NgoDisemba 2018, ochwepheshe abavela eRussia Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) bashicilele “Ukuqapha Isimo Sezomnotho” ngemininingwane ebuyekeziwe ngezimali ezinkulu (kucatshangelwa imiphumela yokuqala yokubalwa kwabantu kwezolimo ngo-2016).
Ukungafani okukhulu kakhulu phakathi kwezibalo zangempela nezamenyezelwayo kwatholakala lapho kubalwa inani lamazambane (ngokwesibonelo, lapho kuqhathaniswa idatha yemibiko emibili ka-2017, umehluko wawungu-35,9%).
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ososayensi beRANEPA baphetha ngokuthi umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwamazambane waseRussia ungaphansi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe ngaphambili (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-21), futhi leli nani alinakubizwa ngokuthi leqile.
Ngokusho kwababhali be- "Ukuqapha isimo somnotho", izwe kungenzeka ukuthi libhekane nokushoda noma ukwanda kokungenisa ngaphakathi ezweni.
Eqinisweni, mayelana nento efanayo ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2018, abamele i-akhawunti yama-Akhawunti bathi bakufakazisile ukuthi izinga lokuzinakekela kweRussia amazambane ekugcineni kokuvunwa ngo-2017 lavela laphansi kunenkomba eyasungulwa yi-Food Security Doctrine, iRussia yazinikeza amazambane ngamaphesenti angama-90,7 okungenani 95%
Ngemuva kwalokho le nkulumo idale umsindo omkhulu kwabezindaba, yize kungekho nozwayo ukushoda kwamazambane. Njengoba izwa manje.
IPOTATO ARITHMETICS
Ekuboneni kokuqala, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-21,7 akwenele ngokufanele. Kulawa, kusetshenziswa amathani ayizigidi ezingama-13-15 ekudleni. Izimbewu ezengeziwe (cishe amathani ayisigidi), ukucubungula (amathani ayisigidi), ukulahleka kwesitoreji (amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1), ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe (amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1), ukudla kwezinkomo ... Ngokuya ngale mininingwane, ngifuna ukunxusa abalimi bamazambane ukuthi khula kakhulu ... Kepha lezi izinombolo zobuqili.
"Asazi ukuthi angakanani amazambane alinywa eRussia," kuphawula uVladimir Denisov, umqondisi jikelele wenye yezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu ezikhiqiza amazambane nemifino esifundeni iVolga Federal District - ibhizinisi laseSamara "iScorpio" - futhi wayengazi phambilini. Kepha isibalo ngqo asinandaba.
Futhi ngaphandle kwawo, kuyacaca ukuthi akukho ukushoda komkhiqizo emakethe.
Ukuhlelwa kwesitoreji emapulazini amaningi kusezingeni eliphezulu, kunamakhaza, amazambane emiqulu emikhulu agcinwa kuze kuqale ihlobo. Ukuqinisekiswa okuhle kwalokhu izinsalela ezinkulu zamazambane emashidini wamabhizinisi amaningi aseRussia ngoJuni 2018, angazange aqaphele ngenxa yokungeniswa okukhulu kwamazambane okuqala avela eGibhithe. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu: imakethe ifinyelele umkhawulo wayo, igcwele, kanti eminyakeni ezayo akulindelekile ukukhula noma ukwehla ”.
Ngokombono kaDenisov, akukho lutho olungahambi kahle ngalokhu kuqina: ochwepheshe ebhizinisini lamazambane abanesisekelo esidingekayo kwezobuchwepheshe futhi abathwala izindleko "zokudla" kuphela abangaqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi wabo ngokuphepha.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane ngeke kulethe inzuzo eningi, kepha kuzosiza ukuhlala endaweni eqinile. “Ayikho nje indawo lapho amanani entengo ehla khona,” kusho inhloko yeScorpion. "Abakhiqizi sebevele basebenzela onqenqemeni lwenzuzo."
Kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe kubaqalayo, izindleko zamazambane emapulazini anjalo azophakama kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso, okusho ukuthi kuzoba nethuba elincane lokuhlala emakethe.
