebenzayo zezidakamizwa zikhiqizwa ngaphandle kwezwe lethu, futhi umnotho walezi zinkampani unqunywa ukushintshashintsha kwemakethe yomhlaba,” kuchaza uchwepheshe, “ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, amanani ezidakamizwa ehlisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nesizini edlule. . Isizathu salokhu “ukugcwala ngokweqile” okuthile emafektri aseShayina okudalwe ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile ngaphambi kwama-Olympics aseBeijing kanye nokwehla kwesidingo sesikhashana ngesikhathi sodlame. Manje isidingo sesibuyele ezingeni laso langaphambili, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushintshisana ngama-ruble selinciphe ngokuphawulekayo, ngakho izindleko zezidakamizwa ezisohlwini lwamanani sezilungisiwe kakade.”
Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo yesizini entsha kuzobiza malini. Azikho izimfuneko zokwehliswa kwentengo okwamanje.