IMIQHAWULO YOKUKHANGELA
Ekhuluma ngezindlela ezingenzeka zokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo zaseRussia, ochwepheshe ngokwesiko banikela ngezixazululo ezimbili. Enye yazo ukuqiniswa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngokusho kwephrojekthi kahulumeni "Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo", efakwe ohlelweni olusha lokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo ngasekupheleni kuka-2024 kufanele ufike ku- $ 45 billion. abatshali bamazambane kule ndlela.
Abakhiqizi baseRussia empeleni banganikela ngamazambane etafuleni nembewu ikakhulukazi emazweni angomakhelwane, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukusungula iziteshi ezihlala njalo ngisho namazwe angomakhelwane, futhi isikhathi esiningi isinqumo sokuhlinzeka noma ukungahanjiswa komkhiqizo kungokwezepolitiki kunokomnotho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo samazambane eAzerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan asibonwa minyaka yonke, kepha ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokuhluleka kwezitshalo.
Wonke la mazwe athuthukisa ngenkuthalo amazambane akhula futhi azuze impumelelo enkulu kulokhu. Ngakho-ke, e-Uzbekistan, isivuno samazambane sisezingeni lamasentimitha angama-240-250 / ha, isivuno esikhulu sidlula amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,5-2. E-Kazakhstan, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane kungama-300-400 c / ha, isivuno saminyaka yonke singaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezintathu.
IAzerbaijan nayo ifuna ukwanela kumazambane. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe eRussia kuthikamezwa ubunzima kanye nemvelo "engeyona eyemanye amazwe".
Ngokusho kukaVitaly Leis, iphini likamqondisi jikelele ekukhiqizeni amazambane e-KRiMM, inkinga enkulu ebhekene nenkampani yakhe lapho ihlela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukungabi khona kwempahla.
Ukuthumela amazambane ngomgwaqo amabanga amade kakhulu kuyabiza kakhulu, futhi ukulethwa kwezimpahla ezonakalayo ezimweni zobusika ngesitimela akuvamisile ukwenzeka ngenxa yokushoda okukhulu kwezinqola ezifudumele.
Akusikho nje ukuthi izazi eziningi zemakethe zithi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe hhayi okubhalwe amazambane aluhlaza, kepha imikhiqizo yokuphrinta okujulile ingathembisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni zesilinganiso esiphansi sokushintshana kwe-ruble.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokucubungula kungenye indlela yokukhula komkhakha wamazambane. Kepha ukunyakaza kudinga utshalomali olukhulu, olungaphezu kwamandla abakhiqizi abaningi bezolimo, ngakho-ke lwenziwa ngejubane eliphansi ngokweqile.
UKUKHULA KWENDLELA
Isikhathi sokuqina emakethe yamazambane singaphela isikhathi esingakanani? Akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma yibaphi ochwepheshe bazokwazi ukusho izinsuku eziqondile. Yize umkhuba ojwayelekile ucacile: umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwamazambane emapulazini abantu uzokwehla ngokungenakuvinjwa, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, imboni yezimboni izothuthuka. Inqubo yokuguqula ingathatha iminyaka eyi-10-15: empeleni, isikhathi esiningi sizodingeka ekushintsheni okudala.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhizinisi amaningi amancane ahlulekile ukuqhubeka nokuphila ngaphansi kwezimo zenzuzo ephansi futhi angakwazi ukumelana nomncintiswano azoshiya imakethe. I-niche engasebenzi izobaluleka kakhulu. Ngokusho komqondisi omkhulu wePotato Union u-Alexei Krasilnikov, ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla zamazambane kungenzeka kube nokukhula okuphindwe kabili.
Ingakanani le volumu ezodingeka, isikhathi sizotshela. Kungenzeka ukuthi isifiso sokudla okunempilo kuholele ekunciphiseni kwenani lamazambane ekudleni kwe-Russian ejwayelekile. Futhi mhlawumbe okuphambene nalokho: izinhlekelele zomnotho ezivame kakhulu zizoholela ekwandeni kokuthandwa komkhiqizo othandekayo waseRussia.
Kunoma ikuphi, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuhumusha amathemba esikhathi esizayo abe izibalo eziqondile.